吐温-80对液氮冷冻处理的双歧杆菌的冻伤保护

向双歧杆菌培养基中添加吐温-80，可增加双歧杆菌的细胞膜柔韧性和弹性。经液氮冷冻处理24h后，测定双歧杆菌细胞漏出液中乳酸脱氢酶的活力，结果表明添加吐温-80，可显著降低细胞培养液中的乳酸脱氢酶的漏出率（p〈0．05），其中以添加0．025％吐温-80的效果尤为明显。     

Catecholamine and cortisol responses of horses to incremental exertion

The responses of the plasma concentrations of catecholamines and cortisol in horses to varied relative intensities of exertion were examined. The plasma concentrations of cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine increased significantly (p<0.05) with exertion. The plasma cortisol concentrations at relative work intensities of 48.3%±1.4%, 82.3%±2.0% and 99.6%±0.4% of VO_2max were 114%, 124%, and 126%, respectively, of those at rest, whereas the plasma epinephrine concentrations were 239%, 772% and 3483%, and the norepinephrine concentrations were 138%, 255%, and 1121% of the values at rest. There was a significant (p<0.0001) relationship between the plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. The blood lactate concentration and the plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were significantly (p<0.0001) related, as were the relative work intensity (%VO_2max) and the plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. The relationships between the plasma cortisol concentration and work intensity or blood lactate concentration were not significant (p>0.05). This study demonstrates a relationship between relative work intensity and indicators of adrenal medullary and sympathetic activity during brief exertion in horses.     

Comparison of uptake of different N forms by soil microorganisms and two wet-grassland plants: A pot study

Two common plant species of temperate wet grasslands, Carex acuta and Glyceria maxima, were tested for their preferences in the uptake of different nitrogen (N) sources (amino acid, ammonium, nitrate) and their ability to compete for these sources with soil microorganisms. The experiment was a one-day incubation study with plants growing in soil obtained from the field, which was supplied with a solution containing the three N sources, one at a time labeled with ¹⁵N. The bulk of the N demand of both species was covered by nitrate-N, which was the dominant N form in the soil at the time of the experiment. Ammonium-N was taken up less strongly, and organic N formed only a negligible part of their nutrition. The assimilated inorganic N was preferentially transported to apical meristem of the youngest leaf, while organic N remained mostly in the roots. The fast-growing Glyceria took up more N and was a better competitor vis-à-vis soil microbes for rarer N forms than Carex. However, both plants were poor competitors for N vis-à-vis soil microbes, irrespective of the N form. Microbes took up nitrate ca. five times faster and organic N more than a hundred times faster than plants. Correspondingly, the calculated turnover time of microbial N was 17 days, compared to 40 days for N in plant roots. A significant amount of added ¹⁵N was found at non-exchangeable sites in the soil, which points to the importance of microbial N transformation and abiotic N fixation for N retention in soil. In summary, the preferential assimilation of inorganic N by the wetland plants studied here and their poor ability to compete for N with soil microbes over the short term agree with the results of studies carried out with other species from temperate grasslands.     

Bracken effects on inorganic nitrogen leaching from an upland podzol

Leaching of inorganic N species to stream waters from upland areas of the UK is increasing, reflecting the increases in atmospheric deposition of nitrogen species due to increased levels of vehicular emissions. Bracken cover in UK uplands is also increasing overall ( Taylor, 1986 ), and the architectural nature of bracken has been shown to both increase deposition of atmospheric constituents to soils and change their chemical and physical nature. We have tested the nutrient status of upland podzols from the Lake District, Cumbria, UK, from under both moorland grass and bracken. The results show reduced levels of base cations and nitrate throughout the profile and decreases in the organic matter content of surface horizons as a consequence of bracken encroachment. We also report increased ammonium concentrations in lower soil horizons under bracken, possibly leading to increased leaching to stream waters. These results suggest either increased leaching of soil nutrients due to bracken encroachment or increased storage of nutrients within the bracken rhizome system. Results also suggest changes in either microbial activity or the microbial community of podzols, possibly due to the allelopathic nature of bracken. This may have caused changes in the soil nutrient dynamics, possibly accounting for some of the changes seen. We hypothesize that increased bracken cover within the British uplands has the potential to increase leaching of inorganic nitrogen to upland streams.     

季铵盐类化合物(QAC)在木材防腐中的应用

主要综述了季铵盐类化合物(QAC)在用作木材防腐剂时的耐腐性、抗流失性及其与木材的结合机理等方面的研究概况,分析了实验室耐腐性和野外实验耐腐性结果不一致的原因。此外也介绍了对季铵盐进行改性处理方面的一些研究进展。     

聚苯乙烯-异氰尿酸树脂化合成乳酸酯

用交联聚苯乙烯-异氰尿酸树脂催化乳酸与正丁醇的酯化反应,发现虽然该树脂的酸性与羧酸相近,但能有效地催化酯化反应,并由此提出了氢键促进催化的反应机理.     

不同铵硝配比对辣椒产量、养分积累和氮肥利用率的影响

通过设施大棚辣椒盆栽试验,设置不施氮肥(CK)、铵态氮与硝态氮的氮质量比分别为0:100(A0N100)、25:75(A25N75)、50:50(A50N50)、100:0(A100N0)5个处理,研究不同铵硝态氮配比对辣椒产量、养分积累和氮肥利用率的影响.结果表明,与CK相比,不同铵硝配比处理增加了辣椒的果实数、鲜果...     

Hormonal regulation of metabolism in hepatocytes of the ureogenic teleostopsanus beta

Short-term exposure of isolated toadfish hepatocytes to high concentrations (100 nM) of glucagon, glucagon-like peptide (GLP) or epinephrine significantly increases the rate of lactate gluconeogenesis (1.3-fold) and glycogenolysis (5- to 7-fold). Half-maximal responsiveness to GLP is reached at about 2 nM for gluconeogenesis and 6 nM for glycogenolysis, while the value for glycogenolysis activated by catfish glucagon is 28 nM. Cells do not to respond to 5 nM epinephrine. Norepinephrine, urotensin II and leucine-enkephalin, each applied at 100 nM, increase the rate of glycogenolysis by 1.3 to 1.5-fold. All other hormones tested (vasotocin, isotocin, VIP, methionine-enkephalin, ovine prolactin, -endorphin, APY, salmon insulin) failed to affect metabolic flux through glycogenolysis or gluconeogenesis. None of the hormones altered the rate of urea synthesis or the rate of lactate oxidation by hepatocytes. Although toadfish hepatocytes are responsive to hormonal stimuli, they do not appear to be a useful model to study evolutionary trends in short-term hormonal regulation of urea synthesis. However, the obvious differences in mechanisms of control of urea synthesis in this species compared with ureogenic amphibians and mammals open an intriguing avenue for research.     

增铵对小白菜生长和叶绿素含量的影响

在营养液中添加一定量的铵态氮能提高作物生物量和叶绿素含量。为研究增铵对植物生长及叶绿素含量的影响机理,采用了6个NO3-∶NH4 浓度比为5·0∶0·0、5·0∶2·5、5·0∶5·0、5·0∶7·5、5·0∶10·0和0·0∶5·0的处理对小白菜进行培养试验。结果表明,在5mmolL-1硝态氮存在时,适当添加一定量的铵态氮(2·5mmolL-1)小白菜生物量和叶面积分别增加39·6%和16·3%,叶面积与生物量显著相关(r=0·941,p<0·01)。营养液中铵态氮浓度与叶片SPAD值、活性铁及叶绿体蛋白质含量均显著相关,相关系数r分别为0·914、0·954和0·964。适当提高铵态氮浓度增加小白菜产量的机制在于其促进了叶片扩展,提高了总光合面积,其原因可能是适当提高铵态氮浓度促进了叶片细胞分裂。进一步研究表明,提高铵态氮浓度提高叶绿素含量的原因,可能在于其促进了小白菜体内全铁的再利用,从而提高了叶片活性铁含量和叶绿体蛋白质含量。     

紫色土壤氮素不同流失形式的比较研究

土壤氮素流失形式及其量化研究是农业小流域氮素管理及流失过程模拟的核心内容之一,以紫色土区3个具有不同地形和土地利用方式的典型农业小流域为研究对象,比较研究了区域土壤氮素在降雨侵蚀过程中流失的主要形式。结果表明,紫色土区土壤氮素以硝态氮为主要流失形式,其流失浓度一般占硝态氮和铵态氮总浓度的80%以上,农田利用为主流域的则高达90%以上。氮素流失的平均浓度因流域土地利用类型的差异而显著不同,农田的一般为(5.36±2.13)mg/L,而非农田利用的变化在1.70~3.15mg/L之间。农田硝态氮的精确管理应作为减控流域土壤氮素非点源流失的关键措施。