国外研究

科学家警告,H1N1猪流感病毒与在亚洲家禽中流行的禽流感病毒共存可以产生具有更大杀伤力的杂交病毒。研究结果发现,在实验室内混合这两种病毒的基因可以产生127个杂交病毒     

Assessing citizen science opportunities in forest monitoring using probabilistic topic modelling

Background： With mounting global environmental, social and economic pressures the resilience and stability of forests and thus the provisioning of vital ecosystem services is increasingly threatened. Intensified monitoring can help to detect ecological threats and changes earlier, but monitoring resources are limited. Participatory forest monitoring with the help of ＂citizen scientists＂ can provide additional resources for forest monitoring and at the same time help to communicate with stakeholders and the general public. Examples for citizen science projects in the forestry domain can be found but a solid, applicable larger framework to utilise public participation in the area of forest monitoring seems to be lacking. We propose that a better understanding of shared and related topics in citizen science and forest monitoring might be a first step towards such a framework.
Methods： We conduct a systematic meta-analysis of 1015 publication abstracts addressing ＂forest monitoring＂ and ＂citizen science＂ in order to explore the combined topical landscape of these subjects. We employ ＇topic modelling an unsupervised probabilistic machine learning method, to identify latent shared topics in the analysed publications. Results： We find that large shared topics exist, but that these are primarily topics that would be expected in scientific publications in general. Common domain-specific topics are under-represented and indicate a topical separation of the two document sets on ＂forest monitoring＂ and ＂citizen science＂ and thus the represented domains. While topic modelling as a method proves to be a scalable and useful analytical tool, we propose that our approach could deliver even more useful data if a larger document set and full-text publications would be available for analysis.
Conclusions： We propose that these results, together with the observation of non-shared but related topics, point at under-utilised opportunities for public participation in forest monitoring. Citizen science c     

热磨机械浆（TMP）纤维中密度纤维板的表征

德国汉堡杜能研究所（Thunen Institute）的科学家一直与阿尔费尔德（Alfeld）的格雷康（GreCon）公司开发TMP纤维中密度板特征内嵌系统。杜能研究所的Jan Benthien描述道：这是一个脱机纤维分析系统。     

科学家揭秘感冒真相 感冒后必做的9件事

近日气温忽冷忽热,是感冒高发的季节,各种预防、治疗感冒的良方又开始受到大家关注。感冒到底是怎么回事？感冒后应该怎么办？美国最新研究为我们揭示了这一系列问题的答案。     

The Two Cultures of Science： Implications for University-Industry Relationships in the U.S. Agriculture Biotechnology

Partnerships between U.S. universities and industries have existed for several decades and in recent years have become generally more varied, wider in scope, more aggressive and experimental and higher in public visibility. In addition, in the last few decades, public and private interests have advocated for government policies and laws to globally promote the commercialization of university science. This paper examines the persistence or convergence of the two cultures of science and the implications of this commercialization for university-industry relationships in agriculture biotechnology. The perceptions and values of over 200 U.S. university and industry scientists, managers and administrators who participate in or oversee research collaborations in agricultural biotechnology were analyzed. The findings revealed that the participants in these research relationships continue to perceive very distinct cultures of science and identify a wide range of concerns and disadvantages of these partnerships. Several actions were discussed to ensure that the two cultures serve complementary roles and that they maximize the public benefits from these increasing collaborations.     

中美科学家首次发现一种能感染蜜蜂的植物病毒

<正>由中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所李继莲副研究员和美国农业部蜜蜂研究室陈彦平博士等组成的科研团队,最新研究发现了一种感染蜜蜂的植物病毒——烟草环斑病毒(TRSV)。这是首次报道这种植物病毒传染到蜜蜂上,可能有助于解释蜂群衰竭失调(CCD)的原因。相关研究成果于2014年1月21日在线发表在美     

薯类营养各有千秋

红薯所含纤维素不是最多,但是最好,且以水溶性的为主,总纤维含量也不少,是防治便秘较好的食物。挑选时,尽量选颜色深的,所含的类胡萝卜素等营养物质更丰富。红薯有抗癌作用,主要归功于红薯含有的一种特殊成分：脱氢表雄酮。这种激素可以防癌并且延缓衰老。美国科学家研究发现,这种成分对于预防乳腺癌和结肠癌尤其有效。     

地球超级微生物可能偷渡火星成为新殖民者

<正>据英国每日邮报报道,地球超级微生物不久将搭载太空飞船进入太空,可能抵达火星,科学家很容易将它们误认为是火星生命。美国宇航局研究员卡斯瑟里-温卡特斯瓦兰(Kasthuri Venkateswaran)博士对地球微生物十分关注,认为很可能它们会与人类竞争"殖民火星"。他强调称,近期研究表明一些微生物的生命力非常顽强,远超出最初预期,其保护机制能够幸存于深太空飞行中。当前太空飞船着陆火星或者其它行星可以存在生命的区域,必须满足微生物最大化生存条件,这些允许生命存在的条件是基于研究多     

我国培育出“版纳微型猪”

国际科学界近大半个世纪都没有攻克的难题——大型哺乳类实验动物近交系，被我国科学家成功破解。权威专家认为，云南农业大学成功培育的“版纳微型猪”近交系，是我国原始创新的重大科技成果．对生物医学研究意义重大。     

科学家发现香米“致香”基因

美国农业部科学家最近成功培育出肉脆、凉爽、低糖，同时又富含番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素的微型西瓜新品种。新型西瓜的番茄红素每百克含量为6700～9600微克，而普通西瓜则为3700～6900微克，新型西瓜的β-胡萝卜素每百克含量为1100～1400微克，而普通西瓜则为300微克。普通西瓜的糖含量有14％，所以普通西瓜对不宜食用过多糖的人是不合适的。相比之下，新型西瓜的糖含量则低于6％。此外，新型西瓜直径约为15厘米，重量为1．3～3．0千克左右，无籽，皮薄，昧道里外均匀。因此，这种新型西瓜深受糖尿病患者的欢迎。