高寒草甸植物根际溶磷菌的筛选鉴定及其溶磷与促生效果

为获得高寒草甸根际土中优良溶磷菌资源,本研究从青海省高寒草甸根际土中筛选了4株溶磷菌,结合16S rRNA基因分析法确定其分类地位,并通过钼锑抗比色法和盆栽试验进行了溶磷与促生效果的研究。结果显示：4株溶磷菌均为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.),均可形成明显的溶磷圈。在无机磷液体培养基中培养7d后,4株菌株的磷增量在156.17~511.33μg·mL^-1之间;溶磷过程中4株菌均分泌多种有机酸,总有机酸量在522.36~986.69mg·L^-1之间;盆栽试验表明4株菌均能显著增加披碱草(Elymus dahuricus Turcz.)株高和地上部干重;菌株MXSC5,MXSC6和MQC13可使植株全氮、全磷含量增加,且4株菌株对土壤速效氮、速效磷含量也有正向影响。本研究结果将有助于进一步探究溶磷菌对植物的促生作用及微生物菌肥的开发利用。     

The carbon budget of an adult <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus cembra</Emphasis> tree at the alpine timberline in the Central Austrian Alps

We investigated carbon (C) uptake and respiratory losses of an adult Pinus cembra tree at the alpine timberline throughout an entire year by means of an automated, multiplexing gas exchange system. These chamber measurements were then combined with biomass data for scaling up the C budget to the tree level. Integrated over an entire year, the cumulative C gain of the tree under study was 23.5 kg of C in 2002. The daily C balance was negative for 5 months and the estimated total wintertime respiratory losses were 9% of the amount of C fixed during the growing season. The total annual C loss of the tree consumed 55% of the annual net C gain and the remaining surplus was stored in new tissues (36%) and used for fine root growth (9%). Thus, the overall C budget of P. cembra at the upper timberline is balanced fairly well, although the C sink strength in fine roots is strongly limited owing to low root zone temperatures when compared to conifers at lower elevation sites.     

滇西北高山针叶林区主要林型下外生菌根真菌的分布

1985年和1986年,我们在云南西北部高山针叶林内,采用标准地调查和路线踏查相结合的方法,在杜鹃-冷杉林等7个主要林型中进行了外生菌根真菌调查。经对采集标本的鉴定,计有33个属约140余种外生菌根真菌。它们在各种林型下的分布有着一定的规律。其种类组成和分布的多度与林木的组成、土壤和地形条件,如海拔高度、坡向、坡度等有密切的关系。     

高寒山区荒坡建立丰产苹果园试验成果初报

在威宁的高寒山区,经过采用撩壕整地、高标准栽植、引进红富士和新红星等新品种、加强病虫害管理等措施建立的苹果园,经过观测,提高了园地肥力,增强了保水保肥能力,促进了地上树体的发育,第3年结果植株达到70%,第4年达95%,第5年全部结果,株均产量3kg,第10年以后每hm2平均产量已达到7500～15000kg,达到了优质丰产的目的.     

Spatial pattern of soil carbon and nutrient storage at the alpine tundra ecosystem of Changbai Mountain,China

气候变化对土壤碳和养分的影响越来越受到生态学家的关注,尤其是对高山冻原生态系统的影响。本研究目的是长白山高山冻原系统土壤碳和养分的空间异质性。结果表明:不同土层深度的土壤碳在Meadow alpine tundra vegetation (MA)中显著地高于其他植被类型(p<0.05);在每一植被类型中,表层(010 cm)碳含量显著地高于1020 cm的土层;土壤氮的分布格局是氮素在表层和1020 cm土层变化规律相似;不同土层深度的土壤磷在Lithic alpine tundra vegetation (LA) 中显著地低于其他植被类型(p<0.05);土壤钾浓度在Felsenmeer alpine tundra vegetation (FA) 和LA中显著地高于其他植被类型,但在每一植被类型中土壤钾浓度随土壤深度没有明显的变化;不同深度土壤硫在MA中显著地高度其他植被类型;对每一植被类型而言,C: N, C: P, C: K 和C: S随土壤深度增加而降低。除了在SA的表层外,表层的土壤C: N高于1020 cm的土层。在长白山高山冻原系统中,随植被类型的变化,土壤碳和养分储量有着显著的空间异质性。参29表3图1。     

高寒地区燕麦籽粒糖降解和淀粉积累动态分析

为探讨高寒地区燕麦花后籽粒中糖降解和淀粉积累特点,分析了2个品种花后籽粒中糖降解和淀粉积累动态。结果表明籽粒中淀粉均呈"S"型曲线增长,花后6~15d可溶性糖转化速率较高,淀粉积累速率较快,其后可溶性糖转化速率和淀粉积累速率较低,可溶性糖处于动态平衡中。     

瓠瓜高山栽培品种比较试验

比较分析了2种类型的6个瓠瓜品种在杭州高山露地栽培条件下的生育期、商品性和产量等性状指标。试验结果表明,长棒形品种以浙蒲6号和越蒲2号综合性状优良,在杭州高山地区具有极大推广前景。中棒形品种以浙蒲8号商品性较好,但产量相对偏低,可通过进一步研究其配套栽培技术来提高产量促进推广应用;越蒲1号目前不适合杭州市场消费习惯,但产量高,可作为外销储备品种。     

遥感技术在高寒草甸及其退化草地上的应用研究

利用ＴＭ、ＳＰＯＴ卫片以及１９８５年、１９９７年２年地面观测资料．经遥感影像综合评判和ＱＩＳ表据处理．查明了达日县建设乡高寒草甸及其退化草地的面积。并得出以下结论：①卫片解译可以辩别退化草地和未退化草地；②沙丘和冲沟侵蚀一般无法与其它形式的退化草地相区别；③卫片可区分出草甸、灌丛和沼泽这３个草地类；④人沟管理的植被区只有在植被特征发生了显著的改观，才可以用遥感技术鉴别；⑤在草地规划和管理中，应用卫片具有很大的潜力。     

论青海高寒草甸草地啮齿动物的种群类型及危害损失

根据青海省草原保护工作者多年的调查研究资料,论述了高寒草甸草地啮齿动物的种群类型,并从采食牧草、挖掘活动、环境污染等多方面论述了鼠形动物惊人的危害损失。     

Habitat use of the three-toed woodpecker in central Europe during the breeding period

Considerable differences observed in the home-range size of individual three-toed woodpeckers (Picoides tridactylus) may be linked to variation in resource availability. We used radio-telemetry to test this hypothesis in an alpine mountain forest in southeastern Germany between 1994 and 2000. Stepwise backward multiple-regression showed that adaptive kernel home-range size using 95% use distribution (n=24 woodpeckers) was positively related to forest extent and tree-species diversity. Conversely, we found smaller home ranges with increasing density of potential cavity trees, and with increasing dbh-range of trees at breast height. The habitat variables shown to effect home range selection were attributes of mature boreal forests. This implied that maintaining a boreal-like habitat (i.e. spruce-dominated autochthonous forests including their natural disturbance regime) would be the best option for successful conservation of the alpine subspecies of the three-toed woodpecker.