Influence analysis of fuel quality on engine emission performance

Quality, composition, and characteristics of fuel from 7 areas of P. R. China were analyzed. Fuel quality factors influencing engine emission performance were studied. Using fuel from the HuaZhong and XiNan areas, engine COx, HC, and NOx emissions were tested by adjusting the excess air coefficient and the advanced ignition angle. In light of the characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbon and alkenes of fuel from different areas in P. R. China, we have shown engines can operate smoothly and engine emissions can be decreased when the excess air coefficient and the advanced ignition angle are properly adjusted.     

对公路、桥梁工程质量问题及其预探浅析

本文作者从管理和施工两个方面对公路、桥梁工程质量问题及其预防控制措施进行了较全面的论述。     

无人机森林航摄影像三维点云估测林分蓄积量研究

森林蓄积量能够评估林地生产力的高低及经营措施的效果,为森林经营与采伐提供重要依据。目前,大多基于无人机影像的蓄积量估算,均建立在测绘标准所生成的DOM、DSM、DEM等测绘成果基础上,而未充分利用原始影像数据上的林业特征,无法从点云层面上加入林业业务逻辑产生成果数据。获取无人机影像后,利用特征点提取与匹配方法自动相对定向,结合控制点和光束法平差的迭代求解,解算出精确的相机姿态数据,并沿核线方向一维搜索特征点进行影像密集匹配生成密集点云。对原始三维点云过滤后进行树冠分割,在聚类后的林冠点云中提取了树顶点和树高因子估测了森林蓄积量。研究结果表明,冠幅的提取精度85.15%,树高的提取精度83.69%,林分蓄积量估算的精度达到了82.46%。     

促进我国汽车检修行业发展的模块化仿真

本文以汽车检修企业为例分析了集中优化的必要性和重要性，利用模糊数学综合评判理论的基本原理和方法，建立优化的数学模型，阐明优化检修企业的具体方法和步骤，并应用有关数据进行分析和验证，说明集中优化汽车检修企业具有广阔的发展前景。     

Microclimate within beech stands—part II: thermal conditions

Within the framework of an interdisciplinary project on the effects of climate and forest management on beech-dominated deciduous forests (Swabian Jura, south-western Germany), forest meteorological investigations are carried out to analyse the influences of exposure and canopy density on the microclimate within various beech stands (Fagus sylvatica L.). This second paper of the series Microclimate within beech stands focuses on the thermal conditions that exist mainly in the near-surface layer at different test plots. They were analysed by air temperature, T_a, (at 1.5 m a.g.l) and soil temperature, T_s, at six depths measured continuously in the period 1999–2003. The main results can be summarized as follows. (1) The thermal situation within the beech stands described by T_a depended primarily on the turbulent air-mass exchange conditions which were based on the slope-specific energy balance of the forest floor and advective heat fluxes. (2) The thermal situation within the soil described by T_s at 3 and 20 cm depth was governed by the molecular heat transport. Therefore, the heating and cooling rates of T_s were always lower than for T_a. Higher T_a and T_s values for the test plots on the SW slope showed that the thermal conditions within the beech stands depended primarily on the exposure. (3) Based on slope-specific differences of daily extremes of T_a and T_s at 3 cm depth between the silviculturally treated and control plots, the influence of the more pronounced height growth of the understorey vegetation under the near-surface thermal conditions could be clearly verified for the NE slope.Abbreviations PAR Photosynthetically active radiation - PAI Plant area index - LAI Leaf area index     

混合型复合地基与摩擦桩在基础工程应用中比较分析

介绍混合型复合地基和摩擦桩的承载力特点，并通过工程案例的分析，在两种基础的承载力、造价、材料等方面进行比较，表明混合型复合地基相对摩擦桩来说更适合此工程。针对目前混合型复合地基的理论研究和试验研究的进展，提出今后需要解决的问题。     

动态车辆路径问题研究综述

指出了动态车辆路径问题是运筹学和组合优化领域的前沿研究方向,研究动态车辆路径问题具有重要的理论和现实意义。阐述了动态车辆问题（DVRP）,根据动态信息的特征将动态车辆路径问题分为随机车辆路径问题（SVRP）和模糊车辆路径问题（FVRP）。从动态车辆路径问题的建模、算法和仿真优化三个方面分析了其研究成果,对现有研究的不足进行了探讨,提出了动态车辆路径问题的进一步研究方向。     

处理桥头跳车的几点认识

本文通过采用常规和采用新材料、新工艺(土工格栅)两种方法对处理桥头跳车现象进行了论述。重点介绍了采用土工格栅处理桥头跳车的具体做法。     

小麦高留茬田间水分效应研究

通过小区和大田试验,研究了留茬、灭茬和烧茬三种处理土壤、近地层空气温湿度的变化,比较了三种处理夏玉米生长发育状况,分析了小麦高留茬的田间水分效应。结果表明,留茬明显降低了土壤温度,测定日0cm地表温度全天内留茬都处于最低,其中10时到14时降温效果最明显,土壤5~25cm平均温度分别较灭茬和烧茬低1.45℃和2.3℃;土壤0~70cm含水量自始至终留茬高于灭茬和烧茬;留茬对近地层空气湿度的影响主要在晚上,麦秆凝结的水汽增大了空气湿度,白天留茬高度内气温低湿度较大,留茬高度外气温高湿度较小（与灭茬和烧茬相比）。留茬对夏玉米生长发育的影响主要表现在中后期,试验结束时留茬株高、茎粗均高于灭茬和烧茬,表现出较大的后劲。     

轮胎印迹识别及案例分析

轮胎印迹是轮胎在地面上滑动,摩擦生热,使轮胎橡胶产生塑性变形,并产生橡胶微粒,粘附于地面上形成的。事故现场的轮胎印迹分为三种：胎印、擦印和拖印。其中轮胎拖印是事故分析过程中最有价值的资料之一。它不仅反映了事故前后车辆的运动轨迹、轮胎状态、碰撞点的位置和制动措施,而且还可以根据印迹长度和形态分析车辆碰撞分离时刻的速度。