巴基斯坦新须螨属2新种(蜱螨亚纲:细须螨科)及该属生物型研究

巴基斯坦原记载新须螨属14种,文章描述了2新种：桑利新须螨C．sunniensis和选新须螨C.kritos,增加到16种。还讨论了该属的生物型。     

Studies on the mineral nutrition of grain sorghum. III. Populations of the common two spotted spider mite on grain sorghum grown on various levels of N,P and K

Abstract

A greenhouse experiment showed a positive relationship between N, P and K levels in the nutritional solution and the leaves and spider mite development on grain sorghum. In the absence of N or P only small populations of mites develop and in the absence of K no mites were observed. Levels of 2,10% 11, 0.18% P and 1,20% K in the leaves were the minimal values to allow large spider mite populations do develop.     

Dynamics and stratification of functional groups of micro- and mesoarthropods in the organic layer of a Scots pine forest

This paper addresses the abundance, biomass and microstratification of functional groups of micro- and mesoarthropods inhabiting the organic layers of a Scots pine forest (Pinus sylvestris L.). An experiment using stratified litterbags, containing organic material of four degradation stages, i.e., freshly fallen litter, litter, fragmented litter and humus, was performed over a period of 2.5 years. Statistical data analysis revealed that each organic layer had a different, characteristic species composition that changed with time following successive degradation stages. Species of Acari, Araneae and Collembola were assigned to different functional groups based on taxonomy, microstratification, food type or feeding mode. The abundance and biomass carbon of functional groups were dependent on the organic layer and most functional groups showed a particular preference for one of the upper organic layers. Temporal and spatial differences in density and biomass carbon of functional groups could partly be related to fluctuations in the soil climate, although effects of trophic interactions could not be ruled out. A general decline in abundance and biomass, especially in populations of fungal feeders, during the last year of the study could not be explained by a reduction in litterbag volume, changed litter chemistry or soil climate, but was attributed to an indirect effect of a remarkable increase in soil coverage by wavy hair grass, Deschampsia flexuosa (L.). The analysis demonstrated that species diversity, microhabitat specification, soil fauna succession, and degradation stages of organic material are interrelated. The results obtained indicate that both the chemistry of organic matter and decomposition rates have an important effect on trophic relationships and community structure. Received: 26 June 1997     

长白山跗线螨属3新种和2种国内新记录种──（蜱螨亚纲：跗线螨科）

１９９１年在吉林省长白山林区土壤和植物虫瘿内，采到大量螨类。经制片、鉴定发现有１批跗线螨科（Ｔａｒｓｏｎｅｍｉｄａｅ）跗线螨属（Ｔａｒｓｏｎｅｍｕｓ）的种类，其中有３新种和２种国内新记录。本文就新种的形态特征和新记录种的鉴别特征作了描述。模式标本保存于沈阳农业大学植保系。     

中国镰螯螨科一新属三新种(蜱螨亚纲:辐螨亚目)

描述了一新属:拟小前线螨属Pseudo pronematulus gen.nov.,三新种:针拟小前线螨Pseudo pronematulus acus sp.nov.、亮小镰螯螨Microtydeus hylinus sp.nov.和似原镰螯螨Primotydeus similis sp.nov.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Epigeic earthworms increase soil arthropod populations during first steps of decomposition of organic matter

Earthworms and soil arthropods are major groups involved in soil decomposition processes. Although the interaction between these organisms can influence decomposition rates, little is known about their population dynamics during the decomposition of organic matter. In this study, we used the pig manure decomposition process to evaluate the effects of the presence of the epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida on seven groups of soil arthropods: springtails, astigmatid, prostigmatid, mesostigmatid and oribatid mites, psocids and spiders. We carried out an experiment in which low and high doses (1.5 and 3 kg, respectively) of pig manure were applied in consecutive layers to small-scale mesocosms with and without earthworms. The presence of E. fetida increased the overall number of soil arthropods regardless of the dose of manure applied. This result was mainly due to the presence of large populations of springtails and mesostigmatid mites. Springtails were more abundant in the new layers of the mesocosms, which indicated a preference for substrates with fresh organic matter and higher microbial biomass. The other arthropod groups were consistently favored by the presence of earthworms, but remained at low densities throughout the decomposition process. Only the psocids were negatively affected by the presence of E. fetida. These results suggest that the development of large populations of soil arthropods, mainly springtails, in the mesocosms with earthworms is a characteristic feature of the initial stages of the earthworm-driven decomposition process.     

我国跗线螨科2新种和7种国内新记录种（蜱螨亚纲：跗线螨科）

近年来,在国内土壤、植物及螨瘿内,采到大量的螨类标本,经制片和鉴定后,发现有一批跗线螨科的螨类,其中有２新种和７种国内新记录种。本文就新种的形态特征及其与近似种之间的鉴别特征作了描述。模式标本保存于沈阳农业大学植保系。