角接触轴承的配置方式

由于常用的锁口在外圈的角接触轴承,配置方式可按两轴承外圈的宽窄边相对来划分;对锁口在内圈的单列角接触球轴承,由于其结构的特殊性,其配置方式不能按两轴承外圈的宽窄边相对来划分。为此,对单列角接触轴承的配置方式进行了探讨;并介绍了单列角接触轴承划分配置方式的统一方法。     

延边地区黑熊资源开发利用的现状及发展趋势

延边地区黑熊资源比较丰富，目前人工养殖数达3147头，占全国养殖数的27.4%，是本地区经济发展的支柱产业，仍有持续发展的趋势，本文分析了延边地区黑熊资源开发的现状及发展趋势，针对存在的问题进行了探讨，并提出了持续利用的建议。     

Mapping the potential distribution of five species of Passiflora in Andean countries

Geographic location data for 383 accessions of five Passiflora species from five Andean countries (P. cumbalensis, P. mixta, P. tripartita var. mollissima, P. natistipula, and P. manicata) were linked to interpolated continental surfaces of monthly mean rainfall, monthly mean temperature, and monthly mean diurnal temperature range. This permitted us to identify the potential distribution of each species and document its climatic adaptation. Maps are presented showing regions where the climate is similar to that in areas where each species has been found, but from which no collections have yet been made, thus representing possible geographical gaps in collections. Some species showed evidence of intra-specific variation in their climatic adaptation. The study of Passiflora diversity in Andean countries continues and these maps based on passport data are expected to be useful tools for the planning of both ex situ and in situ conservation activities.     

Landscape conditions predisposing grizzly bears to conflicts on private agricultural lands in the western USA

We used multiple logistic regression to model how different landscape conditions contributed to the probability of human-grizzly bear conflicts on private agricultural ranch lands. We used locations of livestock pastures, traditional livestock carcass disposal areas (boneyards), beehives, and wetland-riparian associated vegetation to model the locations of 178 reported human-grizzly bear conflicts along the Rocky Mountain East Front, Montana, USA during 1986-2001. We surveyed 61 livestock producers in the upper Teton watershed of north-central Montana, to collect spatial and temporal data on livestock pastures, boneyards, and beehives for the same period, accounting for changes in livestock and boneyard management and beehive location and protection, for each season. We used 2032 random points to represent the null hypothesis of random location relative to potential explanatory landscape features, and used Akaike’s Information Criteria (AIC/AIC_C) and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistics for model selection. We used a resulting “best” model to map contours of predicted probabilities of conflict, and used this map for verification with an independent dataset of conflicts to provide additional insights regarding the nature of conflicts. The presence of riparian vegetation and distances to spring, summer, and fall sheep or cattle pastures, calving and sheep lambing areas, unmanaged boneyards, and fenced and unfenced beehives were all associated with the likelihood of human-grizzly bear conflicts. Our model suggests that collections of attractants concentrated in high quality bear habitat largely explain broad patterns of human-grizzly bear conflicts on private agricultural land in our study area.     

论名茶承载的社会功能

名茶作为茶中珍品,不仅能带给人们良好的经济效益,而且在人类社会发展的各个阶段,它始终承载着重要的社会功能。名茶承载的社会功能,主要是交流功能、记忆功能、教育功能和审美功能。     

熊胆滴眼液对兔角膜烧伤和角膜翳的治疗实验研究

为研究熊胆滴眼液对角膜烧伤和角膜翳的治疗效果 ,采用“电热角膜瘢痕复制器”制作家兔角膜烧伤与斑模型 ,以生理盐水、去熊胆滴眼液、氯霉素眼药水和狄奥宁眼药水作对照 ,用熊胆滴眼液进行治疗实验。实验结果表明 :熊胆滴眼液对家兔角膜烧伤及并发结膜炎的治疗效果显著 ,优于去熊胆滴眼液和氯霉素眼药水 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;对角膜翳的治疗效果非常显著 ,优于去熊胆滴眼液和狄奥宁眼药水 (P<0 .0 1)。扫描电镜观察了熊胆滴眼液对角膜翳的治疗作用 ,结果显示 :治疗 2月后 ,角膜上皮细胞呈现更新速率较快的结构像 ,治疗 5月后 ,上皮细胞表面的微皱襞及微绒毛排列规则、细密 ,与正常角膜上皮细胞的超微结构相一致。表明复方熊胆滴眼液具有使角膜翳处的角膜上皮恢复正常的作用。     

小兴安岭南坡黑熊植物性食物营养分析

2007年4月～2008年11月,在小兴安岭南坡龙口自然保护区,共设置1725个小样方,收集黑熊春、夏、秋季可获得的植物性食物21种。并对其进行营养测定,得到黑熊植食性食物夏季的粗蛋白质含量最高,粗脂肪含量最低,秋季粗纤维含量最高。对营养含量进行差异性检验,结果表明：粗脂肪含量在春夏季和夏秋季差异均显著（P〈0.05）,其他营养含量各季节之间差异均不显著。     

马来熊胆囊癌一例

苏州市动物园1只25岁雌性马来熊(Helarctos malayanus)于2019年9月18日起腹围缓慢增大,治疗6周后,于2019年11月4日死亡。解剖发现有胸腔积液、腹腔积液、肝硬化、胆结石等组织病变,送检病变组织样本。化验报告:心肌轻度萎缩,肾间质慢性炎细胞浸润,肝脏、胆囊、肺脏病理切片显示大量癌栓/转移性低分化腺癌;胆汁、胸腔积液和腹腔积液中均分离出大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和迟钝爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)2种细菌;诊断为结石性胆囊癌引起的渗出性腹水。在野生动物中,临床表现为腹水的胆囊癌较为少见,马来熊相关文献资料缺乏,本文将记述该动物的病程,解剖及检查结果,以供大家参考。     

Wound healing during hibernation by black bears (Ursus americanus) in the wild: elicitation of reduced scar formation

Even mildly hypothermic body or limb temperatures can retard healing processes in mammals. Despite this, we observed that hibernating American black bears (Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780) elicit profound abilities in mounting inflammatory responses to infection and/or foreign bodies. In addition, they resolve injuries during hibernation while maintaining mildly hypothermic states (30-35 °C) and without eating, drinking, urinating or defecating. We describe experimental studies on free-ranging bears that document their abilities to completely resolve cutaneous cuts and punctures incurred during or prior to hibernation. We induced small, full-thickness cutaneous wounds (biopsies or incisions) during early denning, and re-biopsied sites 2-3 months later (near the end of denning). Routine histological methods were used to characterize these skin samples. All biopsied sites with respect to secondary intention (open circular biopsies) and primary intention (sutured sites) healed, with evidence of initial eschar (scab) formation, completeness of healed epidermis and dermal layers, dyskeratosis (inclusion cysts), and abilities to produce hair follicles. These healing abilities of hibernating black bears are a clear survival advantage to animals injured before or during denning. Bears are known to have elevated levels of hibernation induction trigger (delta-opioid receptor agonist) and ursodeoxycholic acid (major bile acid within plasma, mostly conjugated with taurine) during hibernation, which may relate to these wound-healing abilities. Further research as to the underlying mechanisms of wound healing during hibernation could have applications in human medicine. Unique approaches may be found to improve healing for malnourished, hypothermic, diabetic and elderly patients or to reduce scarring associated with burns and traumatic injuries.     

人工饲养黑熊初生幼体体重增长研究

对9只人工饲养的黑熊幼体体重变化数据进行分析,揭示了人工饲养条件下黑熊幼体体重变化的基本规律。通过对比成活黑熊和死亡黑熊的体重变化,提出了人工饲养黑熊幼体的建议。