复方二氯异氰尿酸钠和双季铵碘中和剂中和效果考察

采用悬液定量杀菌试验程序，对两种中和剂配方进行了中和剂鉴定试验，以便对复方二氯异氰尿酸钠和双季铵碘两种消毒剂的消毒效果进行评价。试验结果表明，中和剂配方Ⅰ（含3％吐温-80、0．5％硫代硫酸钠）对复方二氯异氰尿酸钠，中和剂配方Ⅲ（含3％吐温-80、0．5％亚硫酸钠、适量卵磷脂）对双季铵碘均有良好的中和效果，且末见中和剂配方Ⅰ、中和剂配方Ⅲ及其相应中和产物对指示菌金黄色葡萄球菌的生长有明显影响。因此认为，中和剂配方Ⅰ、中和剂配方Ⅲ可分别用于复方二氯异氰尿酸钠和双季铵碘消毒剂消毒效果的鉴定。     

日粮碘添加水平对断奶至2月龄生长肉兔生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮碘添加水平对断奶至2月龄生长肉兔生长性能和血清生化指标的影响.选用80只平均体重为(780±50)g的35日龄断奶新西兰肉兔,随机分成4组(每组20个重复,每个重复1只兔),分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0(对照)、0.1、0.5和2.5 mg/kg碘的试验日粮,预试期7 d,正试期23 d.结果表明:日粮碘添加水平对平均日增重(ADG)有显著影响(P<0.05),0.1和0.5 mg/kg组的ADG显著高于对照组(P<0.05).日粮碘添加水平对料重比(F/G)有显著影响(P<0.05),0.5 mg/kg组的F/G显著低于对照组和0.1 mg/kg组(P<0.05).日粮碘添加水平对血清常规生化指标影响不显著(P>0.05).日粮碘添加水平对血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量有显著影响(P<0.05),0.5 mg/kg组的IgA含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05).日粮碘添加水平对血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量无显著影响(P>0.05).日粮碘添加水平对血清三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)含量有极显著影响(P<0.01),随着碘添加水平的增加,T3含量先升高后降低,当碘添加量为0.5 mg/kg时T3含量达到最大值.日粮碘添加水平对血清四碘甲腺原氨酸(T4)含量的影响不显著(P>0.05).综上所述,断奶至2月龄生长肉兔日粮中碘适宜添加量为0.5 mg/kg(基础日粮碘含量为0.22 mg/kg).     

Iodine Fortification Plant Screening Process and Accumulation in Tomato Fruits and Potato Tubers

Iodine is an essential microelement for human health, and the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of such element should range from 40 to 200 μg day^?1. Because of the low iodine contents in vegetables, cereals, and many other foods, iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is one of the most widespread nutrient-deficiency diseases in the world. Therefore, investigations of I uptake in plants with the aim of fortifying them can help reach the important health and social objective of IDD elimination. This study was conducted to determine the effects of the absorption of iodine from two different chemical forms—potassium iodide (I^?) and potassium iodate (IO^? ₃)—in a wide range of wild and cultivated plant species. Pot plants were irrigated with different concentrations of I^? or IO^? ₃, namely 0.05% and 0.1% (w/v) I^? and 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.5% (w/v) IO^? ₃. Inhibiting effects on plant growth were observed after adding these amounts of iodine to the irrigation water. Plants were able to tolerate high levels of iodine as IO^? ₃ better than I^? in the root environment. Among cultivated species, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) showed the lowest biomass reductions due to iodine toxicity and maize (Zea mays L.) together with tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) showed the greatest. After the screening, cultivated tomato and potato were shown to be good targets for a fortification-rate study among the species screened. When fed with 0.05% iodine salts, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruits absorbed iodine up to 272 and 527 μg/100 g fresh weight (FW) from IO^? ₃ and 1,875 and 3,900 μg/100 g FW from I^?. These uptake levels were well more than the RDA of 150 μg day^?1 for adults. Moreover, the agronomic efficiency of iodine accumulation of potato tubers and tomato fruits was calculated. Both plant organs showed greater accumulation efficiency for given units of iodine from iodide than from iodate. This accumulation efficiency decreased in both potato tubers and tomato fruits at iodine concentrations greater than 0.05% for iodide and at respectively 0.2% and 0.1% for iodate. On the basis of the uptake curve, it was finally possible to calculate the doses of supply in the irrigation water of iodine as iodate (0.028% for potato and 0.014% for tomato) as well as of iodide (0.004% for potato and 0.002% for tomato) to reach the 150 μg day^?1 RDA for adults in 100 g of such vegetables, to efficiently control IDD, although these results still need to be validated.     

水稻对水稻土中甲磺隆结合残留的响应

Metsulfuron-methyl is one of the widely used sulfonylurea herbicides. However, approximately half of the applied metsulfuron-methyl may remain as bound residues in soil. To characterize the response of rice plants to residual metsulfuron-methyl in soil, the activities of acetolactate synthase （ALS）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD）, and catalase （CAT） were investigated in two rice varieties that differed in susceptibility to the herbicide. Changes in the activity of these enzymes in leaves and roots of Xiushui 63, a sensitive rice variety, were greater than those in a resistant variety Zhenong 952. Irrespective of variety, changes in the enzyme activity were greater in the roots than in the leaves. The activities of ALS and CAT decreased, while the SOD activity increased with the increase in the amounts of bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl （BRM） in soil. The POD activity increased at the BRM level of 0.025 mg kg^-1, but decreased at the BRM level of 0.05 mg kg^-1. The results showed that the bound residues of sulfonylurea herbicides may affect metabolism of rice plants.     

水稻不同需水关键期适宜灌水下限指标研究

在5 m2有底测坑内研究水稻拔节孕穗期和抽穗开花期70%～90%土壤饱和含水率灌水下限对灌溉制度、渗漏量和产量等的影响。结果表明,不同灌水条件下,灌水次数、灌水模数、灌溉定额发生较大变化,灌水次数在本田期为28～37次,灌溉定额为8 190～9 450 m3/hm2,各处理渗漏量随着灌水量的降低而降低,渗漏量为灌水量的54.22%～64.25%,拔节孕穗期较抽穗开花期需水更敏感,拔节孕穗期应保持湿润状态,抽穗开花期适宜灌水下限为90%。     

日粮中高碘对母鸡繁殖性能的影响

在２５周龄母鸡日粮中添加高剂量碘化钾，持续１６周，观察产蛋率，种蛋受精率及孵化率的变化，并用ＲＩＡ法测定鸡血浆中的雌激素、孕酮浓度．结果表明，高碘组母鸡产蛋率下降，种蛋爱精率无明显变化但孵化率降低．母鸡血浆雌激素的基础分泌量无显著变化，但高碘引起孕酮基础分泌量升高，而且导致雌激素、孕酮的周期分泌率紊乱．     

等壳碾压混凝土重力坝层间抗滑稳定可靠度分析

针对以有限元为基础分析碾压混凝土重力坝层间可靠度其功能函数不能显式表达的特点,采用响应面法、JC法、窄界限法原理相结合的可靠度计算方法。由三维非线性有限元对等壳水电站碾压混凝土重力坝各随机变量分位点值的计算结果,采用抗剪断公式构建该电站非溢流坝段层面的功能函数,求得响应面方程,并应用JC法和窄界限法计算层间单元可靠度指标及层间体系可靠度指标,进一步分析材料的变异系数对体系可靠度的影响。结果表明,φ是影响体系可靠度指标的最敏感因子,碾压各层β值一般为4.16～5.70,层间体系可靠度β'为4.12,满足工程要求。该方法计算效率高,实用性强,用于碾压混凝土重力坝层间抗滑稳定可靠度分析是可行的,值得推广。     

污泥热解工艺参数对残渣吸附性能的影响

[目的]优化污泥热解工艺条件及增强污泥热解残渣对小分子的吸附性能。[方法]设置不同的温度、保温时间及含水率条件,对污泥进行热解,测定不同条件下得到的热解残渣的失重率、热值、碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值等指标。[结果]污泥中有机质发生热解反应的主要温度为350～550℃;温度越高,热解剩余残渣率和残渣热值越低,污泥热解越充分;在450℃时,污泥热解残渣的吸附性能最好。当保温时间延长到60 min以后,对热解结果的影响不大,从节能的角度考虑,保温时间应设定为60 min。当含水率增加到50%以后,对热解结果的影响不大,从节能的角度考虑,应将污泥含水率控制在50%之内。[结论]该研究为污泥无害化与资源化处理提供了参考依据。     

日粮中碘水平对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响

研究了日粮碘水平对母猪繁殖性能、母猪和新生仔猪血清参数等指标的影响。结果表明,日粮中添加0.15 mg/kg 碘足以防止母猪出现碘缺乏症,但添加0.50,1.00,1.50 mg/kg 碘能分别提高产仔数0.99,0.78,0.25 头/胎;平均初生重可提高9.04%（P<0.05）,9.57%（P<0.05）和1.06%;平均出生窝重可提高19.27%（P<0.05）,12.75%,6.73%。日粮碘水平对母猪血清参数、新生仔猪甲状腺重量无显著影响,而新生仔猪血清中T3的水平可分别提高21.36%,33.98%,49.03%（P<0.05）;肝脏重量分别下降了16.53%,10.38%,17.23%（P<0.05）; 肾脏重量分别下降4.97%,27.76%（P<0.05）和29.01%（P<0.05）。     

比色法快速测定党参中二氧化硫的残留量

[目的]测定党参中二氧化硫的残留量。[方法]采用比色法快速测定党参中二氧化硫的残留量。[结果]在0.0～48.0μg/ml范围内,二氧化硫浓度与吸光度的线性关系良好,相关系数R为0.999 2,相对标准偏差在0.54%～1.66%;加标回收率为90.1%～103.7%,RSD为1.16%～5.17%(n=6),且具有良好的重现性和稳定性。应用测试结果表明,比色法的测定结果与酸蒸馏法相似。[结论]该方法简便、快速、灵敏度高、干扰少,可用于党参中二氧化硫的残留量测定。