预热段蚕茧感温与干燥工艺关系的研究

研究表明 ,鲜蛹与半干蛹感温变化趋势相似 ;快速加温与中、慢速加温区间蛹体感温存在极显著差异 ;预热段加温速度以中速偏快 (1 0～ 1 2℃ /min)为宜。茧层潮湿可以使半干蛹感温滞后 2～ 6min ,并且快、中速加温区同工艺对应潮、燥茧层间 ,半干蛹感温差异水平显著。说明茧层水分一方面吸收了空气热量 ,另一方面又阻碍了热能向茧内传递     

远红外碳纤维发热板设计仔猪保育箱的应用效果研究

为研发更为合理有效的断奶仔猪保温设备,提高养猪效益,采用远红外碳纤维发热板加热,温控器控温以及木箱箱体和聚氯乙烯门帘保温组合方式对普通仔猪保育箱进行了改进,并通过对比试验考察该设备的应用效果。结果显示:与对照组相比,断奶前期试验组平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)分别提高了9. 51%(P<0. 01)和10. 44%(P=0. 06);腹泻率、腹泻频率分别降低33. 0%和42. 9%(P>0. 05);免疫球蛋白G (Ig G)较对照组提高6. 75%(P>0. 05);日平均温度提高2. 3℃(P<0. 01),日平均湿度降低2. 6个百分点(P<0. 01);每圈日平均耗电量降低90. 2%(P<0. 01)。结果表明:改进后的保育箱可显著提高断奶初期日采食量,具有提高仔猪日增重、免疫力,降低仔猪腹泻的趋势,升温和保温效果明显,节能高效,具有较大的推广应用价值。     

基于界限温度的贵德木本花卉观赏期确定

近年来,贵德县以生态为本、旅游为基,大力发展观光农业,为了做好观光农业的气象服务,选取贵德三河地区观光农业中主要种植的月季和牡丹两种木本花卉,应用贵德1961~2016年国家基本站观测资料,通过文献查证花卉的开始生长至开花期的气象指标,分析贵德地区月季和牡丹开始生长至开花期相关的界限温度,确定出贵德地区月季和牡丹萌芽期,利用积温法确定出开花期的积温指标,确定出最佳赏花期,以便提高各特色观光园中花卉的种植,来延长园中花卉观赏期,游客选择各花卉的最佳观赏期,提高观赏效果。     

Effect of time delay and storage temperature on blood gas and acid-base values of bovine venous blood

The aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in the gas composition and acid-base values of bovine venous blood samples stored at different temperatures (+4, 22 and 37 degrees C) for up to 48 h. Five healthy cattle were used in the study. A total of 15 blood samples collected from the animals were allocated into three groups, which were, respectively, then stored in a refrigerator adjusted to +4 degrees C (Group I, n=5), at a room temperature of about 22 degrees C (Group II, n=5) and in an incubator adjusted to 37 degrees C (Group III; n=5) for up to 48 h. Blood gas and acid-base values were analysed at 0 (baseline), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h of storage. A significant decrease (p<0.001) was found, in the pH of the refrigerated blood after 5 h and its maximum decrease was recorded at 48 h as 0.04 unit. There were also significant alterations (p<0.001) in the blood pH of the samples stored at room temperature and in the incubator after 2 and 3 h, respectively. The maximum mean alteration in pCO(2) value for Group I was -0.72 kPa during the assessment, while for groups II and III, maximum alterations in pCO(2) were detected as +2.68 and +4.16 kPa, respectively. Mean pO(2) values increased significantly (p<0.001) for Group I after 24 h and for Group II after 6 h, while a significant decrease was recorded for Group III after 24 h (p<0.001). Base excess (BE) and bicarbonate (HCO(3)) fractions decreased significantly for all the groups during the study, compared to their baseline values. In conclusion, acid-base values of the samples stored at 22 and +4 degrees C were found to be within normal range and could be used for clinical purposes for up to 12 and 48 h, respectively, although there were small statistically significant alterations.     

The influences of ambient temperature and crude protein levels on performance and serum biochemical parameters in broilers

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of ambient temperature, crude protein levels and their interaction on performance and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 216 Arbor Acre broiler chickens (108 males and 108 females) were used in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement and randomly reared at two temperatures (normal temperature: 23 °C; daily cyclic high temperature: 28–32 °C) and fed on three diets with different crude protein levels (153.3, 183.3 or 213.3 g/kg, with constant essential amino acids) from 28 to 42 days of age. Daily cyclic high ambient temperature decreased final body weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and serum total protein contents (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.008 respectively), but increased feed/gain, mortality, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, serum uric acid contents and serum creatine kinase activity (p = 0.008, p = 0.003, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.003 respectively), irrespective of crude protein levels. At the ambient temperature, reducing crude protein levels resulted in an increase in feed/gain (p < 0.001), but a decrease in serum total protein and uric acid contents. Only serum creatine kinase activity in broiler chickens was interacted by daily cyclic high ambient temperature and dietary crude protein levels (p = 0.003). These results indicated that daily cyclic high ambient temperature had a great effect on performance and serum biochemical parameters in broiler chickens, whereas dietary crude protein levels affected them partially.     

温度胁迫对柱花草叶绿素荧光参数和光合速率的影响

为了探讨柱花草对不同温度的适应机制,以播种后40 d的幼苗为试验材料,在光照培养箱内分别用高温(36℃)处理5 d,低温(6℃)处理2 d,并以常温(25℃)处理5 d为对照,测定光合速率及叶绿素荧光参数等相关指标在不同温度胁迫下的变化。结果表明,低温处理2 d,叶绿素荧光参数的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光系统Ⅱ电子传递量子效率(Ф_PSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qP) 和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)、叶片光合速率、叶片ATP含量及RuBPcase和FBPase活性显著降低;而高温处理5 d对其光合效率没有产生明显的抑制作用。在温度胁迫条件下,足够的ATP供应对保证柱花草的光合能力是有必要的。     

高温对猪采食量的影响机制及应用的研究进展

采食量是保证猪生产性能充分发挥的关键因素。温度对猪的采食量影响较大。温热恒定机制是调节猪采食量的主要方式,环境温度通过改变猪与环境的热交换而影响其采食量,且影响最为明显。作者阐述了温度对猪采食量的调节机制、温度对采食量的影响等研究进展。     

Cervix–rectum temperature differential at the time of insemination is correlated with the potential for pregnancy in dairy cows

This study sought to establish whether temperature gradients between the cervix, vagina, and rectum at and 7 days post-artificial insemination (AI) were associated with the incidence of pregnancy in lactating dairy cows (Experiment I; n = 90 ovulating cows) and to evaluate temperature gradient dynamics from the time of insemination to 7 days post-AI under heat stress conditions (Experiment II; n = 16 ovulating and 4 non-ovulating cows). In Experiment I, 39 cows (43.3%) became pregnant. The odds ratio for pregnancy was 2.5 for each one-tenth of a degree drop in cervical temperature with reference to the control rectal temperature at the time of AI (P = 0.01), whereas the same decrease in the cervix–rectum temperature differential 7 days post-AI resulted in an odds ratio of 0.44 (P = 0.02). In Experiment II, 5 of the ovulating cows (31.3%) became pregnant. The mean values of the vagina–rectum, vagina–cervix, and cervix–rectum temperature differentials at AI (day 0), 8 h, 24 h, and 7 days post-AI changed significantly from day 0 to day 7 (within-subject effect; P < 0.02) in ovulating cows but not in non-ovulating cows. Temperature differentials on days 0 and 7 were similar between ovulating cows and cows of Experiment I. Overall, our findings support the notion that a temperature differential between the caudal cervical canal and rectum at AI may be an indicator of the likelihood of pregnancy. Possible prospects of confirming estrus at the herd-level are also suggested.     

Effect of environmental factors and changes in the body condition score on the onset of the breeding season in mares

Several methods have been proposed to advance the onset of the breeding season in horses. Most of them are based on the exposure to an artificial lighting period combined with hormonal treatments. Mares exposed to an artificial photoperiod are most often housed indoors where the ambient temperature is often higher than the outside temperature. Mares held in barns are also exposed to different daylight intensities than horses kept outside, depending on the architecture. In the current study, we evaluated the impact of ambient temperature, daylight intensity and changes in body condition score (BCS) on the timing of first ovulation after winter anestrus in mares exposed to an artificial photoperiod. Mares (n = 211) were housed in barns with different ambient temperature and daylight exposure but with the same artificial photoperiod exposure (except for a natural photoperiod control group). Artificial photoperiod as well as an increase in BCS over the winter significantly advanced the first spring ovulation. The BCS at the start and end of the anestrus period did not have an effect on the interval to first ovulation and neither did the modest increase in ambient temperature in the barn. However, a higher light intensity during the daytime significantly advanced the first spring ovulation. The results of this study suggest that exposure to more sunlight advances the onset of the breeding season. This effect is likely mediated through the biological effect of short wavelength blue light and its impact on melatonin suppression and biological rhythms. We suggest that greater/direct exposure to the blue light component of daylight improves the response to the artificial photoperiod. The results of the present study can further assist to optimize the conditions that lead to an efficient spring transition of breeding mares.     

低温胁迫对结缕草抗氧化酶活性和脂肪酸含量的影响

为探讨不同纬度来源结缕草（Zoysia Willd）对低温的响应,本研究以两份结缕草种质LT-40（高纬度）和LT-22（低纬度）为材料,分析了适温（30℃/25℃）、亚适温（18℃/12℃）、冷害（8℃/2℃）和冻害（2℃/-4℃）4种温度对叶片电导率（Electrolyte leakage,EL）、叶绿素和丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）含量、抗氧化酶活性、叶片脂肪酸含量及不饱和指数的影响。结果表明,随着温度的降低,EL增大,叶片中叶绿素含量降低、MDA含量升高,且在LT-22中变化更大;叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性均随着温度的下降而逐渐升高,且在LT-40中表现更为显著;低温下叶片中棕榈酸含量呈下降趋势,而硬脂酸含量只在LT-40叶片中显著下降,棕榈油酸和油酸含量在LT-40叶片中显著低于对照,而亚麻酸含量在LT-40叶片中却显著高于对照,不饱和指数在LT-40叶片中显著高于对照。高纬度来源的结缕草在低温胁迫下具有较高的抗氧化能力和较好的质膜稳定性,因而其耐寒性更好。