木材合法性认证及其对中国木质林产品贸易的影响

木材非法采伐及其相关贸易是导致许多发展中国家毁林和森林退化的重要原因。森林破坏反过来导致约20%的全球碳排放。许多政府和私人部门以及国际社会纷纷采取措施确保木材的合法性。随之而来的木材合法性认证越来越普遍。文中概述木材合法性认证的概念及认证体系,归纳木材合法性认证的要点、局限性和启示,简要分析木材合法性认证对中国木质林产品贸易的影响。     

中国紫胶产业现状及发展建议

紫胶是重要的生物资源,紫胶产业在促进区域经济社会发展、维护边疆少数民族地区团结稳定和保护生态环境方面发挥了重要作用。但目前紫胶产业从原材料培育到产品研发都存在一定的问题,不利于紫胶产业健康可持续发展。文中分析了中国紫胶产业现状及存在的问题,针对目前产业存在的问题提出发展建议,以使紫胶产业在流域生态环境保护、区域社会经济发展上发挥更大作用。     

长白山蜂产品及其综合开发途径

在全球范围内大力倡导生态环保和绿色消费的今天,我国政府也采取了一系列提高生态环保效益经济、建设生态经济的战略措施。蜂产品是蜜蜂为了其种族的生存与繁衍向自然界索取精华并进行加工的产品,包括蜂蜜、蜂王浆、蜂花粉、蜂蜡和蜂胶等。蜂产品化学组成复杂,且含有多种生理活性极强的生物活性物质,具有提高人体免疫能力、增强记忆力、消除疲劳以及抗衰老和美容的功效,是大自然赋人类最珍贵的礼品。大力推动长白山生态蜂产品的综合开发,有助于发挥长白山动植物资源优势,打造长白山天然食品的品牌,对地方经济的发展具有重大意义。     

麦绿素在国内的研究进展

随着人们健康意识的不断提高,作为一种天然绿色保健产品,麦绿素产品越来越受到人们的青睐。在国内,麦绿素产品也引起科研工作者的高度重视。近年来,我国科研工作者对麦绿素产品的原料来源、生产工艺、麦绿素的活性成分,以及麦绿素的生理功能都进行了大量的实验研究,为麦绿素产品的生产和临床应用提供了科学的实验数据和技术支持。从原料来源、主要成分、生理功能和生产工艺等方面记述了麦绿素产品在国内的研究状况以及取得的研究成果,并提出了麦绿素研究今后要注重的一些问题和研究方向。     

积极促进农产品加工业持续健康发展

农产品加工业是牵动我国现代农业发展的重要环节,在现代农业建设中发挥着核心带动的作用。阐述了我国农产品加工业的发展趋势和当前面临的问题,提出了发展农产品加工的主要目标和任务。     

How different or similar are nematode communities between a paddy and an upland rice fields across a flooding-drainage cycle?

The paddy field is being recognised as a biodiversity hotspot fostering a variety of organisms. However, there are few studies on the ecology of paddy field nematodes. We characterised nematode communities in rice paddy fields by comparing them with upland fields of rice or soybean. We examined nematode communities of the top (0-15 mm) and second (15-50 mm) soil layers before flooding (March or April), during flooding (June or July) and during the draining period (October) 2007-2009. We found that the nematode community in the paddy was different than that in the upland fields during all periods. Rhabdolaimus, Tobrilus, Mesodorylaims and Monhysteridae characterised the top of the paddy and Hirschmanniella characterised the second layer of the paddy. Total nematode density was generally lower in the paddy than in the upland field. However, the density in the paddy top layer increased with time from the flooding period to the draining period, during which time it was about the same as (or even greater than) the peak density in the upland fields. The density in the second layer of the paddy remained lower than that in the top layer of the paddy throughout the time course. Community diversity values were generally greater in the paddy top layer than in the paddy second layer across the six sampling periods, but periodic differences between the paddy and upland fields or between soil layers were not significant. During the flooding period, the F/(F + B) (13-37) and Enrichment Index (17-38) values were lower in the paddy than in the upland fields (32-47, 37-74, respectively) to reflect that bacteria dominate over fungi with slow decomposition due to anaerobic conditions in the flooded paddy field. In addition, particularly in the top layer, the Maturity (2.0-2.4) and Structure Index (23-72) values were greater in the paddy than in the upland fields (1.7-2.1, 9-15, respectively), indicating a well-developed ecosystem under water. These unique nematode communities persisted during the draining period, but there was a rapid increase in opportunistic bacterivores, which increased the EI values. We suggest that bactivorous nematodes in the families Cephalobidae and Chronogasteridae, herbivores in the genus Hirschmanniella, and fungivores in the genus Filenchus may be specific to paddy field soil rather than to pond and lake sediments.     

基于四属性的现代农产品加工模式构建及评价

中国农产品加工业整体经营过程控制粗放,主要靠生产要素的投入,还停留在以能源、原料的高消耗为代价取得的粗放式、速度型增长,所造成的直接和间接污染严重,通过构建科学、系统的现代农产品加工模式来指导行业发展意义重大。基于可持续发展、循环经济、产业生态学(工业生态学)、清洁生产等理论,提出农产品加工四属性,即原料价值属性、低碳加工属性、产业生态属性、产品市场属性。在此基础上,利用系统学的理论、工具和方法,获得在构建原料价值系统、低碳加工系统、产业生态系统、产品市场系统4个系统基础上耦合形成现代农产品加工模式的构建打下方法论的基础。按照科学性、简明性等原则,采用专家咨询法构建4个层次、21个指标的现代农产品加工模式实现度评价指标体系,运用层次分析法确定指标权重,利用模糊综合评价法对花生加工企业进行实证,结果为3.9871,与生产实际一致。该研究不仅对传统农产业加工行业转型升级具有较高借鉴价值,也为现代农业产业模式研究提供理论支撑。     

Conservation value of variable connectivity: aquatic invertebrate assemblages of channel and floodplain habitats of a central Australian arid-zone river, Cooper Creek

Rapidly expanding water resource development in arid and semi-arid zones of Australia threatens the flow regime and ecological integrity of the few large dryland rivers and their immense floodplains. Efforts to manage and conserve the surface waters of these rivers are hampered by limited scientific data on the ecology of their flora and fauna and on their responses to the high natural variability of flow regime that typifies dryland rivers. Irregular floods connect channel and floodplain wetlands to differing degrees and for varying periods of time but the ecological significance of this connectivity is poorly understood. On Cooper Creek, a large dryland river in central Australia, we explored the degree to which assemblage composition varied with connectivity and hydrological regime. Shortly after protracted regional flooding, we sampled aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages from the principal microhabitats in 12 channel and floodplain wetlands. Ephemeral and temporary lakes tended to have fewer taxa than semi-permanent channel or terminal lake habitats. Although hydrological connection had only recently been lost for some wetlands, there was already evidence of divergence in aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblage composition. Disruption of the natural variability in connectivity and hydrological regime by excessive water abstraction or river-flow regulation threatens the ecological integrity and aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity of dryland rivers. Preservation of the irregular flow regime and sporadic connectivity underpins conservation of the mosaic of floodplain wetlands that play such a crucial role in the ecosystem functioning of rivers such as Cooper Creek.     

肉制品发色剂研究进展

色泽是肉制品评定的一个重要因素。在肉制品中加入发色剂可使产品色泽良好,提高产品品质。传统肉制品中通常添加亚硝酸盐等作为发色剂,其严重威胁人体健康。通过综述肉制品发色剂的使用现状、新型肉制品的研发状况,展望肉制品发色剂的开发方向与前景。     

Supply Chain Coordination for Perishable Product with Dynamic Pricing Policy

Perishable products need to be sold up before a fix time which is usually called product's lifetime.As the salvage of perished products is almost zero,and the demand is uncertainty,retailers usually set the product's price dynamically to influence the demand.When retailer's dynamic pricing policy is considered,we wonder which contracts can realize the supply chain coordination.Three typical contracts-return contract,price discount contract and revenue sharing contract are analyzed.Only revenue sharing contract among the three can realize supply chain coordination under dynamic pricing policy.The extension of price discount policy quantity-price discount policy,can also realize supply chain coordination under dynamic pricing policy.