山西省优势农产品区域布局发展研究

为了促进山西省优势农产品区域化布局、提升区域农业发展层次,根据山西省优势农产品的发展状况和社会经济条件的差异,提出了山西省优势农产品区域布局发展目标,确定了国家级重点优势农产品产业带和重点产区发展区域以及山西省特色农产品区域布局发展,最后提出了进一步推进优势农产品发展与区域布局的五项对策与建议。     

动物免疫增强剂的研究进展

免疫增强剂可促进动物对抗原的免疫应答反应,显著增强疫苗的免疫效果。文章综述了动物疫苗研究领域中的免疫增强剂,如免疫刺激复合物、脂质体、细胞因子、胞嘧啶-鸟嘌呤寡脱氧核苷酸和天然产物对动物疫苗免疫效果的影响,并对免疫增强剂的发展趋势作了展望。     

Obtaining a Restructured Seafood Product from Non-Functional Fish Muscle by Glucomannan Addition: First Steps

A procedure for fish minced muscle gelation has been created in order to restructure mince muscle that lacks functionality due to processing. This consists of adding glucomannan, dispersed in water in concentrations of 3–6%, to the mince. Then, 0.6 N KOH is added to bring the pH up to 11.8–12, and the sample is kept at 30°C for 1 h and then at 5°C for 4 h, so that the glucomannan gels with the mince incorporated as a “filler.” This gel is subsequently neutralized by placing it in a buffer. The result is a thermostable gel with the same aspects of raw fish muscle and oral sensory properties similar to those of muscle when both are cooked. Therefore, this gel could be used to mimic muscle fibers or myotomes.     

Effects of dietary supplementation of citrus by‐products fermented with a probiotic microbe on growth performance,innate immunity and disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda in juvenile olive flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel)

Two consecutive studies were conducted to evaluate the dietary supplementation of citrus by‐products (CB) fermented with probiotic bacteria on growth performance, feed utilization, innate immune responses and disease resistance of juvenile olive flounder. In Experiment I, five diets were formulated to contain 0% (control) or 3% four different CB fermented with Bacillus subtilis (BS), Enterococcus faecium (EF), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR) and L. plantarum (LP) (designated as CON, CBF‐BS, CBF‐EF, CBF‐LR and CBF‐LP, respectively). During 10 weeks of a feeding trial, growth performance and feed efficiency were not significantly different among all the fish groups. However, fish fed CBF containing diets had significantly higher survivals than the CON group. Disease resistance of fish against Edwardsiella tarda was increased by the fermentation of CB. In Experiment II, we chose the BS as a promising probiotic and formulated five diets to contain 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% CBF‐BS. Growth performance was not significantly affected by the CBF‐BS supplementation during 6 weeks of a feeding trial. Innate immunity of fish was significantly enhanced by CBF‐BS supplementation. Myeloperoxidase and lysozyme activities were increased in a dose‐dependent manner by dietary CBF‐BS inclusions. In a consecutive challenge test against E. tarda, an increased disease resistance was found by CBF‐BS supplementation. These studies indicate that the fermentation process of CB with probiotic has beneficial effects on innate immunity and thereby increases disease resistance of olive flounder against E. tarda. Bacillus subtilis can be used as a promising probiotic microbe for by‐product fermentation in fish feeds.     

Glycerol inclusion in the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles

The present study evaluated the effects of inclusion of glycerol in the diet of Nile tilapia juveniles on growth performance, biochemical changes in blood, and carcass composition. We used 300 Nile tilapia juveniles with an average initial weight of 29.15 ± 8.40 g and 11.55 ± 0.87 cm in length, distributed in 20 fiberglass tanks with a capacity of 250 L. The experiments followed a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications during 79 days. The animals were fed diets containing four concentrations of glycerol (25 g kg^?1, 50 g kg^?1, 75 g kg^?1 and 100 g kg^?1) and a control diet without glycerol. HDL was the only biochemical parameter, that showed statistically different (P < 0.05) results; it was higher in the groups fed with 0 and 75 g kg^?1 glycerol compared to the other groups. No significant difference was observed in the results from the carcass composition of tilapia juvenile fed with the different glycerol levels, except for lipids (P < 0.05), which showed the highest values in fish fed with 50 g kg^?1 glycerol and the lowest in fish fed with 100 g kg^?1. Glycerol can be used in fish diets as an energy supplement without causing damage to growth performance or to the biochemical and carcass composition of Nile Tilapia juveniles.     

SIMULATED ANNEALING FOR COST-EFFECTIVE TRANSPORT OF LIVE AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS

This study elucidates a vehicle routing problem with a single depot and multi-customers, in which a simulated annealing approach is used for transporting live aquaculture products. In contrast with previous models that focused on cost, transportation distance, or time, this study separately optimizes a sole depot with multi-customer flows by using a mathematical model that considers transportation, survival rates, and cost classifications of live aquaculture products. Specifically, the simulated annealing approach is adopted to facilitate the multi-customer transport vehicle routing problem on carrier selections and their interactions. The proposed model is applied to several relevant scenarios with cost-effectiveness. The computational results demonstrate the effectiveness of the model for solving the problem of transporting live aquaculture products.     

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT IN AQUACULTURE: DEDUCING PRODUCT FORM FROM PRODUCT CLASS INFORMATION

Marketing scholars argue that product development should begin by examining the needs and wants of consumers, but what should product developers do when consumers are not able to express their needs and wants for a new product? To overcome this problem, we propose and test a model using consumers' product class information to deduce preferences for a product form. It is shown that this application can help firms get a handle on the problem of consumers not being able to articulate their needs and wants for a new product.     

福建鳗鱼制品出口贸易动态变化特征分析

摘要：利用福建鳗鱼制品出口贸易数据和FAO渔业统计数据,分析1997-2010年福建鳗鱼制品出口贸易额、出口结构以及出口价格变动。结果表明：福建该类产品在国际市场中占据重要地位,其出口额在近十年呈现下降趋势,但2010年有较大的提升;出口市场高度集中于日本市场,但近些年集中度有所下降;福建鳗鱼制品的出口价格和该类产品的国际市场价格存在很强的相关关系,该产品国际市场供需基本平衡,不存在产品差异性。最后,本文在得出结论的基础上,提出进一步提升该类产品出口的政策建议。     

水产品中五氯苯酚及其钠盐含量的气相色谱内标测定法

检测水产品中氯苯酚及其钠盐含量的常规方法存在诸多问题, 建立气相色谱内标检测法可以降低乳化、衍生等前处理过程而造成提取物的损失, 增强方法可操作性和准确性, 降低检测的不稳定性, 通过对前处理方法中衍生温度、衍生产物提取液吹干与否对回收率影响的比较研究和色谱条件的改进, 建立了鲫、鳕、日本沼虾、中华绒螯蟹可食部分中五氯苯酚及其钠盐残留量的气相色谱内标法。样品中的五氯苯酚及其钠盐在酸性介质中全部转化为五氯苯酚, 由正己烷提取, 碳酸钾溶液反萃取, 萃取物经乙酸酐衍生生成五氯苯乙酸酯, 正己烷提取衍生物, HP-5MS (30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)色谱柱分离, 用配备微池电子捕获检测器的气相色谱测定, 以2, 4, 6–三溴苯酚作为内标物, 内标法定量。结果表明: 该方法在0.2~20.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数R2=0.999 6, 在加标水平为2.0、5.0、10.0、50.0 μg/kg, 内标为50.0 μg/kg, 加标回收率为85.8%~109.0%, RSD为0.8%~9.3%, 最低检测限为0.6 μg/kg。     

山西农村发展民生经济的实践和启示

作为重工业发达、农业基础薄弱的资源型省份,山西省把发展民生经济作为一项重要工作来做。自2009年以来,山西省连续推出两轮“五个全覆盖”,加大投资,改观了农村面貌、改进了农业生产条件、改善了农民生活;同时,山西省通过实行“一村一品”,发展了农业的特色化、现代化和产业的多元化。“一村一品”工程与两轮“五个全覆盖”作为民生经济的落脚点、发力点和支撑点,推动了产业结构的升级,极大地促进了山西省民生经济的发展。