改性核桃壳处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的效果

[目的]研究改性核桃壳对含六价铬[Cr(Ⅵ)]废水的吸附效果,为核桃壳资源化开发利用提供新途径.[方法J以废弃核桃壳为原料,采用磷酸改性法制备核桃壳基吸附材料,通过扫描电镜(SEM)和红外光谱仪(FTIR)表征材料结构,并考察溶液初始pH、改性核桃壳投加量、吸附时间等因素对改性核桃壳处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水效果的影响,同时研究改性核桃壳对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附过程的动力学模型和等温线模型.[结果]改性后核桃壳表面更粗糙且多孔,官能团结构改变;在Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度100 mg/L、改性核桃壳投加量1.0 g、溶液pH 2.0的条件下吸附处理180 min,改性核桃壳对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附率达99.65%,高于未改性核桃壳的吸附率(43.64%);改性核桃壳的废水处理过程符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附式.[结论]采用磷酸改性法制备的改性核桃壳对Cr(Ⅵ)有较强的吸附能力,且操作简单、反应条件易于控制,可用于含Cr(Ⅵ)废水处理.     

高温高压蒸汽改性落叶松木材力学性能预测模型的建立

利用RBF神经网络和支持向量机两种算法建模,分析落叶松高温高压蒸汽改性工艺参数与其力学性能关系;以落叶松热处理的温度、相对湿度、处理时间3个主要工艺参数作为网络输入,建立了RBF神经网络和支持向量机预测模型,并对两者进行比较。结果表明:支持向量机模型,在网络建立结构、收敛速度和泛化能力上更具优势。     

别隐品碱衍生物的合成及其生物活性

【目的】测定别隐品碱化合物抗植物病原真菌和杀灭兔痒螨的活性,为后续结构优化和药品研发提供依据。【方法】以从博落回中分离的别隐品碱为原药,对其十元氮杂环进行结构修饰,合成了12种衍生物A1～A12,采用质谱(ESI-MS)、核磁共振谱(1 H NMR和13 C NMR)对其结构进行表征。以嘧菌酯为阳性对照,采用菌丝生长速率法,测定50μg/mL目标化合物对6种常见植物病原真菌(苹果腐烂病菌(Valsa mali)、番茄早疫病菌(Alternaria solani)、小麦赤霉病菌(Fusarium graminearum)、玉米弯孢病菌(Curvularia lunata)、马铃薯干腐病菌(Fusarium solani)、水稻稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia oryza))的体外抗菌活性;采用浸虫法检测5mg/mL目标化合物对兔痒螨(Psoroptes cuniculi)的体外杀灭活性。【结果】确认了12种别隐品碱衍生物的结构,它们对供试菌均具有不同程度的抑制活性,对兔痒螨具有一定的杀灭活性。其中,以化合物A11的抑菌活性和杀螨活性最高,其对苹果腐烂病菌的抑制率达73.28%,对兔痒螨的致死率达61.55%。【结论】原药别隐品碱十元氮杂环上的羰基被还原成羟基后,不仅提高了其抗菌活性和杀螨活性,同时也拓宽了其抗菌谱。     

BS-DTAB复配修饰红壤对苯酚的吸附

为了探究复配修饰后,可变电荷类型的红壤与恒电荷土壤对苯酚的吸附差异,以红壤作为供试土样,在两性表面活性剂BS-12(十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱)修饰的基础上,以阳离子型表面活性剂DTAB(十二烷基三甲基溴化铵)复配修饰制备两性-阳离子复配修饰红壤,采用批处理法研究在单一苯酚及Cd2+复合条件下供试土样对苯酚的吸附效果,并分析不同修饰比例、温度、离子强度和pH的影响。结果表明,DTAB复配修饰增强了BS-12两性修饰红壤对苯酚的吸附能力,单一苯酚表现出在总修饰比例小于150%CEC时吸附量随着修饰比例的增加而递增;各修饰土对苯酚的吸附具有增温负效应;苯酚吸附量随着pH的升高而降低;随着离子强度的增大,苯酚单一处理时供试土样对苯酚吸附量减少,但苯酚和Cd2+复合处理时,则呈现先降低后升高的趋势。Henry模型能较好地拟合各修饰红壤对苯酚吸附的等温吸附数据,吸附以分配机制为主;供试土样对苯酚的吸附属于自发的物理吸附过程。复配修饰红壤的苯酚吸附量低于恒电荷土壤,其黏土矿物成分决定的低CEC是主要影响因素。     

膨润土改性及对水中Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能的研究

目的 提高膨润土对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附性能。方法 采用氢氧化钠和壳聚糖对膨润土进行改性,分别得到碱改性膨润土（B-NaOH）、壳化膨润土（B-CS）和壳化碱改性膨润土（B-NaOH-CS）。以钠基膨润土（B）为对照,利用红外光谱仪、扫描电镜和比表面积分析仪表征3种改性膨润土的理化性质,研究其对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附性能。结果 B-NaOH-CS中出现了强N—H吸收峰以及增强的C—H对称弯曲峰,同时B-NaOH-CS表面片状结构卷曲分散,层间孔隙增多,比表面积是其他膨润土的1.2倍以上。当Cr（Ⅵ）质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1时,B-NaOH-CS对Cr（Ⅵ）的平衡吸附量为1.03 mg·g^-1,分别是B-CS、B-NaOH的1.26、1.84倍。描述膨润土吸附Cr（Ⅵ）的动力学过程,准二级动力学模型优于准一级动力学模型;描述膨润土吸附Cr（Ⅵ）的热力学过程,Langmuir等温模型优于Freundlich等温模型。热力学参数△H>0、△G<0、△S>0,表明膨润土吸附Cr（Ⅵ）为吸热、自发、无序反应。B-NaOH在pH=7.0时对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附量最大,B-CS、B-NaOH-CS在pH = 3.0时对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附量最大。结论 B-NaOH-CS对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附效果最好,改性膨润土对去除Cr（Ⅵ）污染有重要作用。     

参数可变自适应遗传算法在军事地形图矢量化中的应用

针对纸制军事地图矢量化问题进行研究，提出一种基于自适应遗传算法的军事地形图矢量化方法，并在生成新的个体后，增加个体修正操作，提高个体的适应度。在该算法中，提出一种即考虑进化代数对算法的影响，又考虑到每代不同个体适应度作用的自适应交叉概率和变异概率。通过与传统方法的实验比较，证明该方法的可用性和有效性。     

Bacteriophage OP1, lytic for Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, changes its host range by duplication and deletion of the small domain in the deduced tail fiber gene

The entire genome of bacteriophage OP₁, lytic for Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causing bacterial leaf blight of rice, and the partial genomes of related phages were sequenced and analyzed. The OP₁ genome comprises double-stranded, 4785-bp long DNA with 51.1% G + C content. Fifty-nine open reading frames (ORFs) were detected. ORF25 had similarity with the tail fiber gene of phages, whose product is related to host specificity. The ORF25 regions were amplified from four host-range mutants (OP_1h, OP_1hC, OP_1h2, and OP_1h2C) by polymerase chain reaction, and their deduced amino acid sequences were compared. Three mutants (OP_1hC, OP_1h2, OP_1h2C) had duplications of a small domain in the N-terminal portion, although there were slight differences in the position of the duplicated sequences. One mutant OP_1h had substituted amino acids in the duplication region. New mutants isolated in the laboratory (OP_1hC and OP_1h2C from OP₁ and OP_1h2) acquired the ability to lyse strain N5874 belonging to phagovar (lysotype) C. However, they rapidly lost this lytic ability when incubated with other phagovars. This loss was always accompanied by a loss of the characteristic repeats, suggesting that the host range of OP₁-related phages changed mainly through duplication and deletion of a small domain in ORF25. The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession numbers AP008979, AB214312 to AB214316     

Research Progress of Epigenetics Modification in the Process of Skeletal Muscle Cell Proliferation and Differentiation

Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue and the main component of muscle in animals.The process of skeletal muscle cell's proliferation and differentiation is the basis of muscle development and it's directly affects the meat production performance of domestic animals.It has been found that epigenetic modification plays an important role in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle cells.In this study,the effects of epigenetics on skeletal muscle in terms of the effects of DNA methylation on the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle cells,the selection and expression of factors regulated by histone acetylation,the regulation of non-coding RNA,and the effects of chromosome remodeling.Research progress in the process of muscle cell proliferation and differentiation,briefly describes the effects of different modification methods and factors on the two processes of skeletal muscle proliferation and differentiation.At the same time,the methods and means used by predecessor in the study of skeletal muscle proliferation and differentiation were reviewed,and then the role of apparent regulatory factors in skeletal muscle growth was analyzed.The purpose was to further explain the important role of epigenetic modification in the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle,enhanced the understanding of the regulation of skeletal muscle proliferation and differentiation,provided a reference path for integration with animal production,and also provided skeletal muscle.Molecular regulation of such as growth and development provided more reference materials.     

人参总皂苷及其衍生物对小鼠淋巴细胞和NK细胞免疫活性的影响

为了提高人参总皂苷的生物学活性,对其进行了硫酸化修饰,并探讨总皂苷及其衍生物对小鼠脾T、B淋巴细胞增殖（MTT法）和NK细胞杀伤活性（乳酸脱氢酶释放法）的影响。结果表明,2种衍生物质量浓度在50～500 mg/L时可以促进小鼠脾T、B淋巴细胞的分化增殖和NK细胞对YAC-1的杀伤作用,质量浓度较高时促进作用明显优于总皂苷;衍生物质量浓度达到1 400 mg/L时,仍然可以显著促进T淋巴细胞的增殖。试验结果提示,人参皂苷的这种衍生物有可能成为一种毒副作用较小、免疫活性更强的药物。     

Improvement of wood properties by composite of diatomite and “phenol-melamine-formaldehyde” co-condensed resin

We improved the overall performance of fast-growing poplar by utilizing a low-cost, effective and simple method. The fast-growing poplar was modified by a vacuum-pressure impregnation method with three...