土壤多样性: 中国山东省基于1:100万比例尺的SOTER的实例研究

The diversity of soils derived from different parent materials and developed on different terrains inShandong Province, China, was analyzed with the theory of pedodiversity using a 1:1000000 scale soilsand terrain digital database (SOTER) of Shandong Province in a geographical information system (GIS)environment. Diversity index of soils derived from different parent materials followed the sequence of igneousrock ＞ sedimentary rock ＞ metamorphic rock ＞ unconsolidated material. Diversity index of soils developedon different terrains followed the sequence of plain ＞ medium-gradient mountain ＞ medium-gradient hill＞ valley floor ＞ medium-gradient escarpment zone ＞ depression ＞ high-gradient mountain. Abundancedistributions of these soil groups matched the logarithmic normal distributions.     

黄土高原沟壑区梁坡地土壤有机碳质量分数与土地利用方式的响应

通过对比分析陕西省王东沟流域梁坡地上农地、果园、人工林地、草地和苜蓿Medicago sativa地土壤有机碳质量分数及其在土壤剖面上分布差异,研究土地利用方式对土壤有机碳的影响.结果表明:果园土壤有机碳质量分数比农地低2.2%,人工林地、草地和苜蓿地分别比农地高25.3%,17.1%和11.6%;土壤有机碳质量分数在土壤剖面上随着土层的加深而降低,不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳在剖面上的分布特征不同.不同土地利用方式下,土壤全氮与土壤有机碳存在极显著相关关系.图1表3参16     

不同淋洗剂和淋洗条件下重金属污染土壤淋洗修复研究进展

土壤淋洗修复技术作为一种快速有效的污染土壤治理技术越来越受到重视,其适用于受高浓度重金属污染的土壤。着重阐述了近年来不同淋洗剂以及淋洗条件对重金属污染土壤的修复效果,并综述了不同淋洗剂对不同形态重金属淋洗效果,讨论了淋出液的处理及淋洗剂的回收,同时介绍了国内外重金属污染土壤淋洗修复工程实践。指出在众多淋洗剂中以天然有机酸因低生态毒性和高降解性而最具有研究前景。应综合考虑各影响因素,选择最优条件达到最好的修复效果,而在选择淋洗剂时,也应考虑其本身的生物降解性和生态毒性。无论哪种淋洗剂,均以可交换态和碳酸盐结合态形式存在的重金属容易被淋出,而相对稳定的残渣态较难去除。本文最后提出了研究中存在的问题,并展望了今后淋洗技术的研究方向,旨在为研究重金属污染土壤修复技术提供理论依据。     

绿地土壤孔隙度检测方法及其对土壤肥力评价的重要性

为研究不同测定方法对土壤孔隙度大小及孔隙度对土壤肥力的影响,以上海辰山植物园典型绿地土壤和自然土壤为例,分析农业和林业2种检测方法对土壤孔隙度测定结果的影响;以上海世博会规划区典型土样为例,分析主要物理指标对绿地土壤评价结果的影响。结果表明:2种方法测定绿地土壤孔隙度差异明显,其中农业方法测定的总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度均显著高于林业方法(P0.05),但毛管孔隙度差异不显著;2种方法测定的自然土壤的孔隙度各组成差异不显著(P0.05);林业方法更适宜绿地土壤孔隙度的检测;非毛管孔隙度比土壤容重对绿地土壤肥力影响大(P0.01),应作为绿地土壤肥力评价的重要指标。     

盐胁迫下马蔺的生理反应研究

Chinese iris （Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis （Fisch） Koidz.）, a robust iridaceous plant, is widespread in arid and semiarid regions with high salinity. However, the mechanism of its salt tolerance is not well understood. In this study, plant growth, water status, content and distribution of inorganic ions, cell membrane permeability, and proline content of I. laetea under salt stress were investigated using nutrient solutions with six NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 350 mmol L^-1. The results indicated that the biomass, height, fresh weight, K^＋ content, and K^＋/Na^＋ and Ca^2＋/Na^＋ ratios decreased with increasing NaCl stress, whereas plant water deficit and contents of Na^＋ and Cl- increased with increasing NaCl stress. In all salt treatments, water deficit of shoots was found to be higher than that of roots and had a positive correlation with salt concentration. When the NaCl concentration was less than 280 mmol L^-1, the ion absorption selectivity ratio and the transportation selectivity ratio sharply increased with increasing NaCl stress. Under medium salt stress, I. lactea exhibited a strong K^＋ selective absorption and the transportation of K^＋ from roots to shoots increased, whereas Na^＋ was not transported and was mostly retained in roots. The plants were able to maintain osmotic adjustment through the accumulation of Na^＋, Cl-, and proline. On the basis of its biomass production under salt stress, I. lactea could be considered as a facultative halophyte.     

章古台沙地松树人工林土壤无机氮、微生物生物量碳及微生物生物量氮

The dynamics of soil inorganic nitrogen （NH4^＋ -N and NO3^- -N） and microbial biomass carbon （Cmic） and nitrogen （Nmic） under 30-year-old fenced Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litvin （SF）, unfenced P. sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litvin （SUF）, and unfenced Pinus densiflora Siebold et Zucc. （DUF） plantations in the Zhanggutai sandy soil of China were studied during Apr. to Oct. 2004 by the in situ closed-top core incubation method. All mentioned C and N indices in each stand type fluctuated over time. The ranges of inorganic N, Cmic, and Nmic contents in the three stand types were 0.7-2.6, 40.0-128.9, and 5.4-15.2 μg g^-1, respectively. The average contents of soil NH4^＋ -N and Cmic under the three 30-year-old pine plantations were not different. However, soil NO3^ -N and total inorganic N contents decreased in the order of SUF ≥ SF ≥ DUF, the Nmic content was in the order of SF = SUF 〉 DUF, and the Cmic：Nmic ratio was in the order of SUF = DUF 〉 SF. Seasonal variations were observed in soil inorganic N, microbial biomass, and plant growth. These seasonal variations had certain correlations with microbe and plant N use in the soil, and their competition for NH4^＋ -N was mostly regulated by soil N availability. The influence of tree species on inorganic N and Nmic were mainly because of differences in litter quality. Lack of gazing decreased the Cmic：Nmic ratio owing to decreased carbon output and increased the ability of soil to supply N. The soil N supply under the P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation was lower than under the P. densiflora plantation.     

《土壤学报》征稿简则

本刊反映土壤学各分支学科的最新研究成果,主要刊登本领域具有原始创新性的学术论文,以及能反映现代土壤科学发展方向的优秀综述与评论文章,同时也刊登研究简报、重大研究项目进展和问题讨论、学术动态、重要会讯及本领域重要参考书书评等稿件。对于优质稿件,本刊优先发表。本刊向国内外发行。读者对象主要为土壤学及相关学科的科技人员、高等院校师生和管理干部。来稿要求及注意事项如下:1·论点明确,数据可靠,论据充分,条理清楚,文字精练。稿件的体例格式请参考近期本刊。2·来稿请用A4纸隔行单面打印。表格采用三线表,数据纵栏列出。图表数据需进行统计分析。图件、照片清晰准确。图题、图例、图注、表题、表头、表注等同时用中、     

《北京林业大学学报》征稿简则

1征稿范围为保持学科特色,本刊重点接收以林木遗传育种学、森林培育学森林经理学、森林生态学、树木生理学、森林土壤学、森林植物学、森林保护学、自然保护区学、园林植物与观赏园艺、水土保持与荒漠化防治、森林工程、木材科学与技术、林产化学加工工程,其他学科在林学上的应用等为研究对象、以长期实验或观测为依据的稿件。     

环境土壤学——回顾与展望

环境土壤学是一门新兴的、土壤学和环境科学交叉融合的综合性学科，其研究重点从早期服务于农业安全生产发展至现在的土壤环境与健康，本文从土壤外源物质侵袭和土壤质量演变对土壤环境影响等方面回顾了环境土壤学发展历程。土壤污染物对土壤环境质量影响是以土壤元素背景值和环境现状调查为基础，以明确污染物形态，揭示土壤反应过程机制，评估污染效应，开展土壤环境修复工程为主线不断发展更新。土壤质量演变研究中碳、氮、硫、磷元素循环从土壤肥力和农业非点源污染的探讨拓展至土壤对全球气候变化的适应与响应；土壤退化研究则从对土壤生产力或功能丧失的研究发展至全球气候变化背景下农业发展可持续性及土壤生态功能的研究。环境土壤学在今后有四个重要发展趋势：提倡多学科交叉融合；评估全球气候变化对土壤元素循环的潜在影响；完善土壤健康评价框架中的土壤环境评价指标建立；学科发展服务于国家重大需求。