利用对β-谷甾醇含量的检测鉴别生鲜乳中掺假植物脂肪的研究

本试验建立了气相色谱―质谱法测定生鲜乳中β-谷甾醇的检测方法,由于理论研究表明生鲜乳中的乳脂肪是动物油脂,不应含有或很少含有植物油脂中特有的甾醇β-谷甾醇,因此对多个地区生鲜乳中β-谷甾醇的本底含量进行分析,给出生鲜乳中掺假植物油脂的鉴定方法。用质量比1.25的氢氧化钾水溶液25 mL皂化样品,100 mL维生素C的乙醇溶液作为稳定剂和抗氧化剂,皂化液用石油醚和乙醚萃取,转溶剂至甲苯,离心进样质谱。选用高柱效的60 m DB-5毛细管柱,进样量1 μL,程序升温在35 min内实现β-谷甾醇与其他醇类及杂质的良好分离。选择离子414定量,检出限为0.10 mg/L,线性相关系数r=0.9991。运用该方法对6个地区生鲜乳中β-谷甾醇含量进行检测,结果得到最高值为0.86 mg/L,常见植物油中β-谷甾醇的含量为1～3 g/L。表明生鲜乳中利用植物脂肪代替乳脂肪时,每提高1%植物脂肪将多产生最少相当于本底量12倍的β-谷甾醇,从而判定生鲜乳中是否掺假植物脂肪。     

一株聚β-羟基丁酸（PHB）产生菌的分离纯化及鉴定

本研究从土样中分离纯化出一株PHB高产菌株P-9,通过对其进行形态学和生理生化反应特征研究,初步鉴定为苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis）。进一步研究P-9菌的生长规律,发现P-9菌生长的延迟期为0-24 h,24 h后进入对数生长期,同时积累PHB,84 h时细胞进入稳定生长期,108 h时PHB产量达到最大,达1.25 g/L。     

Effects of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and γ-Oryzanol on Blood Biochemical Markers in Exercising Thoroughbred Race Horses

In both the horse and the man, nutritional ergogenic aids have been used to improve physical ability in conjunction with an appropriate training regimen. Although training increases physical condition, the ease of taking a nutritional additive to improve training results explains the demand for supplementation, which may increase mechanical energy of work, delay onset of fatigue, or improve neuromuscular coordination. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of oral supplementation of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) and γ-oryzanol (GO) on indices of exercise-induced muscle damage in Thoroughbred race horses. In this 32-week study, the horses were assigned to either a placebo, GO (3.0 g/d), HMB (15 g/d), or GO and HMB treatment groups. The supplements were administered for the first 16 weeks of the study during the training period before the racing season began. Blood samples were taken at baseline, and then during training, before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 30 minutes after exercise. Heart rate and speed were monitored in each exercise session. Hematocrit, glucose, lactate (LA), creatine phosphokinase, and aspartate aminotransferase were measured before and after each exercise session. Analysis of variance showed a significantly greater increase in postexercise creatine kinase activity in placebo-supplemented group than in the other treatment groups, both in the training period and during the racing seasons (P < .05). Blood LA was higher immediately after exercise in the placebo group compared with the supplemented groups. In conclusion, supplementation with HMB and GO resulted in decreased creatine kinase and LA after exercise. These findings support the hypothesis that HMB and GO supplementation helps to prevent exercise-induced muscle damage.     

电刺激疑核对TNBS诱导的IBD大鼠TGF－β表达的影响

为探讨疑核对炎症性肠病（inflammatory bowel disease,IBD）相关细胞因子TGF-β的调控作用以及在IBD的发生发展过程中发挥的作用,以三硝基苯磺酸（TNBS）诱导IBD大鼠动物模型通过Real-Time PCR和ELISA方法,利用疑核定位技术,检测急性电刺激疑核前后,细胞因子TGF-β在TNBS诱导的IBD大鼠结肠、胸腺、脾脏、外周血淋巴细胞中mRNA水平的变化和血清中蛋白浓度的变化。结果表明,急性电刺激IBD大鼠疑核后TGF-βmRNA表达水平在结肠、脾脏和外周血淋巴细胞中均显著高于对照组和假刺激组;而在胸腺中TGF-βmRNA表达降低。急性电刺激IBD大鼠疑核后血清中TGF一8蛋白浓度显著高于对照组和假刺激组。由此认为,疑核可能通过对IBD相关细胞因子TGF一8的调控,介导IBD的发生、发展过程,从而对IBD的发生、发展发挥调节作用。     

上皮间质转化促乳腺癌机制及药物干预治疗研究进展

乳腺癌是犬、猫等伴侣动物与人类常发疾病,作为人类及动物常患恶性肿瘤和主要致死肿瘤之一,其疾病负担仍呈逐步加重趋势,乳腺癌的预防及治疗形势愈加严峻。上皮间质转化(EMT)是乳腺癌发生发展中重要的生物学过程。EMT还可促进恶性肿瘤的侵袭、扩散及耐药,因此它在肿瘤的研究中日益受到关注,靶向于EMT是治疗乳腺癌的重要研究方向与热点。文章就EMT发生过程中细胞形态功能及标志物的变化、EMT分类及EMT与乳腺癌的关系分别展开论述,详细解析了EMT相关TGF-β/Smad、NF-κB及Wnt信号通路转导途径;随后对乳腺癌治疗药物研究进展,包括TGF-β/Smad通路抑制剂开发,相关药物、基因及细胞因子治疗前景、NF-κB通路与Wnt通路抑制剂的动物试验研究结果进行了详细论述;最后对乳腺癌的治疗发展与趋势进行了展望。深入认识信号通路调控乳腺癌EMT的生物学过程,明确其发生发展机制,寻找关键靶点及开发靶向药物,将为乳腺癌的精准治疗带来曙光。     

黄芪多糖在LPS诱导的DF-1细胞炎症反应中的抗炎作用及其调节机制

为探讨黄芪多糖(Astragalus polysaccharide,APS)在LPS(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的鸡胚成纤维细胞系DF-1(chicken embryonic fibroblast cell line,DF-1)炎症模型中对IL-1β和TNF-α表达的影响,以及细胞因子信号转导抑...     

Activities of biotransformation enzymes in pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and their modulation by in vivo administration of mebendazole and flubendazole

Basal activities of certain pheasant hepatic and intestinal biotransformation enzymes and modulation of their activities by anthelmintics flubendazole (FLBZ) and mebendazole (MBZ) were investigated in subcellular fractions that were prepared from liver and small intestine of control and FLBZ or MBZ treated birds. Several oxidation, reduction and conjugation enzyme activities were assessed. In the liver, treatment of pheasants by FLBZ or MBZ caused very slight or no changes in monooxygenase activities and conjugation enzymes. More significative changes were detected in small intestine. Metyrapone and daunorubicin reductase activities were increased by both substances in the liver. This is the first evidence that certain benzimidazoles modulate reductases of carbonyl group. With respect to the relatively slight extent of the changes caused by FLBZ or MBZ we can assume that repeated administration of therapeutic doses of both FLBZ and MBZ has probably no serious influence on pheasant biotransformation enzyme system.     

鸡β-actin基因实时荧光定量PCR方法的建立

根据GenBank上鸡β-actin基因的序列，在保守区域设计并合成一对引物，采用SYBR Green I染料建立了荧光定量PCR法（real-time PCR）。以常规PCR产物为标准品，建立了标准曲线，并进行了熔解曲线分析。结果表明，标准曲线Ct值检测范围为12~31,扩增效率为95.1%；熔解曲线分析结果显示产物特异的单个峰，其Tm为88±0℃，检测周期从RNA提取到荧光定量PCR结束只需4 h。本试验建立的鸡β-actin基因实时荧光定量PCR法扩增效率高、检测范围广、检测周期短，为β-actin基因作为内参基因进行鸡功能基因与病原基因表达的定量分析奠定了基础。