棉花蔗糖合成酶基因家族在纤维发育期时空表达模式分析

蔗糖合成酶(Sucrose Synthase)是调控植物糖类代谢的关键酶之一,在植物生长发育及渗透调节过程中起着重要的作用。该酶为多基因家族,各成员在植物不同组织及不同发育阶段发挥不同的作用。陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum)中有15个Sus成员,本研究利用转录组高通量测序及实时定量PCR技术,检测了该基因家族的表达模式。结果表明,Gh Sus1D、Gh Sus3A、Gh Sus3D和Gh Sus6D在起始期(0~3 DPA)大量表达;GhSus7D在10 DPA的纤维中表达量快速增加,达到同期突变体胚珠的4.7倍;Gh Sus1A、Gh Sus5D在纤维伸长期(5~15 DPA)表达量显著高于胚珠,分别在10 DPA、15 DPA时达到峰值;Gh Sus3A、Gh Sus3D、和Gh Sus6D在纤维发育(15 DPA)时表达量重新上升,且在20 DPA时仍处于较高表达水平。Sus基因家族组织表达模式分析表明,它们在陆地棉品种徐州142野生型和突变体中的组织表达模式基本相同,根、茎、叶、花中没有显著差异。但不同Sus基因具有不同的组织表达特异性。     

葡萄VvSUC12基因启动子的克隆及上游调控因子鉴定

枝干病害葡萄溃疡病近年来严重限制了葡萄产业发展。研究表明葡萄蔗糖转运蛋白参与寄主植物和病原菌的互作过程。为解析蔗糖转运蛋白VvSUC12在葡萄免疫反应过程中的功能,本研究克隆了VvSUC12基因翻译起始位点上游1 500 bp的启动子区,通过生物信息学分析发现该区域包含4个Dof转录因子结合序列(A/TAAAG)及多种激素调节与防御相关的顺式元件。实时荧光定量分析显示,接种可可毛色二孢菌显著诱导VvSUC12和VvDof19基因的表达。通过酵母单杂交实验筛选得到与VvSUC12启动子互作的转录因子VvDof19。酵母双杂交实验证实VvDof19具有自激活活性;进一步通过烟草瞬时表达发现Dof19-GFP的相对GUS活性约为对照GFP的9倍,表明转录因子VvDof19能够激活VvSUC12基因的表达。研究结果为深入研究蔗糖转运蛋白在葡萄免疫反应中的功能奠定基础。     

黄皮种质资源果实糖组分及其含量特征分析

【目的】分析64份黄皮种质资源的果实单果质量、果形指数、可溶性固形物（TSS）含量、可溶性总糖含量、可滴定酸（TA）含量、糖组分及含量等指标,为选育优质黄皮品种（系）提供依据。【方法】采用蒽酮比色法和酸碱滴定法测定黄皮果实可溶性总糖和TA含量,同时利用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）分析可溶性糖的组成及含量,结合果形指数、TSS含量等数据,利用主成分分析方法综合评价筛选优质黄皮品系。【结果】64个黄皮品种（系）的单果质量介于3.82～13.17 g,果形指数0.94～1.57、平均值为1.1,TSS含量10.96%～24.55%、平均18.08%,可溶性总糖含量8.04%～16.96%、平均11.88%,TA含量0.11%～1.95%、平均1.01%,蔗糖含量18.65～74.85 mg/g、平均44.28 mg/g,葡萄糖含量.7～32.1 mg/g、平均20.00 mg/g,果糖含量11.15～46.85 mg/g、平均22.56 mg/g。鹰嘴黄皮（008）可溶性总糖含量最高、达16.96%,塔下甜皮（086）果糖占比高达35.41%、糖酸比达102.14。【结论】黄皮为蔗糖积累型,通...     

Potato tuber sugars, starch and organic acids in relation to ozone exposure

Summary Data from two Swedish and one Finnish open-top chamber experiments were combined to investigate effects of ozone exposure on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber content of starch, sucrose, fructose, glucose, malic, citric and ascorbic acids. The glucose, fructose and malic acid concentrations showed strong negative correlations with ozone exposure, while citric acid, consistently increased with ozone exposure. No ozone effects could be demonstrated on starch, sucrose or ascorbic acid concentrations. It is discussed to what extent the changes found in potato tuber composition can be explained in terms of ozone effects on tuber maturity. Ozone exposure was expressed as the accumulated exposure over a cut-off concentration of 40 nmol mol⁻¹ (AOT40) and as the accumulated uptake of ozone over an ozone uptake rate threshold of 7 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹ (CUO 7). The difference in ability of the exposure indices to explain observed effects was small.     

Changes in photosynthesis,growth, and sugar content of commercial sugarcane cultivars and Erianthus under flood conditions

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an economical crop in the tropical and subtropical countries. However, because of global climate change, flooding has become problematic, particularly during the rainy season, in Thailand. We investigated the effects of floods on three commercial sugarcane cultivars, namely NiF8, U-thong 6 (UT6), and U-thong 9 (UT9), as well as Erianthus spp. Growth was assessed using a pot experiment in a glasshouse with two treatments: (1) control and (2) 60 d of flooding followed by 30 d of normal conditions. In comparison with control, during prolonged flooding, Erianthus showed greatly decreased CO₂ assimilation, whereas NiF8, UT6, and UT9 showed slightly declined CO₂ assimilation. Growth in plants subjected to 60 d of flooding was less influenced by floods while sucrose content was not affected except in UT6. During flooding, some roots died, resulting in plants compensating adventitious roots to offset the negative effects of root death and to assist them in maintaining their growth, which appeared from the submerged nodes, with different characteristics for each cultivar. However, 30 d after draining, roots remained damaged, while adventitious roots died, resulting in lesser growth as compared with the control, but it did not significantly affect sucrose content and sugar yield. This study suggests that sugarcane plants need to produce the adventitious roots to compensate their roots’ death during flooding and require time to recover their root system after flooding for obtaining the optimum yield and quality at harvest.     

基质栽培与土壤栽培对越心草莓蔗糖和柠檬酸积累的影响

为了解基质栽培和土壤栽培条件下草莓果实品质形成的差异,探究其影响规律,以越心草莓为材料,测定果实不同发育时期的蔗糖和柠檬酸含量,以及相关基因的表达量。结果显示,土壤栽培条件下蔗糖和柠檬酸含量高于基质栽培,其中,蔗糖积累的差异主要体现在草莓果实的尖部,柠檬酸积累的差异在果实尖部和基部。FaSPS2基因是土壤栽培和基质栽培蔗糖积累差异的关键基因,与蔗糖积累呈正相关。FaACO1、FaACO3基因的表达量与柠檬酸的积累呈负相关,基质栽培中FaACO1、FaACO3的表达量显著高于土壤栽培,导致基质栽培的成熟草莓果实中的柠檬酸含量低于土壤栽培。因此,FaSPS2、FaACO1和FaACO3基因在越心草莓蔗糖和柠檬酸含量的积累中发挥了重要作用,土壤栽培较基质栽培可能更有利于越心草莓蔗糖和柠檬酸含量积累。     

嫁接砧木对西瓜果实糖分积累及蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的影响

【目的】研究在果实发育过程中嫁接西瓜糖分积累及蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的变化,探讨不同砧木影响果实品质的机理。【方法】采用优质中小型西瓜早佳为接穗和对照,丝瓜、南瓜(铁木真)、葫芦(昌砧力士F1)、野生西瓜1号、野生西瓜2号为砧木,测定嫁接和对照西瓜果实在发育过程中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖的含量以及与蔗糖积累相关酶的活性。【结果】与对照相比,野生西瓜2号/早佳组合的果实糖积累极显著增高,而其他嫁接组合的糖积累均降低,丝瓜/早佳组合的果实糖含量最低;自根和嫁接西瓜果实发育过程中蔗糖转化酶(Inv)活性降低,蔗糖磷酸合酶(SPS)活性升高,蔗糖合酶(SS)在西瓜果实发育后期主要起合成作用,促进果实蔗糖积累,蔗糖代谢相关酶净活性值增大。在整个果实发育过程中,Inv、SPS、SS共同作用于嫁接西瓜和自根西瓜果实的糖分积累及构成;嫁接和对照西瓜果实以己糖积累为主,蔗糖积累为辅。【结论】砧木不同,西瓜果实的糖分积累量也不同,其中野生西瓜2号对早佳西瓜品质影响最小,可以作为优良的嫁接砧木在生产实践中应用。     

中途添加不同浓度蔗糖对铁皮石斛原球茎多糖积累的影响

以铁皮石斛类原球茎为材料,研究了在培养过程中添加不同浓度的蔗糖对铁皮石斛原球茎多糖积累的影响,初步探讨中途补料对石斛原球茎多糖积累及培养液中蔗糖消耗的动态变化过程,结果表明:在培养第20d添加5g/L蔗糖对原球茎多糖积累最为有利,干重量及多糖含量、多糖产量最高,分别为16.02g/L、300mg/g、4805.85mg/L,且在整个培养过程,蔗糖的利用率最高,原球茎的活力最强。     

吲熟酯和钼酸铵处理对青种枇杷果实糖积累及相关酶活性的影响

以青种枇杷为试材,在果实成熟前50d左右分别喷施100、200、300mg·L-1吲熟酯及0.1%钼酸铵和200mg·L-1吲熟酯+0.1%钼酸铵,研究吲熟酯和钼酸铵对果实生长发育过程中糖积累以及蔗糖与山梨醇代谢相关酶活性变化的影响。结果表明:200mg·L-1吲熟酯处理对增加果实的果糖和葡萄糖积累最为明显。所有处理的果实山梨醇含量均随果实发育呈先下降后上升的趋势。100mg·L-1吲熟酯处理的蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性在5月21日后呈明显的下降趋势,其他处理的蔗糖代谢相关酶活性均呈上升趋势;山梨醇代谢相关酶活性总体上呈下降趋势。综上所述,200mg·L-1吲熟酯处理对青种枇杷果实糖积累有较显著的促进作用。