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121.
分别以十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷(HDS)和1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟十七烷三甲基氧硅烷(FDS)为改性剂、乙醇/水溶液为分散介质,采用浸渍法和喷雾法对杨木纤维(PWF)表面改性,制得HDS浸渍改性杨木纤维(HPWF)、FDS浸渍改性杨木纤维(FPWF1)和FDS喷雾改性杨木纤维(FPWF2)。考察了溶剂配比、硅烷用量、硅烷水解温度和时间、反应温度及反应时间等因素对PWF表面改性效果的影响,并通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、接触角测量、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线能谱(EDS)及扫描电镜(SEM)等方法表征了改性前后PWF的结构与表面性能,结果表明:在乙醇质量分数60%乙醇/水溶液中以HDS与PWF活性羟基物质的量比0.4∶1、HDS于60℃水解1 h,再与PWF于60℃反应1 h,所得HPWF的表面接触角达139°;在乙醇质量分数50%乙醇/水溶液中以FDS与PWF活性羟基物质的量比0.16∶1、FDS于60℃水解1 h,再与PWF于60℃反应1 h,所得FPWF1的表面接触角达141°;FDS与PWF活性羟基物质的量比0.008∶1,经喷雾搅拌使纤维表面润湿后于120℃活化反应1.5 h,所得FPWF2的表面接触角达138°。与浸渍法相比,喷雾法具有硅烷用量小、工艺简单、清洁高效等特点。此外,改性后杨木纤维的结晶度提高(由62.1%提高到67.7%~69.7%),表面变得粗糙,比表面积增加,表面极性降低,疏水性能显著提高,有利于改善与疏水性基体树脂的界面相容性与粘结作用。 相似文献
122.
研究了一种利用硬脂酸对纳米二氧化钛(Nano-TiO_2)和纤维素纳米纤维(CNF)复合物进行有机表面修饰的新方法,主要包括纳米二氧化钛、纤维素纳米纤维的制备和利用硬脂酸对Nano-TiO_2/CNF复合体系进行有机表面修饰制得超疏水材料三个工艺过程。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)和场发射扫描电子镜(SEM)等对所得的样品进行表征,得出硬脂酸中的—COOH基团与TiO_2/CNF复合体系表面的—OH基团发生脱水反应,并将疏水性—CH_3基团引入复合体系中,复合体系表面构建的纳米级粗糙结构协同体系内引入的疏水基团使最终产物具有超疏水性。 相似文献
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Molecular wheat breeding by direct gene transfer 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
A method for efficient genetic transformation of wheat has been developed using immature embryos as targets for microprojectile-mediated
gene transfer and a helium driven particle delivery system. Screening and selection of transgenic cells, somatic embryos and
regenerated plants are performed with the gus-gene and the phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (bar) gene coding for Basta-resistance
as the selectable marker. On average, one fertile transgenic plant can be obtained from about 100 microprojectile treated,
immature embryos. The number of integrated copies of the transferred gene ranges from 1 up to about 10. Stable integrated
genes are inherited in most of the transgenic lines in a normal mendelian fashion segregating 3:1 in the F2. Homozygous, as well as heterozygous, lines have been followed and analysed genetically at the molecular level and up to
F5. Apart from normal stable gene expression, examples have also been found which showed a loss of gene activity or unexpected
segregation pattern. For applied aspects, different genes are transferred aiming for improved disease resistance, modification
of quality, or other characteristics. First results from these transgenic lines are reported, and problems still existing
with the production of stable transgenic wheat lines are discussed.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
128.
平面二次包络环面蜗杆副的失配修形 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
提出平面二次包络环面蜗杆副失配啮合分析的两种新方法:齿面相切法和齿面零间隙法。失配平面二次包络环面蜗杆副啮合分析表明:I型传动对误差不十分敏感,但同时接触齿数少;标准型和Ⅱ型传动对误差十分敏感。本文提出失配修形法,用标准蜗杆与由Ⅱ型滚刀加工的蜗轮失配啮合,使蜗杆副初装时对误差不敏感,跑合后得到良好的接触质量。 相似文献
129.
K. D. Sharma Praveen Kumar L. P. Gough J. R. Sanfilipo 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2004,15(2):163-176
Extensive lignite mining in the Indian (Thar) Desert commenced within the past decade. Accompanying extraction of this valuable resource there have been visible, important environmental impacts. The resultant land degradation has prompted concern from both public and regulatory bodies. This research assesses the success of rehabilitation plans implemented to revegetate a lignite mine‐disturbed area, near the village of Giral in western Rajasthan State. Rehabilitation success was achieved within the environmental constraints of this northwest Indian hot‐desert ecosystem using a combination of: (1) backfilling (abandoned pits) with minespoil and of covering the backfilled‐surfaces with fresh topsoil to a thickness of about 0·30 m; (2) use of micro‐catchment rainwater harvesting (MCWH) technique; (3) soil profile modification approaches; (4) plant establishment methodologies; and (5) the selection of appropriate germplasm material (trees, shrubs and grasses). Preliminary results indicate that the resulting vegetative cover will be capable of self‐perpetuation under natural conditions while at the same time meeting the land‐use requirements of the local people. The minespoil is alkaline in nature and has high electrical conductance. The average content of organic carbon, N, P and K is lower than in the regional topsoil. However, the concentration of Ca, Mg, Na and total S in the minespoil is much higher than in the topsoil. Further, the spoil material has no biological activity. Enhanced plant growth was achieved in MCWH plots, compared to control plots, where minespoil moisture storage was improved by 18–43 per cent. The rehabilitation protocol used at the site appears to have been successful because, in addition to the planted species, desirable native invasive species have become established. This study developed methods for the rehabilitation of lignite mine‐disturbed areas and has also resulted in an understanding of rehabilitation processes in arid regions with an emphasis on the long‐term monitoring of rehabilitation success. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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