Plasma levels of prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite and progesterone in repeat breeder heifers.

A detailed clinical-endocrine investigation was performed in 6 repeat breeder heifers (RBH) with the aim being to ascertain whether endocrine asynchronism exists at luteal regression and during early pregnancy. The heifers were first studied during an open cycle and then after insemination when 3 heifers became pregnant. Circulating plasma levels of PGF2 alpha metabolite were measured every 2nd h, while progesterone (P4) levels were measured every 6th h. The oestrous period and intervals between the onset of oestrus and ovulation were relatively longer, compared with what is normally seen in heifers. Plasma levels of P4 at the onset of oestrus were higher than normal, but it was concluded that the plasma levels of PGF2 alpha metabolite and P4 in RBH at luteal regression and early pregnancy were normal.     

白牦牛早期胚胎发育条件的初步研究

研究了卵母细胞质量和体外受精卵培养温度对白牦牛早期胚胎发育的影响。结果表明:白牦牛体外受精时要选择A级质量的卵母细胞,体外受精胚胎发育的最适温度为38℃。为完善白牦牛胚胎的体外生产体系提供了实验依据。     

Genetic Analysis and Mapping of TWH Gene in Rice Twisted Hull Mutant

A mutant with twisted hulls was found in a breeding population of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The mutant shows less grain weight and inferior grain quality in addition to twisted hulls. Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype of mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene (temporarily designated as TWH). To map the TWH gene, an F2 population was generated by crossing the twh mutant to R725, an indica rice variety with normal hulls. For bulked segregant analysis, the bulk of mutant plants was prepared by mixing equal amount of plant tissue from 10 twisted-hull plants and the bulk of normal plants was obtained by pooling equal amount tissue of 10 normal-hull plants. Two hundred and seven pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers, which are distributed on 12 rice chromosomes, were used for polymorphism analysis of the parents and the two bulks. The TWH locus was initially mapped close to the SSR marker RM526 on chromosome 2. Therefore, further mapping was performed using 50 pairs of SSR primers around the marker RM526. The TWH was delimited between the SSR markers RM14128 and RM208 on the long arm of chromosome 2 at the genetic distances of 1.4 cM and 2.7 cM, respectively. These results provide the foundation for further fine mapping, cloning and functional analysis of the TWH gene.     

An abdominal teratoma in a yearling Irish Cob with a strangulating obstruction of the small intestine

A yearling Irish Cob stallion was presented to De Morette Equine clinic for severe acute abdominal pain, nonresponsive to analgesics and sedatives. Rectal palpation and a limited transabdominal ultrasonographic examination led to the presumptive diagnosis of a strangulated obstruction of the small intestine. The painful behaviour of the pony did not allow conservative treatment and surgical exploration was denied by the owners for financial considerations. On necropsy, a large cystic mature teratoma was adhered to the ventral body wall, the mesenteric root, omentum and intestines. Teratomas are rare in man and animals, and an extragonadal intraperitoneal location has not previously been reported in the equine species.     

Effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in Holstein heifers

This study examined the effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in dairy heifers. Twenty Holstein heifers in early pregnancy were divided into non‐transported (NT; n = 7) and transported (T; n = 13) groups. Blood was collected before transportation (BT), immediately after transportation for 100 km (T1) and 200 km (T2), and 24 h after transportation (AT). The T heifers had higher (P < 0.05) blood cortisol and non‐esterified fatty acid concentrations after T1 and T2 than did NT heifers. By contrast, the T heifers had lower (P < 0.05) serum triglyceride concentrations after T1 and T2 than had the NT heifers. The serum cortisol and triglyceride concentrations returned (P > 0.05) to the BT concentrations at 24 h AT in the T heifers. The granulocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and the percentage of monocytes were higher (P < 0.05) after T2 in the T heifers than in the NT heifers, suggesting that transportation stress increased the numbers of innate immune cells. T heifers had higher (P < 0.01) plasma haptoglobin concentrations than NT heifers 24 h AT. In conclusion, transportation increased cortisol secretion and was correlated with increased metabolic responses and up‐regulation of peripheral innate immune cells in dairy heifers.     

叶绿素荧光技术在筛选光合突变体中的应用

叶绿素荧光技术作为光合作用研究的手段,在光合突变体筛选中起到了重要作用。使用该技术,大量光合突变体得以分离,并且随着分子生物学的进展,突变基因也被陆续克隆,同时利用这一技术的筛选方法也随着人们对光合作用机制认识的深入,不断得到了改进,本研究就这方面进展做以综述。     

Pregnancy Rate in Zebu Cows with Two Different Postpartum Intervals Exposed to a Two-Bull Rotational System

In order to evaluate the reproductive effect of a rotational breeding system, the pregnancy rate of 69 Zebu cows was assessed, 32 late postpartum (211±93 days postpartum, LP) and 37 early postpartum (averaging 63±8 days after calving, EP). In the LP group, 60% (19/32) were cycling before exposure to the bulls but only 38% (14/37) in the EP group. The two groups were dissimilar from the start (p<0.05). The cows were exposed in a rotational breeding system, with six Brahman bulls with previous sexual experience paired off in three groups (A–B, C–D and E–F). The cows were exposed to each pair of bulls for a period of 3 weeks, with one week in between each period, when the females were without the presence of a male. In the LP group, the pair of bulls A–B obtained a pregnancy rate of 72% (23/32), whereas for bulls C–D the pregnancy rate was 33% (3/9) and for bulls E–F the pregnancy rate was 67% (4/6). In contrast, for the EP cows, bulls A–B obtained a pregnancy rate of 32% (12/37), bulls C–D a pregnancy rate of 67% (12/18) and for bulls E–F a pregnancy rate of 55% (6/11). The percentage pregnancy obtained using the pair of bulls A–B differed (p<0.05) between LP and EP, whereas for bulls C–D and E–F it was similar. The pregnancy rate was different (p<0.05) in the first 3 weeks of mating for the LP group, the highest number of cows becoming pregnant during the first 3 weeks of the study. In contrast, the highest number of pregnancies in EP occurred evenly during the last 6 weeks. This study suggests that the reproductive performance of pairs of bulls in a 9-week rotational programme with the overall pregnancy rate is similar (94% in the LP and 81% in the EP). However, the time taken for the females to become pregnant, and hence the performance of the bulls, is related to the average number of days postpartum for the cows.     

早春短命植物绵果荠愈伤组织诱导相关因素研究

绵果荠是分布在新疆北部准噶尔荒漠中的十字花科一年生早春短命植物。本研究为探讨绵果荠愈伤组织诱导条件,以无菌苗子叶为外植体,研究了不同苗龄、培养基种类、蔗糖浓度和培养条件对愈伤组织的诱导及其生长的影响。结果表明,1)愈伤组织诱导的最佳条件为:苗龄14 d、培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L IBA+0.1 mg/L BAP、含糖量3%、温度25℃和光照为黑暗。2)愈伤组织生长的适宜条件是光照16 h/d和温度25℃。     

早期热习服对肉鸡耐热力发育的影响研究进展

从早期热习服的概念、耐热力的评价指标以及早期热习服的时机出发,总结与分析了早期热习服对肉鸡后期耐热力形成的影响规律,试图探索出早期热习服提高肉鸡后期耐热力的机理。     

牛初乳与牛常乳中乳脂肪球膜蛋白质的组成及功能的对比研究

利用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electropheresis,SDS-PAGE)将牛初乳与牛常乳中乳脂肪球膜蛋白质的组成部分进行分离鉴定,发现牛初乳与牛常乳中乳脂肪球膜蛋白质的组成存在较大的差异,且在牛初乳中鉴定出628种乳脂肪球膜蛋白质,牛常乳中鉴定出487种乳脂肪球膜蛋白质.由基因本体(gene ontology,GO)功能注释分析发现,在生物过程中生物调控作用是牛初乳和牛常乳中乳脂肪球膜的主要生物过程.在分子功能上,牛初乳的乳脂肪球膜蛋白质的绑定作用大于牛常乳.在细胞组成上,牛初乳乳脂肪球膜蛋白质参与细胞外区域远远大于牛常乳.通过京都基因与基因组百科全书系统(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)代谢通路分析可知,牛初乳和牛常乳乳脂肪球膜蛋白质参与的代谢途径不同,表明牛初乳在日后的生产加工中更具有利用价值.