庆阳地区黄花菜越冬覆盖水热效应研究

在西峰设置田间黄花菜越冬期地膜覆盖和玉米秸秆覆盖小区试验,观察越冬期土壤水分损耗、早春地温变化特征,并分析不同覆盖材料水、热资源对黄花菜发育期、生长量、产量构成要素的影响。结果发现:在秋季降水充沛、土壤底墒充足、冬季气温偏高、降水明显偏少的年型,越冬地膜覆盖能最大限度保持土壤水库蓄水,增加土壤水分利用率;提高春季地温,促使黄花菜生长发育进程加快,生长势旺盛,并在一定程度上降低春旱造成的危害,对增产增收十分有利。     

紫肉火龙果保护地栽培技术

紫肉火龙果为热带植物、亚热带植物,喜光耐阴、耐热耐旱。北方栽培要利用温室、塑料大棚等保护地生产。在栽培管理中利用水泥杆做支架,选向阳地段建园,栽培管理要薄肥勤施,及时浇水和排水,进行摘心、绑缚、修剪等植株管理,授粉、疏花疏果等花果管理,加强保护地温度、光照、空气湿度管理。     

低温弱光对大棚黄瓜生长发育影响的研究进展

低温弱光是大棚蔬菜栽培普遍面临的问题,低温弱光胁迫是影响植物生长发育和产量、品质的主要非生物胁迫.本文综述了黄瓜的温光需求特性和低温弱光对大棚黄瓜的生长特性、膜稳定性、光合作用等的影响,讨论了增强大棚黄瓜抵抗低温弱光的措施.希望以此为基础,为大棚黄瓜抗低温弱光的种质资源筛选和新品种选育提供理论依据.     

渭北旱塬杨家陇实验分区牧草引种栽培试验研究

本文根据连续3年的田间试验结果,对引种栽培的20种牧草,从物候期、覆盖度、茎叶比、青干比、生长速度、鲜草产量及抗逆性等七个方面进行对比分析,筛选出了适合渭北旱塬东部地区生态条件的优质高产草种,它们是豆科牧草中的红豆草、沙打旺和草原二号苜蓿等,以及禾本科牧草中的多花黑麦草、苇状羊茅和无芒雀麦等。从而为当地人工种草,强化农牧结合奠定了基础。     

低温弱光对苗期紫花苜蓿根颈生理特性的影响

以秋眠级不同的2个紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa品种(巨人201和WL414)为试验材料,研究了其在低温(0~5℃和5~10℃)与弱光[50和100μmol/(m2.s)]互作处理条件下的生理响应。结果表明:紫花苜蓿根颈在低温弱光胁迫下启动了自身应激机制,对逆境胁迫做出了适应性反应,相同弱光条件下,低温0~5℃比5~10℃对根颈的影响显著,过氧化物酶活性上升幅度较小,而超氧化物歧化酶活性的下降和丙二醛含量的增加幅度均较大;相同低温处理,弱光50μmol/(m2.s)处理对根颈生理指标影响更为显著,过氧化物酶活性上升、超氧化物歧化酶活性下降和丙二醛含量增加幅度大于弱光100μmol/(m2.s)处理;巨人201各项指标的变化都优于WL414,表明巨人201抗寒耐弱光能力都可能优于WL414。     

Characterization of Shiga toxin – producing Escherichia coli infections in beef feeder calves and the effectiveness of a prebiotic in alleviating Shiga toxin - producing Escherichia coli infections

Background

In the less-sensitive mouse model, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) challenges result in shedding that reflect the amount of infection and the expression of virulence factors such as Shiga toxins (Stx). The purpose of this study was to characterize the contribution of STEC diversity and Stx expression to shedding in beef feeder calves and to evaluate the effectiveness of a prebiotic, Celmanax®, to alleviate STEC shedding. Fecal samples were collected from calves at entry and after 35 days in the feedlot in spring and summer. STECs were evaluated using selective media, biochemical profile, serotyping and Stx detection. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA and logistic regression.

Results

At entry, non-O157 STEC were dominant in shedding calves. In spring, 21%, 14% and 14% of calves acquired O157, non-O157 and mixed STEC infections, respectively. In contrast, 45%, 48% and 46% of calves in summer acquired O157, non-O157 and mixed STEC infections, respectively. Treatment with a prebiotic, Celmanax®, in spring significantly reduced 50% of the O157 STEC infections, 50% of the non-O157 STEC infections and 36% of the STEC co-infections (P = 0.037). In summer, there was no significant effect of the prebiotic on STEC infections. The amount of shedding at entry was significantly related to the number and type of STECs present and Stx expression (r² = 0.82). The same relationship was found for shedding at day 35 (r² = 0.85), but it was also related to the number and type of STECs present at entry. Stx - producing STEC infections resulted in 100 to 1000 × higher shedding in calves compared with Stx-negative STECs.

Conclusions

STEC infections in beef feeder calves reflect the number and type of STECs involved in the infection and STEC expression of Stx. Application of Celmanax® reduced O157 and non-O157 STEC shedding by calves but further research is required to determine appropriate dosages to manage STEC infections.     

放牧强度对克氏针茅草原植物功能群的影响

植物功能群及其多样性是维持群落结构复杂性和稳定性的基础,一定程度上反映着草地生态系统的健康状况。本研究以内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原的克鲁伦河流域草原为研究对象,以植物生活型划分功能群类型,比较了3种放牧强度对植物功能群的组成结构、地上生物量和优势度的影响。结果表明,1)轻牧、中牧和重牧3种放牧条件下的总物种数分别为20、23和18种,符合"中度干扰假说";3种放牧强度下多年生非禾草物种数在群落中均占较高比例。2)轻度放牧条件下物种丰富度较低,但各放牧强度下功能群多样性无显著差异(P0.05),物种丰富度与功能群多样性无显著关系。3)随着放牧强度的增加,多年生禾草和灌木、半灌木在群落中的优势地位呈现下降趋势,与之相反,多年生非禾草优势地位越来越显著。重度放牧增加了一、二年生草本在群落中的物种数和地上生物量,但与轻牧、中牧相比,其优势度无显著变化(P0.05)。     

Evaluation of Olive Cultivars for Resistance to Verticillium dahliae

Resistance of 23 important olive cultivars to Verticillium dahliae has been evaluated in four experiments under controlled conditions. Nine-month-old nursery olive plants were inoculated with a cotton non-defoliating (ND) (V4) or a cotton defoliating (D) (V117) isolate of V. dahliae. Resistance was evaluated by assessing symptom severity using a 0–4 rating scale and estimating the area under disease progress curves. The percentage of plants killed and of those which recovered from the disease were used as additional parameters for including a particular cultivar into a defined category. Most of the evaluated cultivars were susceptible, although at different levels, to both isolates of V. dahliae. All cultivars were more susceptible to the D pathotype than to the ND one. A group of 11 cultivars, including several important Spanish cultivars, were susceptible or extremely susceptible to both pathotypes of V. dahliae. A second group showed differences of resistance depending on the pathotype used. They were susceptible or extremely susceptible to the D pathotype but resistant or moderately susceptible to the ND one. Finally, 'Frantoio', 'Oblonga' and 'Empeltre' were moderately susceptible to the D isolate of V. dahliae and resistant to the ND one. The resistance of 'Empeltre' was evident by the plant ability to recover from infection with either isolates. 'Empeltre' is considered to be a valuable cultivar for inclusion in breeding programmes for resistance to Verticillium wilt.     

城区绿化植物病虫害防治探索

对城区绿化植物病虫害防治策略进行了定位,并提出全程防治的8条措施。     

陕西省土地资源开发利用的战略思考

根据区域地貌特征,陕西省土地被分为5个开发利用区,即:风沙旱滩区,黄土丘陵沟壑区,黄土高原沟壑区,渭河平原区,秦巴山区,并对每区的开发利用战略进行了讨论。最后提出,人类必须遵循生态学原理,把现代农业技术和传统经验相结合,因地制宜,分区建立良好的区域经济生态系统。