Cloning and Protein Structure Analysis of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α Gene in Yak

In this study,hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) gene was cloned from yak spleen by RT-PCR,and it was divided into two sections for amplification.The sequence and protein structure were analyzed using related bioinformatics tools.The length of the coding region was 2 472 bp,which encoded 823 amino acids.Its molecule mass was 92.13 ku,and PI was 5.09.It displayed as a hydrophilic protein,whose secondary structure was mainly composed of random coil and α-helix.It had 69 phosphorylation sites and 4 N-glycosylation sites.Phylogenetic tree displayed that Maiwa yak,Bos grunniens,Bos mutus and Bos taurus gathered into one cluster.Maiwa yak HIF-1α gene was successfully cloned in this study,it provided a viable reference for further study of genetic characteristics of HIF-1α.     

氮对低氧胁迫下樱桃根系抗氧化酶活性及线粒体功能的影响

 以‘吉塞拉5号’樱桃组培苗为试材, 研究短期低氧胁迫下氮对樱桃幼苗根系抗氧化酶活性 及线粒体功能的影响。通过溶氧调节仪人为控制营养液溶氧浓度为2 mg·L ^{- 1} , NO₃^- 浓度共设4个水平:0、7.5、15.0、22.5 mmol·L ^{- 1} , 以1 /2 Hoagland营养液正常低氧处理(NO₃^- 浓度7.5 mmol·L ^{- 1} ) 为对照。结果表明: 各处理SOD、POD、CAT酶活性均呈现先升高后降低的趋势。与对照相比, 营养液加氮处理的SOD、POD、CAT酶活性升高, 膜质过氧化程度减轻, 且氮浓度越大酶活性升高幅度越大, 而营养液缺氮处理的酶活性降低, 膜质过氧化程度加重; 营养液缺氮处理樱桃根系线粒体中的H₂O₂和MDA含量、O₂^-·生成速率升高, 而营养液加氮处理可降低O₂^-·的产生及MDA含量, 提高线粒体的氧化磷酸化水平, 保护樱桃根系线粒体膜的完整性, 对线粒体呼吸功能的破坏明显减轻, 且NO₃^- 离子浓度高时效果更好, 说明适当提高营养液中的氮素水平可以缓解低氧胁迫对樱桃根系的伤害。     

Reproductive seasonality in a swamp-locked African cichlid

Abstract –  This study quantified the seasonal pattern of reproduction in a swamp-dwelling population of the African cichlid Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae. In the hypoxic waters of the Lwamunda Swamp, Uganda, P. multicolor was reproductively active throughout the year, even during the peak of the dry seasons. However, the degree of activity was seasonal, with rainfall providing a predictor of the percentage of ripe, mature females. There was no correlation between aquatic oxygen availability dissolved oxygen (DO) and either adjusted mean gonad mass or percentage of mature females, suggesting that DO is not limiting reproductive activity in this system. Reproductively mature females were larger during drier periods and may maximise their lifetime reproductive success by producing young throughout the year; but with a lower brooding efficiency. A comparison with Welcomme's (1969) study of a river-swamp system feeding Lake Victoria suggests that reproductive patterning is variable among populations of P. multicolor and may reflect adaptive response to chronically hypoxic conditions in the Lwamunda Swamp.     

Genes related to flooding tolerance during germination and early growth of weedy rice

Evolution of flooding tolerance in weedy rice has occurred in several rice-growing regions, but the genes related to this process and the environmental effects are unknown. The objective of this study was to analyse the expression of genes related to flooding tolerance in response to temperature and flooding during the initial establishment of weedy rice. The experiments were carried out with rice cultivars IRGA 417 and Nipponbare, which are sensitive to flooding, and weedy rice ITJ03 and AV04 genotypes that have high and intermediate tolerance to flooding, respectively. The expression of genes related to reserve mobilisation, anaerobic respiration, escape and quiescence strategies was analysed at periods up to 24 days after sowing. The flooding tolerance of weedy rice genotype ITJ03 was associated with the expression of RAmy3D and OsTPP7 , which are involved in the mobilisation of carbohydrate reserves, ADH1 and ADH2, which participate in anaerobic respiration, and SNRKL1 that triggers rapid elongation of the coleoptile and emergence. Although the genes PDC1, SUS3 and SUB1 are important for flooding tolerance in cultivated rice, their expression was not directly related to flooding tolerance in weedy rice. A temperature of 20°C reduced levels of expression of the RAmy3D, ADH2 and SNRKL1 genes and low temperature had a negative effect on the establishment of weedy rice. Breeding of rice genotypes with tolerance of low temperatures and anaerobic conditions may be a viable strategy to improve the control of weedy rice in paddy fields.     

γ-氨基丁酸对低氧胁迫下甜瓜幼苗抗氧化酶活性及表达的影响

采用营养液水培方法,研究低氧胁迫下外源GABA对甜瓜幼苗抗氧化酶（SOD、POD、CAT和APX）活性和同工酶表达的影响,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测幼苗根系抗氧化酶的基因表达特性。结果表明,低氧胁迫处理下,幼苗根系和叶片抗氧化酶活性和同工酶表达均高于对照,且根系CmSOD、CmPOD1、CmPOD2、CmCAT、CmAPX基因均上调表达;低氧胁迫下外源GABA处理显著提高幼苗根系和叶片SOD、CAT和APX活性以及同工酶表达,且根系CmSOD、CmCAT、CmAPX基因相对表达量在0.5~1 d迅速提高并达到最大值,且增加幅度高于低氧胁迫处理。由此可知,GABA通过促进根系抗氧化酶基因快速大量表达,提高抗氧化酶活性和同工酶的表达量,从而缓解低氧胁迫对甜瓜幼苗的伤害。     

低氧胁迫对河川沙塘鳢抗氧化酶及ATP酶活性的影响

研究了在急性低氧1.5 h、5 h和慢性低氧3 d下,河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)5种组织(心、脑、肝、鳃和肾)的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)3种抗氧化酶和ATP酶活性的变化规律。结果显示:在急性低氧暴露1.5 h时,河川沙塘鳢SOD和GPX的活力在各组织中与对照组相比均无显著差异,CAT活力在心、鳃和肝3种组织呈现显著升高(P0.05),ATP酶活力在心和肝组织极显著升高(P0.01);在急性低氧暴露5 h时,除肝组织SOD酶活性显著降低外(P0.05),其它4种组织的CAT、GPX和ATP酶均不同程度显著升高(P0.05);在慢性低氧处理3 d时,心、脑组织的抗氧化酶已基本恢复至与对照组无显著差异的水平,但鳃、肝和肾中酶活力仍较高(P0.05)。研究表明,河川沙塘鳢能通过自身调节抗氧化酶及ATP酶活性,改变代谢底物,提高机体适应低氧环境的能力。