An evaluation of the pesera soil erosion model and its application to a case study in Zakynthos, Greece

Abstract. The Pan‐European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment (pesera ) model was evaluated using existing soil erosion data collected under various types of climate, vegetation, landscape and soil conditions. The data used represent a variety of typical Mediterranean land uses such as winter wheat, vines, olives and bare, stony land prevailing in hilly areas. Using this data, the model was calibrated for sediment transport by overland flow and results compared to measured soil erosion values from runoff plots and a watershed on a monthly basis. The performance of the model was assessed statistically, showing that it can be satisfactorily used for predicting soil erosion rates under the conditions included in the study. The overall model estimate including all the available experimental data was 0.69 t ha^?1 yr^?1 with a maximum error of 1.49 t ha^?1 yr^?1. After validation, the model was applied to a small watershed (60 ha) of great ecological importance for the sea turtle Caretta caretta. For this purpose, soil and vegetation maps were compiled from all the necessary data for applying the model. The model was run for three years using daily data from an existing nearby meteorological station. The predicted and measured soil erosion rates for a 7‐month period were 0.31 t and 0.18 t, respectively. Application of the model to each mapping unit showed the over‐riding importance of land use for sediment generation under the given climatic conditions. Bare land, occupying 5.5% of the watershed area, generated up to 69% of the total sediments estimated for the watershed. It is concluded that the pesera model can be used as a regional diagnostic tool under a range of soil, topographic and climatic conditions for identifying the best land use type and vegetation cover to protect hilly areas from soil erosion. The calculated overall root mean square error for the model is 0.06 t ha^?1 yr^?1, compared to a soil erosion rate of 0.04 t ha^?1 yr^?1, which can be tolerated for protecting the area for the sea turtle.     

A test for interaction between brown trout (Salmo trutta) and inanga (Galaxias maculatus) in an artificial stream

Abstract –  The interaction between brown trout ( Salmo trutta ; fork length (FL) range 255–390 mm) and inanga ( Galaxias maculatus ; FL range 55–115 mm) was tested during summer through autumn in an artificial stream consisting of a single run-riffle-pool sequence with a natural food supply. Each experimental trial lasted for 15 days, and consisted of two brown trout and 50 inanga collected fresh from a nearby stream, with each species given prior residence in four replicate tests, totalling eight trials in all. In addition, two control trials (each 10 days), with 50 inanga in each, were run. Brown trout almost exclusively occupied the pool, whereas inanga occupied all habitat types, although in different proportions, when tested with and without brown trout. The proportion of inanga in the pool was appreciably lower in the experimental trials with brown trout than in the control trials with no brown trout; prior residence had no significant effect on inanga habitat use. Mortality of inanga attributable to predation by brown trout ranged from 0 to 40% with a mean of 14.5 ± 4.7%. The results suggest that habitat use and survival of inanga populations in small streams can be adversely affected by brown trout.     

供水工程影响下中国北方地区耕地后备资源开发潜力

灌溉水源是北方地区耕地后备资源能否有效开发的关键。当前,中国正在推动国家水网工程规划建设,为北方地区耕地后备资源开发提供了新的机遇。在以往研究基础上,该研究考虑北方地区已建、在建及规划的供水工程,基于自然适宜、利用高效、发展稳定三方面评价准则,结合三维魔方空间分类方法,开展了雨养情景和供水灌溉情景下耕地后备资源开发潜力分析。结果表明：雨养农业情景下,北方地区勉强适宜（Ⅱ级）、中度（Ⅲ级）和高度（Ⅳ级）适宜的耕地后备资源面积分别为2.9万、1.0万和0.6万km²。灌溉农业情景下,耕地后备资源面积明显增加,勉强适宜（Ⅱ级）、中度（Ⅲ级）和高度（Ⅳ级）适宜的耕地后备资源面积将分别达到5.4万、7.6万和6.5万km²,主要集中于新疆、内蒙古和甘肃3省（自治区）。该研究结果可为中国耕地后备资源开发利用及国家水网工程效益发挥提供参考。     

常用软件绘制使用林地可行性报告附图方法的比较

使用林地可行性报告的附图是林业专题图类型之一。该类图纸是项目成果重要的组成部分,对文字内容具有补充和说明等作用。本文以一个简单的实例,比较了几类常用软件绘制专题图的各自特点,并简介了综合使用的方法。     

府谷县兽用抗菌药减量化实施经验总结

为深入贯彻落实习近平总书记关于食品药品安全“四个最严”要求,全面提升畜禽绿色健康养殖水平,府谷县以《全国兽用抗菌药使用减量化行动方案（2021—2025年）》为契机,与西北农林科技大学畜禽无抗养殖技术团队合作,签订“府谷县畜禽减抗替抗养殖技术示范推广”项目合作协议,在府谷县全面开展抗生素减量化示范推广,得到了府谷县委县政府和榆林市科技局的大力支持,从饲料端禁抗、养殖端减抗替抗和粪污端无抗三个方面遏制抗菌药的使用,经过2年的技术示范推广,取得了一定的经验和成果。     

来安县耕地质量等级特征研究

本研究结合来安县测土配方施肥土壤测试数据、新建高标准农田耕地质量等级数据、来安县第三次全国国土调查数据和来安县土壤图对来安县2022年耕地质量等级进行评价。利用县域耕地资源管理信息系统平台,建立来安县耕地质量评价数据库,完成2022年来安县耕地质量等级评价。结果显示2022年来安县耕地质量等级分布在1-9等,2022年耕地质量等级为4.375等,比2021年来安县耕地质量等级提升0.028等。2022年来安县耕地质量等级主要分布在3-6等,占来安县耕地面积的80.86%,其中5等地占23.10%,其次为3等地占比20.97%,6等地占比19.08%,4等地占比17.71%。     

测土配方施肥对玉米产量和养分利用率的影响

研究测土配方施肥对玉米生长性状、产量、经济效益和养分利用率的影响,进而指导阿克苏市玉米科学合理施肥,提高化肥利用率,减少化肥投入,实现玉米化肥减量增效的目标。以金谷玉6号玉米为试验材料,设置不施肥(CK)、无氮(PK)、无磷(NK)、无钾(NP)和氮磷钾(NPK)5个处理,在收获期对玉米株高、径粗、穗长、穗粒数、百粒重、产量、平均产值、净收入和养分利用率等指标进行测定。实验结果表明:全年施肥量为尿素29.78kg/667m2,重过磷酸钙25kg/667m2,硫酸钾10.4kg/667m2,对玉米的生长、产量和经济效益均有促进作用。玉米氮肥的利用率为36.26%,磷肥的利用率为17.39%,钾肥的利用率为41.99%。     

黄河三角洲重度盐碱地甜高粱品种筛选和配套施肥技术研究[ ]

本研究以中科院科甜系列甜高粱为研究对象,针对重度盐碱地,从种植品种、肥料配比和有机肥类别三个方面进行试验,目的为了探索重度盐碱地甜高粱的种植技术,为黄河三角洲重度盐碱地甜高粱的栽培推广提供理论依据和技术支持。结果表明:（1）种植资源评比试验:在重度盐碱地对科甜13（KT13）、22（KT22）、41（KT41）、42（KT42）、43（KT43）5个甜高粱种质资源进行资源评比,KT41产量最高,达到82.87 t/hm2,KT13其次,产量为66.28 t/hm2。（2）重度盐碱地肥料配比试验:底肥施加300kg/hm2复合肥和15t/ hm2有机肥（H1Y1）、30t/ hm2有机肥（H0Y2）;300kg /hm2复合肥和30t/ hm2有机肥（H1Y2）均能显著提升重度盐碱地甜高粱产量,H0Y2处理产量最高,达到73.16t/hm2,相比于对照增幅达到64%。（3）重度盐碱地有机肥类别试验:施加牛粪、有机肥和海藻肥均能提升重度盐碱地中甜高粱产量,在相同投入成本下,海藻肥处理的产量最高为67.88 t/hm2,相比于对照处理增幅39.8%。综上考虑,在黄河三角洲重度盐碱地可选择KT13和KT41两个耐盐碱资源,底肥中施加15 t/hm2以上的普通有机肥或者牛粪同时配施复合肥,有机肥可选择微生物有效活菌数≥5亿/g的高品质海藻肥替代普通有机肥,进行甜高粱种植能获得较好的产量。     

以鄠邑区为例的基数转换要点研究

随着各级国土空间总体规划工作的推进,明确各地现状数据的工作日渐紧迫。以三调为基础的现状数据不能满足和符合国土空间总体规划的工作要求,所以在三调基础上科学准确的衔接规划编制所需的空间关联信息和现状数据,形成科学、准确的现状底图是保证空间规划编制科学有效的基础。因三调数据与其他关联数据在坐标、分类等方面存在差异,因此需要对其进行分类转换。本文在梳理三调工作分类和规划用途分类对应关系的基础上,以鄠邑区为例,对具体实践中遇到的主要问题提出相关建议。     

吉林省西部盐碱地综合开发多情景模拟与水资源效应

[目的] 盐碱地综合开发利用是提高农业生产力、践行大食物观的必然选择。但受限于开发利用模式单一、耗水压力较大,亟待探索多元化治理模式并依据其水资源效应开展优化调控。[方法] 以吉林省西部地区为研究区,采用FLUS模型预测2030年盐碱地资源在自然发展、粮食安全、粮饲综合开发和生态安全4种情景下的开发利用格局,并对不同情景下的产水量变化进行评估。[结果] (1)2000—2020年研究区开发利用盐碱地1 540.18 km²,主要被恢复为草地或开垦为耕地,但其中旱地次生退化风险较高。(2)不同情景下盐碱地开发均以耕地利用为主。粮食安全情景下水田和旱地开垦面积占比分别为67.48%,4.23%。相较于自然发展情景,粮饲综合开发情景下盐碱地恢复为草地的面积增加139.18 km²,生态安全情景下生态用地规模显著提高。(3)至2030年,4种发展情景下研究区产水量较基期均有所下降,生态安全情景下降幅度最大,达到3.71×10⁸ m³。相比之下,粮饲综合开发情景充分保障粮食和饲草生产,同时缓和盐碱地治理所导致的水资源压力。[结论] 松嫩平原盐碱地开发利用应充分考虑粮饲综合开发模式,统筹粮食和饲草供应,协调粮食和生态安全,以大食物观引领国土空间生态修复和退化土地的开发利用。