Adoption of improved crop varieties by involving farmers in the e-wallet program in Nigeria

The amount of improved seed used in Nigeria is extremely low. Overall, only 5–10% of cultivated land is planted with improved seeds, and about 10% of rural farmers use improved varieties. The objective of this investigation was to identify determinants of adoption of improved seed by farmers not participating in and those participating in the federal government’s e-wallet program in Nigeria. We determined the impact of the e-wallet program on adoption of improved seed in rural areas. A total of 1200 rural farmers were sampled across six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Results from the use of a bivariate probit model indicated that the e-wallet program continued to become increasingly popular among rural farmers; and that farmers’ literacy, ownership of a mobile phone, value output, mobile network coverage, power for charging phone batteries and contact with extension agents were the positive determinants of farmer participation in the e-wallet program. Cultural obstacles to married women, growers’ age, and increased distance to registration and input collection centers reduced farmers’ tendency to participate in the e-wallet program. The results also showed that rural farmers depended on the e-wallet program for increased use and adoption of improved seed in Nigeria, to boost food security in sub-Saharan Africa. The results suggested the need for an improved e-wallet model by lessening constraints mostly associated with rural information and communication infrastructure, and distance to the registration and input collection centers.     

中国传统农家学派源流考

战国时期我国传统农家学派得以形成。然而作为一个独立的学派,农家学派却在战国以后,逐渐淡出历史舞台。从上古帝王农神传说入手,采用史学考辨的基本方法,探究传统农家学派的学术思想渊源及其流变,发现传统农家学派的学术思想源自上古帝王农神传说及农稷之官。依据农家学派的学术渊源和学说重点不同,可以将农家学派划分为神农流派和后稷流派。战国以后,农家学派的发展流变可追踪为农家学派重农思想表达的官方化;农业生产经验总结的专业化及融入其他学派。     

农业行政执法与刑事司法衔接的难点与建议

本文分析了当前农业行政执法与刑事司法衔接工作中存在的难点,并提出了针对性的对策建议。     

河北省创意农业发展

为了促进河北省农业发展和农民增收,该研究通过对河北省创意农业的发展现状、发展优势、发展机遇进行分析,提出文化传承型、产业融合链条型、资源导向品牌型、产品加工创意型、主题公园型5种创意农业发展模式以及发展创意农业的对策建议。     

农产品经纪人发展现状和趋势分析——基于内蒙古马铃薯经纪人的访谈

农产品经纪人沟通农产品生产和消费,在农产品流通环节发挥重大作用。现阶段我国农产品经纪人数量巨大,但是由于缺乏相应的政府扶持和规范管理,经纪人的发展受到限制。该研究通过对内蒙古乌兰察布地区11户马铃薯经纪人的访谈,分析经纪人现状和发展趋势,发现经纪人呈现出规模化和现代化发展趋势,但是仍然存在自身素质低下、缺乏行业组织和缺少资金支持等问题,因而政府应该从制度规范、金融支持、教育培训3个方面促进农产品经纪人发展。     

偏压构件在农业建筑结构中的应用研究

在现代农业工程中,混凝土类构件应用广泛,可使用混凝土构件预制或现浇构件作为农业类建筑,如农业大棚、农业仓库等建筑的竖向受力构件。就农业建筑结构的柱类构件进行理论分析,讨论该类构件在实际工程中的应用及设计方法。以合肥地区某生产蔬菜的农业大棚为例,分析大偏压构件和小偏压构件的计算分析和在实际工程中的应用情况。对此类构件的设计原理进行正确的分析,可以安全、经济、有效地指导农业类建筑的结构设计。     

农业科研单位利用互联网促进科技创新的途径分析

介绍了互联网带来的科技创新与学术交流方式的变革,目前互联网成为一个海量的信息资源共享平台,及时快捷;网上学术思想丰富,不受知识面限制;网上学术交流速度快,不受地域限制,因此互联网为农业科研单位科技创新提供了很多便利。提出了加强创新机制管理、利用、互联网提高管理效率、用好单位主页扩大影响力等充分利用互联网驱动科技创新的途径。     

农业生产成本和结构对产业发展的影响——基于对浙江省建德市4种作物的调研

通过对浙江省建德市水稻、草莓、茶叶、柑橘等4种主要作物生产成本和成本结构调查,明确了劳动力成本占总成本的40%~79%,列首位,劳动力已成为目前和今后农业产业发展的主要制约因子。为此,提出大田粮油生产适宜规模性生产,草莓、茶叶、柑橘等经济作物宜家庭式经营的农业产业发展模式和思路,并通过加强管理,加大科技支撑力度,以降低成本,提高效益。     

农业机械化在农业现代化中的作用

在我国农业生产的具体过程中,农业生产的自身结构中就包括了农业机械化这一主要内容,农业机械化的发展,不仅标志着一个国家农业水平的高低,还能从侧面反映出一个国家的经济发展水平。农业机械化在农业现代化中具有十分重要的作用,不仅可以提高农业生产的具体效率,还能解放农业生产力,促进农业经济的发展。文章将简要分析农业机械化在农业现代化中的作用。     

China agricultural outlook for 2015–2024 based on China Agricultural Monitoring and Early-warning System(CAMES)

The primary goal of Chinese agricultural development is to guarantee national food security and supply of major agricultural products. Hence, the scientific work on agricultural monitoring and early warning as well as agricultural outlook must be strengthened. In this study, we develop the China Agricultural Monitoring and Early-warning System(CAMES) on the basis of a comparative study of domestic and international agricultural outlook models. The system is a dynamic and multi-market partial equilibrium model that integrates biological mechanisms with economic mechanisms. This system, which includes 11 categories of 953 kinds of agricultural products, could dynamically project agricultural market supply and demand, assess food security, and conduct scenario analysis at different spatial levels, time scale levels, and macro-micro levels. Based on the CAMES, the production, consumption, and trade of the major agricultural products in China over the next decade are projected. The following conclusions are drawn: i) The production of major agricultural products will continue to grow steadily, mainly because of the increase in yield. ii) The growth of agricultural consumption will be slightly higher than that of agricultural production. Meanwhile, a high self-sufficiency rate is expected for cereals such as rice, wheat, and maize, with the rate being stable at around 97%. iii) Agricultural trade will continue to thrive. The growth of soybean and milk imports will slow down, but the growth of traditional agricultural exports such as vegetables and fruits is expected to continue.