Na2 SO4 和CaCl2胁迫对不同黄瓜品种种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

研究了津绿 3号、白玉春和绿岛 1号温室黄瓜品种在Na2 SO4和CaCl2 等摩尔混合液复盐离子胁迫下的种子萌发和幼苗生长。结果表明 ,随复盐浓度的升高 ,3个品种的发芽率、发芽势逐渐降低 ,主根长、侧根数逐渐下降 ,叶绿素含量先升高后逐渐下降 ,植株鲜重略有升高 ;津绿 3号、白玉春等电解质渗出率逐渐升高 ,下胚轴变短变粗。当复盐浓度达2 5 0mmol/L时 ,津绿 3号出现死亡现象 ;当复盐浓度达 30 0mmol/L时 ,白玉春出现死亡现象 ,绿岛 1号未出现死亡 ,但无法正常生长。综合比较 ,绿岛 1号的耐盐性显著好于其他 2个品种。     

不同药剂浸泡处理对山桃稠李种子发芽的影响

为了促进山桃稠李种子萌发,提高山桃稠李种子繁殖的发芽率,以清水作为对照,采用不同浓度的高锰酸钾、过氧化氢、赤霉素对山桃稠李种子进行处理,比较不同药剂、不同浓度及不同处理时间对山桃稠李种子发芽的影响。结果表明:不同药剂处理的种子发芽率有显著差异,不同处理时间之间没有显著差异,各药剂处理按照发芽率由高到低的顺序排列依次为高锰酸钾、赤霉素、过氧化氢、水处理。对发芽促进效果最佳的组合是0.7%的高锰酸钾浸泡处理48h,发芽率可达88%。     

Evidence that 17α,20β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one is a maturation-inducing steroid in spotted seatrout

Ovarian steroidogenesis during final oocyte maturation (FOM) in the spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) was investigated by incubating ovarian fragments with tritiated pregnenolone, followed by chromatographic separation of the radioactive products. The major tritiated steroid produced during FOM comigrated with 17α,20β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20β-dihydro-11-deoxycortisol, 20β-S) on HPLC and TLC. Only minor amounts of radioactive material coeluted with 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α,20β-P), 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC), estradiol-17β and testosterone standards in the HPLC system. Additional chromatography by TLC confirmed the presence of radioactive estradiol-17β and testosterone but not 17α,20β-P and DOC. All the ovarian steroids producedin vitro during FOM were assayed for their ability to induce germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) of spotted seatrout oocytes. Twenty grams of ovarian tissue were incubated with human chorionic gonadotropin and exogenous pregnenolone. The steroidal products were purified by HPLC and TLC. Most of the maturation-inducing activity was confined to steroidal material which comigrated in these systems with 20β-S. This material was active at a concentration of 1 ng steroid/ml medium in the GVBD assay. Smaller amounts of material which coeluted with 11-deoxycortisol, DOC, 17α,20β-P and several minor unidentified fractions induced GVBD at concentrations of 10 ng steroid(s)/ml. The structure-activity relationships of authentic steroids in inducing GVBD of spotted seatrout oocytes was investigated. Hydroxylation at the 17α, 20β or 21 positions increased potency to induce GVBD. Steroids with multiple hydroxyl groups at the 17α and 20β positions (17α, 20β-P) and at the 17α, 20β, and 21 positions (20β-S) had maximum biological activity in the GVBD bioassay. The results suggest that 20β-S is a major maturation-inducing steroid in spotted seatrout.     

枸杞多糖与五味子对四氯化碳所致小鸭急性肝损伤的影响

目的 观察枸杞子和枸杞多糖与五味子配伍对小鸭的急性肝损伤的治疗作用.方法 首先对各实验组小鸭给予药物进行灌服,采用四氯化碳(CCL4)诱导的小鸭肝损伤模型,检测各组肝损伤的小鸭血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、血清总胆红素(TBI)的活性变化.结果 枸杞多糖和五味子配伍对小鸭进行灌服可减少血清中的ALT和AST酶,以及降低TBI的含量.结论 枸杞子对实验性肝损伤有一定的保护作用,与五味子配伍作用更明显.这-作用机制可能与抗细胞氧化损伤有关.     

Advances in the ABCB4 gene in cholestatic disorders

The ABCB4 gene, also called MDR3, encodes the MDR3 protein which is localized to the hepatocyte canalicular membrane and is demonstrated to be a phosphatidylcholine translocase. The recent study showed that ABCB4 deficiency was associated with several cholestatic disorders, but the pathogenesis is not clear. This review highlights recent advances in the structure and function of ABCB4 gene, and the relationship between ABCB4 gene and cholestatic diseases.     

兜兰二氢黄烷酮醇-4-还原酶基因的克隆及其表达特性

克隆同色兜兰二氢黄烷酮醇-4-还原酶基因DFR,分析其序列特征,了解其在不同组织部位的表达情况。采用RT-PCR和RACE技术从花中克隆DFR的全长cDNA,用生物信息学方法分析序列特征,并用半定量RT-PCR研究其在不同组织的表达。分离到DFR,该cDNA全长1267 bp,具有1个1074 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码357个氨基酸。序列分析表明,该DFR蛋白含有1个NADB_Rossmann superfamily保守结构域,1个NADP(H)结合域和1个底物特异性结合域,其与文心兰、石斛兰和大花蕙兰等的DFR同源性在75%~80%。系统进化树显示,该DFR蛋白与兰科植物的DFR蛋白亲缘关系比较近。半定量RT-PCR表明,该DFR在成熟花和营养叶中的表达量最高,在子房、苞叶、萼片和花瓣中的表达量相当,在唇瓣中的表达量次之,在蕊柱中的表达量较唇瓣中的低,在花茎中的表达量最低,在根中几乎检测不到。原核表达结果表明,该DFR在大肠杆菌中获得表达。从兜兰中克隆到花色代谢途径中的关键酶基因DFR,该基因可能参与调控花色素的合成。     

‘热研4号’王草和五节芒光合特性的比较

【目的】获得生产生物能源的优质原料.【方法】在田间采用LI-6400便携式光合作用测定仪对‘热研4号’王草Pennisetum purpureum×P.americanum cv.Reyan No.4和五节芒Miscanthus floridulus的光合特性日变化进行研究,并分析了其净光合速率(Pn)与主要影响因子的相关性.【结果和结论】‘热研4号’王草和五节芒的净光合速率日变化均呈"单峰型",无光合"午休"现象,且‘热研4号’王草日均Pn(25.45μmol·m-2·s-1)略高于五节芒(25.08μmol·m-2·s-1).2种草的蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)、光能利用率(LUE)和气孔导度(Gs)与Pn一样,最大值均出现在13:00时左右,且‘热研4号’王草的Tr、LUE和Gs也都略高于五节芒,只有WUE略低于五节芒.气孔限制值(Ls)日变化呈正钟型,在11:00时左右达最高值(均为0.86μmol·m-2·s-1),早晚最低,而胞间CO2摩尔分数(xi)日变化趋势与之相反.此外,‘热研4号’王草和五节芒的Pn均与大气CO2摩尔分数(xa)呈显著负相关(P0.05),且分别与空气相对湿度(RH)和Gs呈显著正相关(P0.05).以上结果说明‘热研4号’王草的光合能力比五节芒强.     

冬季猪舍粪便贮存过程中CH4排放特征试验

利用丹麦猪舍和液态猪粪便进行了CH4气体排放测试,比较了3种粪坑内粪便高度（0.15、0.40、0.65m）、4种通风量（211、650、1852、3088m3/h）、粪坑内有无挡板情况下冬季猪舍粪便贮存过程中CH4排放通量。测试结果表明：粪便高度、粪便温度和通风量可以用来解释大部分的CH4排放通量变化差异;对于使用渗透性天花板进气和负压通风排气系统,4种通风量之间CH4排放通量差异不显著,但由于通风量的增加同时会降低舍内与粪坑内空气温度和粪便温度,因此要综合考虑通风量和温度对气体排放通量的影响;液态猪粪便中CH4排放通量随着粪坑内粪便高度的降低而减少;设置粪坑挡板对粪坑内CH4排放没有影响;敏感性分析表明CH4排放通量相对于粪便温度、粪便高度和通风量的敏感性依次减小（敏感度依次减小）。在较低的通风量和粪便高度变化区间,CH4排放通量变化的敏感性要高于较高的通风量和粪便高度变化区间,但对于粪便温度变化趋势正好相反。     

利用硫酸铜液诊断母牛早期妊娠技术初探

采用3%和5%硫酸铜液对57头黑白花母牛进行早期妊娠诊断,然后通过直肠检查技术进行确诊。结果表明,3%硫酸铜液乳检的总阳性率为87.14%,5%硫酸铜液乳检的总阳性率为84.80%,两组均以配种后31~50d中午乳样检出准确率最高,平均阳性率为90.35%。5%硫酸铜液乳检的阳性符合率较3%硫酸铜液稍低,即造成误诊空怀率稍高,实际应用中以3%硫酸铜液进行母牛早期妊娠诊断,其准确率较高。