黑杨无性系日CO2固定总量的测定及与苗木生产潜势的相关性研究

通过对不同基因型黑杨无性系植株净光合速率日变化曲线与光合主体叶面积在时间和光强上进行累计积分来计算植株日CO2固定总量P。由于净光合速率日变化曲线不易准确测得，故以光响应曲线和光强的日变化来推测净光合速率日变化。对P值和生物量的相关性研究表明，二者的相关性很高。且认为可以用计算出的P值作为评估苗木生产潜势的指标之一，这为育种中生产力的早期选择提供了有力的证据。     

不同光质对喜树愈伤组织形成及分化潜质影响

以喜树无菌苗的茎、叶为外植体,研究了蓝、白、红3种光质下,MS、1/2MS、SH、WPM4种培养基对喜树愈伤组织形成及分化潜质影响。结果表明:蓝光下SH+1.0mg/L NAA+0.075mg/L TDZ培养基上愈伤组织诱导效果最好;愈伤组织继代后在蓝光下第7天时,SOD酶活最高,POD酶活最低,含水量最低,分化的潜力最大。     

铅锌尾矿中砷代谢功能基因的多样性

Microbial activities impact arsenic (As) transformation in mine tailings substantially,yet little is understood on the functional diversity of As metabolism genes.This study explored this issue using a metagenomic approach coupled by a local BLASTN procedure established in our recent studies.An assembled metagenome,recovered from hypersaline and sulfidic mine tailings,was screened for As metabolism genes aioA,arrA,arsC and arsM.This was done using a local BLASTN procedure against databases of the As metabolism genes built in this study.Putative As metabolism genes detected in the assembled metagenome included 11 arsM,20 arsC and 1 arrA full-length sequences.Together with the rRNA-based phylogenetic profiling results,a picture depicting microbial As cycling in the tailings to the genus level was obtained.It was found that most of the dominant genera in the tailings potentially harboured the genes for As reduction and/or methylation.In particular,a typical pyrite-eater present in the tailings,Thioalkalivibrio sp.,was found to harbour not only arsC and arsM,but also arrA.These results highlight the unexpected diversity of As metabolism genes in the tailings,especially considering the extremely low species diversity therein.The microbial As cycling picture established here has potential use for guiding the purposeful manipulation of As biogeochemistry in the tailings.     

天柱县耕地生产潜力与人口承载力研究

以天柱县为例,估算2020年耕地生产潜力,并进行了耕地人口承载力的分析。结果表明,天柱县的粮食增产潜力在理论上较大,在未来10年内,耕地资源数量将延续持续减少伴随着未来人口增加是不可逆转的,这两者的矛盾尖锐,未来耕地承载力面临的形势还很严峻。     

Carbon Fluxes from Different Pools in a Mined Area under Reclamation in Minas Gerais State,Brazil

Despite the benefits of grass cultivation and organic fertilization in mining areas undergoing reclamation, these practices may be associated to CO₂ emissions and soil organic matter (SOM) losses by priming effect. In the present study, we evaluated the changes on SOM pools and C–CO₂ emissions in a bauxite‐mined area under reclamation fertilized with poultry litter (PL) (0, 10, 20, and 40 Mg ha⁻¹) and cultivated with Brachiaria brizantha . Increases of about 3·5 times in the soil labile C were observed 1 year after experiment establishment. High C–CO₂ fluxes and a significant positive priming effect were observed in the presence of B. brizantha , increasing native C mineralization by nearly 4·9 times. Nevertheless, no net soil C loss was detected, probably because of the C inputs derived from B. brizantha , which offset these losses. In fact, the grass increased total organic C by 45% when fertilized with 40 Mg PL ha⁻¹. The data obtained suggest that the cultivation of B. brizantha fertilized with PL can be a promising option for rapid recovery in SOM in areas under reclamation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Causes of Sandstorm Disaster and Strategies against Desertification——A Case Study of Hexi Corridor in Northwest China

This case study outlines the problems faced by the peoples of the Hexi Corridor. These problems are serious and urgent, and are representative of those faced by other communities right across western China. The root causes are outlined and some remedies are suggested. The practical measures proposed under China's National Action Plan to Combat Desertification are described and discussed.     

农用地分等中作物生产潜力空间插值方法研究

采用空间插值模型进行插值,形成精度高、在空间上连续分布、符合自然分布规律的作物光温或气候生产潜力,从而提高农用地分等的科学性、准确性和实用性。该文对常用的空间插值模型进行了比较分析,并采用河南省农用地分等数据进行验证,指出克立格法初始插值结果优于其它模型的初始插值结果;同时,指出由于模型的缺陷,在山区或数据稀少地区需要对初始插值进行进一步校正,以使内插结果更加接近实际,并提出了对作物光温(气候)生产潜力初始插值结果进行修正的方法。     

Rehabilitation of a lignite mine‐disturbed area in the Indian desert

Extensive lignite mining in the Indian (Thar) Desert commenced within the past decade. Accompanying extraction of this valuable resource there have been visible, important environmental impacts. The resultant land degradation has prompted concern from both public and regulatory bodies. This research assesses the success of rehabilitation plans implemented to revegetate a lignite mine‐disturbed area, near the village of Giral in western Rajasthan State. Rehabilitation success was achieved within the environmental constraints of this northwest Indian hot‐desert ecosystem using a combination of: (1) backfilling (abandoned pits) with minespoil and of covering the backfilled‐surfaces with fresh topsoil to a thickness of about 0·30 m; (2) use of micro‐catchment rainwater harvesting (MCWH) technique; (3) soil profile modification approaches; (4) plant establishment methodologies; and (5) the selection of appropriate germplasm material (trees, shrubs and grasses). Preliminary results indicate that the resulting vegetative cover will be capable of self‐perpetuation under natural conditions while at the same time meeting the land‐use requirements of the local people. The minespoil is alkaline in nature and has high electrical conductance. The average content of organic carbon, N, P and K is lower than in the regional topsoil. However, the concentration of Ca, Mg, Na and total S in the minespoil is much higher than in the topsoil. Further, the spoil material has no biological activity. Enhanced plant growth was achieved in MCWH plots, compared to control plots, where minespoil moisture storage was improved by 18–43 per cent. The rehabilitation protocol used at the site appears to have been successful because, in addition to the planted species, desirable native invasive species have become established. This study developed methods for the rehabilitation of lignite mine‐disturbed areas and has also resulted in an understanding of rehabilitation processes in arid regions with an emphasis on the long‐term monitoring of rehabilitation success. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自然保护区生态旅游开发潜力评价研究--以江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区为例

从自然保护区生态旅游基本概念入手,根据鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区的实际,建立了一套自然保护区生态旅游开发潜力评价指标体系,并对该评价体系进行应用说明,以期为自然保护区生态旅游开发建设提供参考。     

仲里大理岩矿采矿生态影响与环保措施

采矿活动对项目区域及周边的生态环境定会产生不同程度的影响.因此在项目建设设计阶段必须坚持环保原则,做到布局合理,实现有序开采;施工期间应采用环保施工工艺及防尘降噪、水土保持等环保措施;特别是要重视地质环境保护与矿山终采后恢复治理,及时进行废石回填、表土覆盖及植被恢复,实现土地资源可持续利用,促进经济、社会和环境的和谐发展.