中国成功获得第十三届国际土壤微形态学大会主办权

第十二届国际土壤微形态学大会于2004年9月20～26日在土耳其的阿达拉召开。中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所的贺秀斌研究员代表中国土壤学会向国际土壤微形态学专业委员会提出在中国主办第十三届大会的申请，经过申请陈述和答辩，成功获得第十三届国际土壤微形态学大会的主办权。同时提交申请的还有加拿大、巴西和波兰。国际土壤微形态学大会是四年一届定期举行的土壤学、     

水稻耐盐性的机理

Shaheen Basmati was evolved as a salt tolerant fine rice variety by the Soil Salinity Research Institute,Pindi Bhattian, Pakistan. Water culture studies were conducted to investigate the physiological mechanism exercised by this variety in particular and rice plant in general to face the saline environment. Performance of this rice variety and the concentration and uptake of ions were studied under stress of three salinity levels(30, 60 and 90 mmolL^-1) created with NaC1. Recorded data indicated that shoot dry matter was not significantly affected by all the three levels of salinity. However, NaC1 levels of 60 and 90 mmol L^-1 affected the root dry matter significantly. Sodium concentration and uptake was enhanced significantly in root and shoot at the first level of salinity (30 mmol L^-1) but thereafter the differences were non-significant, indicating the preferential absorption of this cation. The K concentration decreased significantly in shoots at all the levels. The impact was less pronounced in roots as far as K absorption was concerned. The effect on Ca and Mg concentrations was not significant. The values of K:Na, Ca:Na and (Ca Mg):Na ratios in shoot and root were comparatively low under stress conditions, indicating that selective ion absorption may be the principal salt tolerance mechanism of variety Shaheen Basmati when grown in a saline medium.     

《广西林业科学》投稿指南

《广西林业科学》(季刊)是广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院主办的林业学术期刊,主要刊登森林培育、林木遗传育种、森林基础科学(森林土壤学、森林植物学、森林生态学、林木生理学等)、森林保护、森林经营、森林经理、观赏园艺、林业工程、林业机械、林产化工等方面的论文。     

长江三角洲绰墩遗址古水稻土孢粉和植硅体分析

A number of paddy fields pertaining to the Majiabang Cultures （5500-3800 years BC） were discovered during the archaeological excavations that were carried out since 1998 at the Chuodun site in the Yangtze River Delta. The pollen and phytolith analyses of two soil profiles from the northeastern part of this site were carried out to trace the agricultural practices of the Neolithic period. The phytolith results showed that rice domestication in the Yangtze River Delta could be traced back to as early as the Majiabang Culture. The pollen assemblage also revealed low levels of aquatic species, similar to that in modern paddy fields. This finding suggested that humans might have removed weeds for rice cultivation during the Neolithic period. Thus, pollen analysis in association with phytolith analysis was a promising method for identifying ancient paddy fields.     

黑麦草对土壤径流与产沙的调控效应

By using speetrally stable targets, the empirical line （EL） method was tested to correct the multispectral IKONOS imagery acquired over Putuo Mountain, Zhejiang, China. A series of calibration targets, which were spectrally stable over time, were selected to establish the linear predicted equation. Subsequently, a series of spectrally stable validation targets were selected to assess the accuracy of the equations. And, validation targets, which were speetrally unstable over time, were used to test the feasibility of using the EL method to calibrate the archival remotely sensed data. Ground reflectance measurements for each target were made using an ASD FieldSpec spectroradiometer. A Trimble GeoXTTM GPS unit with sub-meter accuracy was used to estimate the target position accurately. Linear regression equations for four tKONOS bands were derived. The coefficients of determination for the blue, green, and red bands were all greater than 0.9800 and it was 0.9697 for the near infrared band. It was concluded that reasonable results could be obtained by using speetrally stable targets.     

土壤有机碳储量估算与土地利用的关系研究

土地利用方式的变化在土壤有机碳(Soil Organic Carbon,SOC)积累的过程中起着非常重要的作用。目前在估算土壤有机碳储量的过程中,一直没有重视土地利用属性。运用基于土壤学专业知识的连接方法 (pedological professional knowledge-based method,PKB法),结合江苏省新沂县1∶20万土壤图,1∶20万土地利用图和1∶20万土壤类型土地利用混合图,估算了各图在不同土壤剖面点数情况下的新沂县SOC储量,并将三者在最佳剖面点数下估算出的SOC储量和SOC密度(SOCD)进行了比较及精度评价。结果表明:在土壤类型图、土地利用图和土壤类型土地利用混合图上进行的PKB法连接时最佳剖面点数均为397点,最佳网格为2 km×2 km;在中比例尺图件上进行PKB法连接估算SOC储量时,综合考虑土壤类型和土地利用类型可以大大提高估算精度,同时土地利用类型属性比土壤类型属性更为重要。研究结果可为在中比例尺条件下提高SOC估算精度提供科学依据。     

前言

《土壤学报》创刊至今已经60周年,它见证和记录了我国土壤科学的发展历程。《土壤学报》创刊之初,定名为《中国土壤学会会志》。随着土壤科学研究领域不断拓展、研究不断深入和队伍不断壮大,《土壤学报》也不断发展,1952年更名为《土壤学报》,从半年刊(1955~1956年)扩大到季刊(1957~2001年)再到双月刊(2002年至今)。目前,《土壤学报》在我国农学类科学杂志中占有重要的地位,而且还在介绍和传播环境科学、生态学、植物营养学、肥料学等学科的最新研究进展方面发挥了重要作用。本着记录土壤科学点滴发展、服务于我国广大土壤科学工作者的宗旨,在《土壤学报》创刊60周年之际,《土壤学报》编辑部特邀请了     

“数字土壤”——21世纪土壤学面临的机遇与挑战

本文在“数字地球”概念的基础上率先提出了“数学土壤”的概念以及两者间相互依托的密切关系 .深入浅出地论述了发展“数学土壤”是社会的迫切需求 ,也是学科发展的必然趋势 ;阐明了发展中国“数字土壤”已具备的基本条件和急需解决的热点问题 ;简要地描述了“数字土壤”在解决人口与资源、环境以及自然灾害等全球性问题上应具有的作用 ,指出为迎接“数字地球”的挑战 ,2 1世纪土壤学应不失时机地发展“数字土壤” ,尤其重要的是发展中国的“数字土壤”     

《环境土壤学》教学改革初探

针对《环境土壤学》教学过程中存在的问题,从教材选择、课时安排、教学内容、教学方法、教学手段等方面进行了一系列改革,并取得了良好的教学效果。