福建万木林自然保护区观赏树木资源研究

福建万木林自然保护区观赏树木资源调查结果表明，已开发应用的观赏树木有５２科１０９种．对尚未开发应用的观赏价值较高的１９科２７种树木，从生物学、生态学及观赏树木学等方面进行系统的研究．     

浙江省森林资源连续清查系统抽样防偏试验初报

数据的准确性和可靠性是清查成果能否客观、真实地反映森林资源状况的关键要素。森林资源连续清查数据的准确性和可靠性受到抽样方案设计、调查技术方法和实施操作过程等诸多因素的影响。其中，抽样方案设计是影响森林资源调查数据质量的关键因素。为了优化森林资源连续清查体系，防止系统抽样周期性变动和人为特殊对待等问题对清查成果质量的影响，从1994年开始，浙江省采用固定样地加部分替换样地（临时样地）的抽样设计方案进行防偏技术试验和研究。采用总体平均数的差异性检验和方差分析等方法，对浙江省自1989年以来的3期调查数据进行分组统计分析，3期调查数据的3组样本两两之间均通过了总体平均数差异显著性检验和单因素方差分析，无显著差异。初步试验结果表明，浙江省森林资源连续清查总体样本具有较好的代表性，不存在明显的系统偏差。     

不同灌溉量对草坪草光合作用的影响

2004年7月和9月在北京林业大学草坪研究所试验基地,对不同灌溉量下草地早熟禾、高羊茅、结缕草分别进行光合观测,分析3种草坪草净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、气孔导度、光补偿点和光饱和点的变化趋势.研究结果表明:3种草的净光合速率随灌溉量的增加而增大;3种草的蒸腾速率和气孔导度随灌溉量的增加而增大,并且两者呈显著正相关;光响应曲线的斜率也是随灌溉量的增加而增大;结缕草的水分利用效率和光饱和点显著高于高羊茅和草地早熟禾,且光补偿点最低.     

PDA在林业一类清查中的应用

根据PDA在辽宁省第八次森林资源连续清查中的应用实践,详细介绍其样地定位与测设、样地引线及周界测量记表、样地每木检尺记录等模块的功能。应用结果表明：PSP535FC-1型PDA具有采集数据准确、工作效率高等优点,但也存在屏幕避光性较差、电池续航能力不足的问题。根据应用实践,提出PDA的设计开发建议。     

Potential of a national monitoring program for forests to assess change in high-latitude ecosystems

Broad-scale monitoring in Alaska has become of increasing interest due to uncertainty about the potential impacts of changing climate on high-latitude ecosystems. The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program is a national monitoring program for all public and private forestlands in the US, but the program is not currently implemented in the boreal region of Alaska. We provide an overview of the strengths and weaknesses of the FIA system for monitoring the potential impact of climate change on Alaska’s species, communities, and ecosystems. The primary strength of the system is a scientifically rigorous design-based statistical estimation method that produces estimates of forest attributes with known sampling error and quantifiable measurement error. The weaknesses of the system include low power for small area estimates, lack of spatial context and contiguity, and difficulty in inferring causality of factors when changes in monitored attributes are detected.Climate change is expected to impact many components of boreal ecosystems, but for most indicators the direction and magnitude of change are difficult to predict because of complex interactions among system components. Status and trend information provided by FIA monitoring that could be helpful to conservation decisions includes abundance and rarity of vascular plants, invasive species, biomass and carbon content of vegetation, shifting vegetation species distribution, disturbance frequency, type, and impact, and wildlife habitat characteristics. Because of unique factors such as the low level of infrastructure, modifications to the FIA monitoring system used in the conterminous US have been proposed for Alaska. Remote sensing data would play a greater role in meeting monitoring objectives, and sampling intensity of field plots would be reduced. Coordination with other national, regional, and local monitoring efforts provides potential for increased understanding of change in boreal ecosystems at multiple scales.     

PDA掌上电脑在广西森林资源一类调查中的应用

总结赛博星PDA掌上电脑在广西区第八次森林资源连续清查数据采集中的应用方法与优缺点.其数据采集功能模块包括样地调查总体信息、样地定位与测设、样地每木检尺记录、样地位置示意图及内业数据处理等.应用PDA进行数据采集具有提升数据采集精度和效率、提高调查质量和调查员责任心、方便质量检查和监督等优点,但也存在着CPU处理速度有限,屏幕避光性不好,电池供应能力弱,成本较高等问题.藉此,提出了相关建议.     

强度耕作对^137Cs、^210Pbex和有机质剖面分布的影响

很少有关于直接测定强度耕作侵蚀引起土壤退化过程的报道。我们的目的是确定应用137Cs和210Pbex直接定量评价耕作侵蚀对土壤有机质(SOM)坡面运移影响的可能性。我们在黄土高原陡坡耕地上进行了50次犁耕活动,并将与其相临的另一块陡坡耕地作为对照。在对照坡地不同坡位,137Cs浓度均匀分布于上部0～30cm土层,而210Pbex浓度在坡上部和坡中部随土层深度增加呈现线性递减,在坡下部呈指数函数递减。0～30cm土层中土壤有机质含量显著大于30cm深度以下土层,并在坡中部和坡下部呈现与210Pbex类似的土壤剖面分布特征。与对照坡地比较,50次犁耕活动导致坡上部、坡中部0～45cm土层的SOM含量分别降低了38%和47%,坡下部0～100cm土层中的SOM含量却提高了18%。坡上部土壤剖面中137Cs浓度的加权平均值从1.48Bq/kg降低到0.29Bq/kg,坡中部从2.53Bq/kg减少到0.33Bq/kg,坡下部从1.48Bq/kg提高到2.81Bq/kg。210Pbex浓度的剖面加权平均值在坡上部从27.71Bq/kg下降到6.15Bq/kg,在坡中部和坡下部分别从35.46Bq/kg和25.53Bq/kg降低到1.57Bq/kg和19.40Bq/kg。137Cs和210Pbex的剖面分布与SOM在p<0.001水平呈显著相关,相关系数R2值在对照坡地为0.81～0.86,在犁耕实验坡地为0.86～0.91。实验结果表明,环境放射性核素137Cs和210Pbex在黄     

红壤丘陵区土壤137Cs含量与土壤颗粒组成的关系研究--以江西省丰城市为例

通过对江西省红壤地区的39个土壤剖面采样数据进行数理统计分析,发现在土壤表层20 cm范围内,不同土层137Cs含量与土壤粒径具有一定的相关性,其中与砂粒含量和粉砂粒含量具有正相关关系,与砾石含量和黏粒含量具有负相关关系。通过逐步回归分析发现,在各土层与137Cs含量关系最为密切是砂砾含量,两者呈现显著的正相关关系。同时建立了137Cs含量与砂砾含量的定量关系模型,并通过方差分析证明该模型可靠,但该模型应用于土壤侵蚀还需要进一步研究。     

用^137Cs法探讨苏南坡地的土壤侵蚀

与黄土和红壤地区相比 ,学术界对苏南丘陵区土壤侵蚀的关注要少得多 ,也许是这里的土壤侵蚀的绝对数量不大 ,然而 ,苏南地区的土壤侵蚀引起的生态影响却不容忽视 ,如因土壤侵蚀造成的养分流失对水体的影响及土层减薄都远超过黄土区。为了探讨苏南土壤侵蚀的生态影响 ,首先是要了解土壤侵蚀的状况 ,在这方面 13 7Cs示踪法是一种非常有用的工具 ,可是要使用此法 ,必须要解决两个问题 ,一是确定研究区的背景值 ,二是建立估算土壤侵蚀的模型。经过较长时间的研究 ,确定苏南地区的 13 7Cs背景值为 2 2 0 0 Bq/m2 ;并根据基本物理含义 ,建立了耕地与非耕地的土壤侵蚀模型 ,用这 2个模型并借用其他学者提供的土壤沉积模型 ,对宜兴竹园及茶园两个坡地的土壤侵蚀与沉积作了估算。在此基础上 ,又尝试着简单探讨了土壤侵蚀引起的土层及养分流失的生态影响     

A preliminary assessment of the potential for using Pbex measurement to estimate soil redistribution rates on cultivated slopes in the Sichuan Hilly Basin of China

In order to assess its potential for estimating soil redistribution rates, the naturally occurring fallout radionuclide ²¹⁰Pb_ex has been used in parallel with ¹³⁷Cs, derived from the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapon testing in the 1950s to 1970s, to estimate rates of soil redistribution on a sloping field with traditional erosion control measures located near Jiajia Village, Jianyang County, in the Sichuan Hilly Basin of China. The local ²¹⁰Pb_ex reference inventory of 12,860 Bq m^− 2 is higher than those reported for many other areas of the world and may reflect the influence of cloudy weather in preventing ²¹⁰Pb released to the atmosphere across the local region moving up into the upper troposphere, where is would be more widely dispersed. The mean ²¹⁰Pb_ex and ¹³⁷Cs inventories measured in cores collected from the upper part of the field with an average slope of 10° were 8028 Bq m^− 2 and 993 Bq m^− 2, respectively, and the equivalent values for the lower part of the field, where the slopes are steeper (20°) were 11,388 Bq m^− 2 and 1299 Bq m^− 2. The pattern of post-fallout ²¹⁰Pb_ex and ¹³⁷Cs redistribution on the sloping field reflects not only the effects of water erosion and redistribution by tillage, but also the local traditional practice of “Tiaoshamiantu”, whereby sediment trapped in the ditches is returned to the fields by the farmer. The estimates of annual rates of soil loss provided by the ²¹⁰Pb_ex measurement are closely comparable with those derived from the ¹³⁷Cs measurements and are consistent with existing knowledge for the study area. The results obtained from this study confirm the potential for using ²¹⁰Pb_ex measurement to estimate soil erosion rates over medium-term timescale of 50–100 years. By combining the estimates of erosion rates provided by the ²¹⁰Pb_ex and ¹³⁷Cs measurements, the weighted mean net soil loss was estimated to be 48.7 t ha^− 1 year^− 1 from the upper subfield and 16.9 t ha^− 1 year^− 1 from the lower subfield. These rates are considerably lower than the erosion rates obtained from runoff plot measurements in the local area. It is suggested that the traditional erosion control practices and the practice of “Tiaoshamiantu” have a significant effect in reducing soil loss and conserving valuable cultivated soil on sloping fields in the Sichuan Hilly Basin.