梅州市五华县石灰岩矿区土壤铅污染现状研究及改良对策

对梅州市五华县几个石灰岩矿区周边土壤中铅含量进行了测定，结果表明，污染土壤的铅含量远远超出了国家土壤环境质量三级标准（对土壤生态环境产生影响的最低浓度值），对生态产生影响。根据内梅罗污染指数评定得出，矿区土壤铅污染达到重污染的程度。提出了减轻铅污染对生态环境危害的控制污染源措施和改良对策。     

敌死虫对不同发育阶段烟粉虱的生物活性测定

敌死虫对烟粉虱成虫具有较强的驱避作用 ,99.1%敌死虫200、100、50倍液药后 2h～120h对黄瓜上烟粉虱的驱避率均在90%以上 ,50倍液处理药后3d的驱避率为98%～100%。药剂处理的非洲菊上烟粉虱成虫产卵量显著低于对照。敌死虫对烟粉虱卵具有一定活性 ,致死中量为10468.6mg/kg ;对若虫活性较高 ,对1、2、3龄若虫的致死中量分别为165.81、199.46、232.38mg/kg ,稀释倍数分别为5976、4968、4264倍。     

Pseudomonas fluorescens contamination of a feline packed red blood cell unit and studies of canine units

Background: While screening programs have reduced the risk of infectious disease transmission by donors in human and veterinary blood banking, bacterial contamination of blood products has emerged as a major complication in human medicine. Objectives: To describe a Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf)‐contaminated feline packed RBC (pRBC) unit and experimentally investigate Pf‐contaminated canine pRBCs. Methods: Canine pRBCs were inoculated with Pf‐rich pRBCs from the sentinel feline unit and stored at 4°C or 20°C for 72 hours. Aliquots from the pRBCs were serially evaluated by microscopy, culture, and a eubacterial 16S rRNA real‐time PCR assay. Results: One Pf‐contaminated feline unit turned black after 22 days of storage and was removed from the blood bank; a source was not found, and no other contaminated units were identified. Canine pRBCs spiked with 5 or 25 μL of the sentinel unit became culture‐ and/or 16S PCR‐positive at ≥8 hours at 20°C and 48 hours at 4°C and developed a color change at ≥24 hours. Sensitivity studies indicated that without incubation, inoculation of ≥100 μL Pf‐rich pRBCs was necessary for a positive 16S PCR test result. Conclusions: P. fluorescens grows in stored pRBCs slowly at 4°C and rapidly at 20°C. Screening of blood products for color change, estimating bacterial concentration with microscopy, and 16S PCR testing are simple and fast ways to detect bacteria in stored blood. Aseptic collection, temperature‐controlled storage, and regular visual monitoring of stored units is recommended. Discolored units should not be transfused, but examined for bacterial contamination or other blood product quality problems.     

Effect of H2O2 in the Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Pollutant

The high efficient strain was separated and filtrated from the soil contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbon. The authors, we focus on the effect of H2 O2 in the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutant. The results show that the optimal concentration of H2O2was 200 mg/L at one time. At the lag phase of the strain, H2O2 was added in per eight hour, and at logarithmic phase, H2O2 was added in per two hour. Biodegradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbon was increased from 38. 1% to 83. 1%. The bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutant is remarkably by double effects of deep oxidation and oxygen supply of H2O2.     

潮州三百门电厂冷却水排放的数值模拟研究

海湾及潮汐河口的冷却水工程研究近年来受到人们的重视，由于受到潮汐的影响，其冷却水布置及热污染特性比河道及水库型更为复杂。采用数值模拟的方法，首先对电厂附近的潮流特性及冷却水输移扩散进行模拟计算，研究了电厂近海水域的水动力结构及其对冷却水排放的影响，给出电厂取水温升及热污染范围，为电厂取水设计工作提供依据。     

混合器式液化石油气小型发动机性能研究

通过对汽油机改装的液化石油气发动机进行实验研究，得出了混合器形式对液化石油气发动机的性能有重要影响的结论，优先出既便于控制又有利于动力性发挥的等比例混合器；台架实验表明，通过对压缩比的匹配调整的空燃比的合理控制，汽油机改装的液化石油气发动机不用后处理技术就能满足排放法规和噪声法规，其动力性仅下降4％左右。     

石油污染土壤降解与土壤的环境关系

阐述了石油污染土壤的降解与土壤环境的关系;提出如何消除石油污染土壤降解的环境限制因子,为微生物降解石油提供最理想环境,是有效治理石油污染的关键.     

Distribution and genetic diversity among Aspergillus flavus isolates across three agro-ecologies essential for maize cultivation in Ghana

Fungal mycotoxins are important contaminants of agricultural commodities that pose serious concerns to producers, consumers and exporters. Aflatoxin is a carcinogenic metabolite produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. These fungi and other mould species living in the soil contaminate several crops including maize. This study was undertaken with the following objectives: (i) to assess the presence of A. flavus and other moulds in Ghanaian soil; (ii) to determine the distribution and density of A. flavus under three agro-ecologies noted for major maize production; and (iii) to assess the effect of percentage of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and soil pH on A. flavus population densities and diversity in the isolates found across the agro-ecologies. The data showed seven moulds that were common across the agro-ecologies. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in the A. flavus density and distribution within and across these agro-ecologies. Fumesua soils recorded the highest levels of A. flavus (1.185 × 10³ cfu g⁻¹) while Akomadan recorded the least (9.76 × 10² cfu g⁻¹). Percentage available C, N and soil pH did not significantly influence A. flavus density. The A. flavus isolates identified in this study varied in genetic sequence within the aflatoxin gene cluster, but these differences were not distinguishable by origin.     

基于铅稳定同位素的多金属复合污染土壤源解析新思路——以西南地区某矿区农田为例

本文以我国西南某矿区典型多金属复合污染农田土壤为例,基于铅(Pb)稳定同位素分析,结合矿物学分析,对土壤Pb来源进行定量解析,并针对其他重金属来源进行外推。同位素源解析结果表明,人为源对于土壤重金属的贡献率高达61%～89%,矿渣浸沥与矿区道路扬尘为主要的污染途径。矿物学分析能够辅助印证Pb稳定同位素分析结果,在一定程度上克服由于污染源信号重叠造成的源解析困难。通过相关分析,可以将Pb同位素源解析的结果合理外推,在一定程度上解释其他重金属元素的来源。本文提出的源解析新思路能够高效、准确地解析多金属复合污染土壤中重金属元素的来源,尤其适用于我国土壤多金属复合污染集中连片存在、成因复杂的现状,具有很强的现实意义。