侵蚀型红壤植被恢复后土壤养分含量与物理性质的变化

为了解侵蚀型红壤植被恢复后土壤养分含量与物理性质的变化状况,采集了植被恢复17年和9年的两个定位试验点土壤样品。分析结果表明：侵蚀型红壤植被恢复后土壤养分含量明显增加。恢复17年的木荷、杉木林0～0．2m土层土壤全氮和有机质含量分别比对照增加了3．92倍、2．96倍、5．80倍和3．52倍,土壤有效养分中土壤有效磷含量增加幅度最大。植被恢复后土壤物理性质得到极大改善．表现在土壤容量明显降低,土壤总孔度、通气孔度增加和大于1mm大团聚体与大于0．25mm水稳性团聚体总量的增加。总的来看,恢复17年的木荷和恢复9年的黑麦草两处理．土壤物理性质改善最为明显．此两处理0～0．2m表层土壤容量比对照区降低了27．9％和20．41％,大于0．25mm水稳性团聚体总量分别比对照区增加了31．09％和29．96％,土壤总孔度和通气孔度分别是对照区的1．34倍、1．25倍、2．59倍和2．14倍。     

Sustainable agriculture evaluation model for red soil hill region of southeast China

Agricultural sustainability for economic development is important and a complex issue throughout the world; however,it is difficult to synthetically evaluate its use in the policy making process. The objective of this study was to evaluate sustainable agriculture in the red soil hill region of Southeast China through a newly proposed method combining four separate sub-systems: regional population (P), resource (R), environmental (E), and socio-economic (S). This new index system was proposed to appraise synthetically the agricultural sustainability of the red soil hill region from 1988 to 1996 with a two-step method assessing: a) the agricultural sustainability in each province independently and b) the relative sustainability of each province to the whole region. The first step only provided a development trend for each province based on its original situation, while the second step provided additional information on the comparative status of each province in agricultural development to the region as a whole. Higher index scores were found for the economy and resource categories denoting improvement. However, lower scores in the environment category indicated the improvement was achieved at the cost of deteriorating ecological surroundings due to an increasing population that demanded more from the agro-ecosystem and put heavier pressures on it. Results also showed that water and soil losses in this region were the major obstacles encountered in sustainable agriculture development. The assessment results were verified when compared with results from another method. This suggested that the new assessment system was reliable and credible in evaluating agricultural sustainability on a regional scale.     

红壤坡地雨水产流及其土壤流失的垫面反应

通过4年(1998～2001年)径流场定位观测研究,探明了不同植被垫面雨水产流过程中系统水土流失有显著性差异。水流失量为农作区>常绿灌木区、针叶林区>常绿果园区>退化区、恢复区。坡地不同垫面间雨水地表径流的差异存在,为坡地雨水利用和利用坡地集雨支持农田灌溉提供了依据和可调控性。土壤流失量受人为干预、耕作强度的影响很大,坡地从自然保护到作物栽培,系统的土壤流失量提高20倍。茶果林地的土壤流失低于作物耕种的2～3倍,而高于自然利用和自然保护的6～12倍。养分流失在数量和质量上皆取决于垫面构成。提出了利用坡地集雨优势,构建与单元生态系统水循环平衡相适应的坡地农林复合生态系统,并通过水平衡生态建设来维系生态系统的水分平衡。     

磷肥和石灰对酸性土壤上一年生黑麦草生长的影响

在二种强酸性、严重缺磷的土壤上,对一年生黑麦草做了磷肥和石灰用量的盆栽试验,结果表明：严重缺磷的土壤,施磷可成倍增加黑麦草产量;黄筋混需磷量相对红砂土较高些,施磷量与收获后土壤速效磷含量与黑麦草产量密切相关,但土壤效磷的等级指标,在红砂土应比黄筋泥高些,石灰的增产作用远比磷肥低,增产效果还因施磷量不同而不同,在施石灰提高土壤ＰＨ达５．５的范围内,施磷量低的处理产量随灰石灰施用量的增加而增加。施磷量     

稻瘟菌菌体可溶性蛋白和同工酶的凝胶电泳分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析了来至水稻和马唐寄主的23个致病性不同的稻瘟菌菌株的可溶性蛋白、酯酶和酸性磷酸酯酶的图谱。结果表明，二类寄主菌株的可溶蛋白和酯酶图谱有明显不同，而酸性磷酸酯酶图谱的差异，不显著。同一寄主内的菌株，彼此在电泳图型上非常相似，只是在少数带的染色强弱上有一定差异．但未发现这些话带的变比同病菌致病性直接相关的依据。     

石灰岩地区山原红壤连续施磷对玉米产量及土壤肥力的影响

连续8年定位试验，研究了在红壤旱地上连续施用磷肥对玉米的增产效果和对土壤养分的影响。缺磷是石灰岩地区红壤的障碍因子，施磷有明显的增产效果；连续施磷能增加土壤中有效磷含量和阳离子代换量。磷肥与农家肥或绿肥配合施用，能增加土壤有机质、速效钾和缓效钾含量，降低土壤容重，是改良培肥低产红壤，加强地力建设，提高土地生产潜力的根本措施。     

红壤旱地红麻亩产熟麻250公斤栽培技术优化数学模型的研究

本研究用不同肥料配比和不同密度的相互关系,及其对产量的影响,利用二次正交旋转组合设计进行试验,并用计算机模拟,求得各指标的四元二次方程和各指标的最佳方案,对主效和互作进行了分析,得出了具有理论与实验意义的结论。以1号方案为最佳,2、3号方案与1号方案相差不大,也可根据实际情况加以选用。     

大豆钟子贮藏期间活力变化规律及PEG处理效应

在正规的仓贮条件下,经不同年限贮藏的大豆种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、萌动过程中酸性磷酸酯酶活性和ATP水平下降,与种子活力呈正相关;电导率和丙二醛含量有所升高,与种子活力呈负相关。证明膜及线粒体等发生了生理上的改变,最终表现为田间出苗率及整齐度降低。隔年贮藏的大豆种子田间出苗率与新种子的差异达到极显著。隔年贮藏的大豆种子用浓度为20％的PEG水溶液在15℃条件下处理48小时,活力明显提高,表现为发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、酸性磷酸醋酶活性、ATF水平提高,电导率下降:田间出苗率显著增加,后者与隔一年后收获的种子无明显差异。     

Effects of different supplements on tetraploid black locust (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Robinia pseudoacacia</Emphasis> L.) silage

Preparation of silage is a common method to preserve green forage. It plays an important role in improving forage utilization,