环境、稀土和基因型对小麦花培绿苗分化的影响

研究了环境、稀土和基因型对小麦花药培养绿苗分化率的影响,结果表明,绿苗分化率受环境、稀土含量及基因型的显著影响。稀土含量为1.5 mg/L时,不同基因型的小麦绿苗分化率都达到较高的水平。     

甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育系NCa花药发育的细胞学观察

 NCa不育系是从甘蓝型油菜与埃塞俄比亚芥的远缘杂交后代中选育出来的。利用光学显微镜和透射电镜对NCa不育系的花药发育过程进行了显微结构和超微结构观察。结果表明，NCa雄性败育发生于单核花粉晚期。其主要特点是：花粉母细胞可以通过减数分裂，四分体可以释放出小孢子，释放出的单核小孢子可以继续发育并在早期形成花粉壁，但是晚期单核花粉细胞质和细胞核相继降解，仅剩下含大液泡或内空的花粉壁；在四分体时期以前绒毡层与正常花药组织的无异，但随后细胞质开始逐渐小液泡化并最终解体。与已经研究过的其它油菜细胞质不育系相比，该不育系的败育时期相对较晚；其花药败育特点明显不同于已研究过的所有油菜胞质不育类型。     

阿蒂莫耶番荔枝人工授粉

阿蒂莫耶番荔枝(Axnona atemaya Hort)的花有雌蕊先熟现象。花药在傍晚6至8时裂开,人工授粉能提高座果率。其方法是用毛笔直接从花药自然裂开的花上取花粉并立即授在花药没裂开的花上,如果花药在授粉当日保持不裂开,3周后座果率为94.0％。如果花药在授粉后的短期内裂开,座果率为23.8％,与对照座果率(18.9％)没有差别,说明柱头容受性在花药裂开前的短期内完全消失。     

Genetic markers for doubled haploid response in barley

In order to analyse the genetic control of anther culture response in barley, a doubled-haploid (DH) population from the cross between a medium responsive cultivar ‘Dobla’ and the model cultivar ‘Igri’ was produced. A linkage map was constructed with 91 markers. A sub-population of 41 lines was characterised for different components of the anther culture response, and was used for quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. The vrs1 locus region on chromosome 2H, which determines inflorescence row type, was coincident with the largest putative QTL for number of embryos (nEMB) and albino plants. A region of chromosome 6H was associated with QTLs for nEMB and green plants. QTLs for number and percentage of green plants were located on the long arm of chromosome 5H. Therefore, new QTLs for main components of barley anther culture response were identified on chromosomes 2H, 5H and 6H, indicating that anther culture response in barley could be controlled by relative few genes of large effect. This work is a useful step towards the identification of new regions on the barley genome that could be associated with fundamental biological process implicated in the anther culture response.     

花药培养快速培育聚合抗3种水稻病害基因的新种质研究

为培育抗水稻白叶枯病、稻瘟病、条纹叶枯病3种病害的品种,保证水稻的稳产高产,利用花药培养与常规育种技术、分子标记辅助选择技术相结合,进行聚合抗3种病害的新种质研究。结果表明,用含有抗白叶枯病Xa23基因的BG152和含有抗稻瘟病Pi-1基因的R118分别与含抗条纹叶枯病Stvb-i基因的花育409进行有性杂交,共获得聚合双抗抗病基因的F0种子分别为180,105粒;鉴别真杂种后彼此再杂交,获得复交F0种子1 398粒。利用分子标记辅助选择技术,筛选出聚合抗3种病基因的杂合型单株52株,从中选择田间无病害的进行花药培养,经H0自然加倍,获得双倍体花培植株378株。经PCR检测,筛选出聚合3种抗病基因的花培H1株系14个;对其H2植株进行重复PCR与抗病鉴定,获得聚合3种抗病基因的花培材料所含的抗病基因能稳定遗传,抗病性鉴定有10份均表现为抗(R),且高效表达抗病。最后对水稻花药培养中存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了相应防治措施。     

小麦与多枝赖草耐盐纯合易位系的培育及GISH鉴定

以小麦与多枝赖草属间杂种花药培养获得的纯合后代纯系为材料，经过细胞学观察、田间选拔、抗性鉴定、综合农艺性状调查以及小区产量对比试验，从中初步筛选鉴定出具有外源耐盐性状、且农艺性状好的材料，再经分子标记(GISH)鉴定纯合易位系。表明花药培养可有效克服小麦远缘杂交后代的疯狂分离，并可促进染色体的结构变异，在短时间内获得大量具有丰富变异且可稳定遗传的后代，大大缩短了小麦远缘杂交导入外源基因的年限。     

Effects of donor plant temperature,photoperiod, and age on anther culture response of Capsicum annuum L.

Summary Effects of temperature and photoperiod for donor plant growth on embryo formation in Capsicum annuum anther culture were investigated. Donor plants were grown in glasshouses at minimum temperatures between 16 and 30° C and at photoperiods between 11 and 19 h. Anthers were collected from individual plants over five to nine week periods to test the significance of donor plant age. Embryos were obtained at all temperature regimes with a calculated optimum temperature of 26.4° C. Embryo formation was unaffected by the photoperiods tested. Embryo formation varied among successive samplings. However, a significant decline in anther culture response with increasing donor plant age was observed in all three experiments.Abbreviations AT average air temperature the week before anther incubation - EMB 100 1n (embryos per 100 anthers +1)     

利用花药培养和分子标记选择相结合改良水稻稻瘟病和褐飞虱抗性

保持系川香29B是籼型三系细胞胞质雄性不育保持系,具有配合力高、米质优良、开花习性好且有香味等特点,本研究用我室在前期利用川香29B培育华1971B (Pi1/Pi2)的基础之上,再以华2048B (Bph14/Bph15/Ri1/Pi2)为Bph14、Bph15供体亲本,利用分子标记辅助选择和花药培养相结合的方法对川...     

用花药培养筛选耐盐变异体培育小麦耐盐品种的新途径

１９８６－１９９１年，应用花药培养与耐盐变异体筛选相结合的方法，对小麦耐盐育种新途径进行了探索，研究结果表明，在小麦花药培养中，选择加入一定浓度的ＮａＣｌ的筛选培养基，可以筛选出耐盐变异体，获得耐盐花培株系，经５个有性世代的鉴定表明，耐盐变异体的耐盐特性可以稳定遗传给后代，经筛选的花培株系中，耐盐特性能够稳定遗传的株系比例约占１／４，应用于育种实践，经多点鉴定，选育出了一批有实用价值的种质材料和优     

石榴花药发育及解剖结构的研究

花药由4个花粉囊组成;花药壁的发育过程为双子叶型,纤维层强烈加厚,中层2层,腺质绒毡层。包裹四分体的胼胝质具“尾状”结构,可能是孢子体与配子体联系的通道。小孢子四分体呈四面体型,但也见两侧对称型;小孢子母细胞减数分裂时,胞质分裂通常为同时型。正常花粉粒为2细胞型;出现异常4核花粉和异常连体花粉,原因可能是树体长期营养不良和花芽发育期间短期低温刺激的综合作用。比较了雄、雌蕊发育进程及其与花芽形态的相关性。