可变电荷土壤吸附磷酸根后对Cu、Zn、Cd次级吸附的影响

研究了三个可变电荷土壤吸附磷酸根后对Cu、Zn、Cd次级吸附和解吸的影响。结果表明,供试土壤对重金属的次级吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,次级吸附量的大小顺序是,湖北孝感黄棕壤>湖北咸宁红壤>湖南桃源红壤。土壤吸附磷酸根后,可使重金属的次级吸附量增加,解吸率下降,并有线性关系。供试土壤吸附磷酸根后,表面负电荷增加,表面负电荷的增量与重金属次级吸附量的增量呈线性关系,这表明土壤吸附磷酸根后,表面负电荷的增加,可能是影响重金属次级吸附的重要原因之一。     

提高植物叶片面积测量精度的方法

介绍了用CCD（Charge Coupled Device) 提高植物叶片面积测量精度的方法，分析了采用不同的图像获取设备时影响测量精度的各种因素。讨论了使用数码相机时消除线性几何畸变影响的方法，使利用数码相机实现非破坏性测量真正走向了实用化。     

长江中下游第四纪沉积物发育土壤的研究─—电荷特性及其分类意义

对长江中下游地区第四纪沉积物发育土壤的电荷特性作了初步研究，结果表明：①土壤有效阳离子交换量（ＥＣＥＣ）值，粘盘壤＞粘盘黄棕壤＞棕红壤＞红壤；阴离子交换量ＡＥＣ，可变电荷量ＣＥＣｖ／ＣＥＣ＿３．２，电荷零点ｐＨ＿０，粘盘壤＞粘盘黄棕壤＞棕红壤＞红壤。②土壤的电荷特性与土壤的粘粒矿物组成和氧化物数量有关，它可以很好地显示土壤的发育程度，③土壤的电荷特性可用于土壤分类，作者对此提出了相应的指标值。     

土壤有机矿质复合体的表面电荷特性及对锌的吸附

供试土样为中国的棕壤，红壤和赤红壤及巴基斯的ｇｕｊｒａｎｗａｌａ ｓｅｒｉｅｓ和ｋｏｔｌｉｓｅｒｉｅｓ．与Ｈ－粘粒比，Ｈ－粘粒复合体有较多的净负电荷和较少的正电荷，在红壤和赤红壤中，Ｈ－粘粒复合体的表面积比Ｈ－１粘粒大，但在棕壤，ｇｕｊｒａｎｗａｌａ，ｓｅｒｉｅｓ和ｋｏｔｌｉｓｅｒｉｅｓ中则相反。在ｐＨ近７．０时，因有机质而使负电荷百分数增加的次序为赤红壤＞红壤＞ｇｕｊｒａｎｗａｌａｓｅｒｉｅｓ＞     

牛巨噬细胞天然抗性蛋白Ⅰ基因可变剪接体(NRAMPI-ISO)的克隆及在细胞和组织中的表达

巨噬细胞天然抗性蛋白1 (NRAMP1)可抑制结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium)和布氏杆菌(Brucella)等多种胞内寄生病原菌的感染,提高动物机体的抗病能力.本研究从秦川牛脾脏中克隆了NRA MP1基因的一种可变剪接体NRA MPI-ISO,序列分析表明,NRA MPI-ISO比NRAMP1多了第3个内含子,从而导致编码序列提前终止于第3个内含子,NRA MPI-ISO编码200个氨基酸.为了探索可变剪接体NRAMPI-ISO的表达情况,本研究分别构建了原核表达载体pET-41-NRA MPI-ISO和真核表达载体pEGFP-NRA MPI-ISO.原核表达载体pET-41 -NRA MPI-ISO可在不同浓度的IPTG诱导下在大肠杆菌BL21中高效表达.真核表达载体pEGFP-NRA MPI-ISO转染牛成纤维细胞后,EGFP-NRAMP 1-ISO融合蛋白分布在细胞核和细胞质中,而正常的NRAMP1蛋白只分布在细胞质的溶酶体膜周围.半定量RT-PCR检测表明,NRA MPI-ISO基因在心、脾脏、肺脏等组织有较高的表达,而在脑、胰、生殖嵴中的表达量相对较低.本研究为进一步研究NRA MPI-ISO基因生物学功能提供了重要信息.     

Adsorption Kinetics of Pb^2＋ and Cu^2＋ on Variable Charge Soils and Minerals：I.Technique

A new technique for studying the adsorption kinetics of heavy metals,Pb^2 and Cu^2 ,on variable charge surfaces was established with two selective electrodes and microcomputer control system.Feasibility of the technique,including interference of other ions (mainly Fe^3 and Al^3 ),response time of electrodes,and the pH range of testing,was studied.Comparision with the most widely used miscible displacement technique,which was considered insufficient in studying 30-minute rapid reactions,at present time showed that the new technique was more advantageous in testing in situ,easy to operate,and economic.     

硫酸盐和氟化物的吸附与氧化土一些表面化学性质的关系

Adsorption of sulfate by Oxisols and the consequent release of hydroxyl both decreased markedly after removal of iron oxides suggesting that iron oxides were the chief carrier of hydroxyl groups capable of ligand exchange with sulfate in Oxisols. Compared with sulfate, adsorption of fluoride and consequent release of hydroxyl were lower and were less affected by removal of iron oxides.     

Study on Water-Soluble Organic Reducing Substances: II. Organic Reducing Substances Produced from Anaerobic Decomposition of Milk Vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.)

The characteristics of electric charge and molecular weight distribution,oxidation-reduction regimes,e.g.Eh and amounts of organic reducing substances produced by milk vetch during anaerobic decomposition process,were studied by using electrochemical methods.Interaction between soils and organic reducing substances was also observed.The results indicate that the organic reducing substances were mainly the organic compounds with negative and amphoteric charges,which were distributed in two groups at anodic peak potentials of 0.25 and 0.69 volt in differential pulse voltammograms,respectively.Their apparent molecular weights are all less than 700 daltons,in which those active in oxidation-reducion reaction were distributed in the fraction with apparent molecular weight less than 200 daltons.The organic reduction substances can be oxidized by manganese oxides in their interaction with soils.