利用ZXX-65真空循环熏蒸设备熏蒸仓储害虫的研究

用ZXX-65真空循环熏蒸设备在不同真空压力、熏蒸时间、药剂浓度条件下对选定的典型仓储实验试虫进行熏蒸，根据杀虫效果，筛选出害虫的最优熏蒸条件组合。结果表明，ZXX-65真空循环熏蒸设备可以在2h内杀死各种仓储害虫。40000Pa，60g/m^3，2h为仓储害虫的最优熏蒸条件组合。     

羊肚菌冷冻干燥加工技术研究

通过实验,研究确定了了冻干羊肚菌的共晶点和共融点,得到了最佳冻干曲线,通过对冻干羊肚菌和传统风干羊肚菌的理化指标及感官指标的比较,证实了冷冻干燥羊肚菌的加工工艺的优越性。     

水解真空干燥法处理禽畜废弃物

提出了一种畜禽废弃物的处理方法——水解真空干燥法。水解真空干燥法是采用高温、高压进行消毒灭菌，通过抽真空来充分干燥物料的一种处理废弃物方法，对禽畜废弃物的病菌、病毒灭活较为彻底，处理过程安全可靠，能做到无害化处理；同时还可以最大程度保留废弃物中营养成分，可作为饲料添加剂。     

Effects of Phosphate Type on the Quality of Vacuum-Tumbled Catfish Fillets

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of various agglomerated phosphate blends on the quality of vacuum-tumbled catfish fillets. Catfish fillets were tumbled with a brine solution at 15% over initial, raw weight prior to tray-packing and storage at 4°C for 10 days. Fillets were evaluated for protein exudate, tumbling yield, color, pH, cooking loss, tenderness, purge loss, and shelf life. A specific blend of agglomerated sodium phosphates (AGSP) that contains mono-, tri-, and polyphosphates had significantly less protein (p < 0.05) exudate and significantly higher pH (p < 0.05) than other treatments. All phosphate treatments significantly increased (p < 0.05) tenderness and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) purge loss, but agglomerated phosphate blends significantly decreased (p < 0.05) cooking loss and yellowness. Psychrotrophic plate counts for all phosphate treatments were similar to the control at each storage time. All phosphate treatments improved the yield and quality of catfish fillets, but the use of AGSP may optimize quality attributes.     

真空微波和冷冻干燥组合降低胡萝卜片的干燥能耗

为减少脱水蔬菜冷冻干燥过程的能耗,以胡萝卜片为试材,采用真空微波和冷冻干燥组合的工艺,即先微波真空后冻干（组合Ⅰ）和先冻干后微波真空干燥（组合Ⅱ）。组合Ⅰ的优化参数为：真空微波阶段微波功率密度1.6 w/g,脱去40个百分点的湿基水,冻干阶段升华干燥4 h,解析干燥3 h;组合Ⅱ的优化参数为：冻干阶段升华干燥7 h;真空微波干燥功率密度选1.0 w/g以下,采用温度控制模式。所干燥胡萝卜片的β-胡萝卜素保留率和复水率等与纯冻干产品接近,体积保留率比纯冻干稍小,但仍能保持平直的外形;2种组合干燥工艺比纯冻干分别节能47.0%和54.2%,且干燥时间可缩短一半。     

应用纹理分析方法在线监测苹果冻干含水率

在果蔬真空冷冻干燥过程中对果蔬物料含水率进行实时监测,可为冻干过程监控和优化提供依据。该文研究以冻干果蔬物料含水分图像纹理分析为技术手段,实现连续表达干燥过程中物料的含水率。试材选用苹果,采用环形光源和高速CCD组件,在冻干仓窗外分别采集原始苹果样本MA和经CuSO4溶液染色的苹果样本MB在一个完整冻干周期中表面含水纹理变化的动态图像,运用主成分分析法对图像均值等6个含水纹理特征指标进行统计分析,并对原始样本纹理特征的第一主分量与其含水率W1、染色样本含水纹理特征的第一主分量与其含水率W2、W1和W2分别进行非线性回归分析。结果表明,模型的决定系数达到0.9376、0.9289和0.9930,且显著性检验概率均<0.0001,模型检验极显著。同时,模型相对误差基本<3%。因此,由果蔬物料含水图像的纹理特征可实现含水率的在线监测。该方法不但为真空冷冻干燥加工过程控制探索一种利用水分图像处理方法进行水分在线监测的新方法,而且也可在其他干燥加工水分监测及过程控制中应用。     

真空预冷技术在子芋冷藏保鲜上的应用研究

将真空预冷技术配合塑料薄膜袋包装应用于冷藏保鲜子芋的预处理，研究不同的真空预冷处理工艺条件对子芋冷藏保鲜效果的影响，筛选最佳真空预冷工艺条件，并将保鲜效果同普通冷藏相比较。结果表明：采用真空室的真空度650 Pa，真空预冷终温4℃，预冷时间30 min进行真空预冷处理，并配合塑料薄膜袋包装的冷藏子芋比一般冷藏保鲜效果明显更好。表现在：冷藏30 d，外观饱满不皱皮，好果率提高19.5个百分点，失重率减少15.51个百分点，呼吸曲线明显下移，呼吸高峰推迟10 d出现，峰值减少20.2％。总糖保存率提高23.5个百分点。     

Effects of Pre-Stratification Storage Conditions on Black Walnut Seed Post-Stratification Germination Capacity

The objective of this work was to quantify changes in the germination capacity of Juglans nigra seeds following storage and then artificial stratification. Seeds were stored at 5 and –20 °C under 5% and 14% internal moisture content (IMC) for 0, 8, 10, and 12 months under conditions with oxygen or under vacuum. Germination percentage (GP) was affected by storage temperature, IMC, and storage period. Seeds stored with 5% IMC succeeded in germinating regardless of the temperature. Seeds stored with 14% IMC did not germinate (–20 °C) or germinated during storage (5 °C). The GP was reduced with the time of storage in seeds at –20 °C and 5% IMC and this effect was avoided in storage under vacuum. In conclusion, the germination capacity of black walnut seeds did not change for up to 12 months at low above-zero temperature and low IMC (5 °C, 5% IMC), being the most cost-effective alternative for long-term storage of black walnut seeds in commercial nurseries. Vacuum storage avoided the decrease of around 50% in average germination capacity of seeds stored for a year at –20 °C.     

基于主成分分析的吸鱼泵对鱼类损伤评价方法

采用主成分分析法建立吸鱼泵的损伤综合评价方法,为吸鱼泵的研究与改进提供装备技术参数。使用真空吸鱼泵对鲫鱼进行吸捕试验,获取鱼体损伤数据。通过测定体表损伤面积比率、24 h存活率、红细胞数量、白细胞数量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活力、肌酐(Cr)含量等多个关键指标值,采用主成分分析法进行相关性分析,建立损伤综合评价模型。结果显示：采用主成分分析法提取出3个主成分的累积贡献率达到78.232%,可反映出鱼体损伤的大部分情况;损伤评价综合评价模型：F=0.285X₁+0.111X₂+0.316X₃+0.366X₄-0.118X₅+0.234X₆,真空吸鱼泵对鱼的体表和内脏无显著损伤情况,综合得分-0.102,与对照组接近,表明真空吸鱼泵对鱼的损伤影响很小。研究表明,SOD活力、白细胞数和体表损伤面积比率是对损伤评价影响较大的数据指标,采用主成分分析法建立的综合损伤评价模型可以作为评价鱼损伤情况的一种可行方法,为吸鱼泵的改进研究提供了有力参考。