型钢拱架日光温室结构稳定性能及参数分析

型钢拱架日光温室结构的主要受力构件长细比大,暴雪等极端灾害天气下易引发结构失稳灾变。针对此问题,该研究利用弹塑性力学理论和非线性有限单元法,建立型钢拱架日光温室结构精细化有限元模型,开展雪荷载下日光温室稳定性能分析;通过对型钢截面类型（平椭圆形截面、箱形截面和几字形截面）、温室跨度（8、10和12 m）、雪荷载分布形态（分布厚度不均匀和分布区域不对称）等参数下进行日光温室失稳全过程分析,分别确定日光温室稳定承载力,揭示雪荷载分布对日光温室稳定承载力的量化影响;结合日光温室的荷载系数-位移全过程曲线和不同加载时刻点的变形图、应力图、轴力图与弯矩图,从直观现象和内在本质两个层面深入探明日光温室的静力失稳机理。分析结果表明：在保证不发生平面外整体失稳的前提下,当型钢截面面积和翼缘宽度相同时,相较于箱形截面型钢、几字形截面型钢,采用平椭圆形截面型钢拱架的日光温室稳定承载力分别提高了19.2%和44.2%;跨度对日光温室稳定承载力的影响较大,与8 m跨度相比,10、12 m跨度的日光温室的荷载系数分别下降了27.1%和57.9%;相较于均匀分布雪荷载,在非均匀分布雪荷载下日光温室的稳定承载力最大下降63.8%;相较于不设置拉杆和撑杆的情况,单独设置拉杆的日光温室稳定承载力最大可提高9.0%,单独设置撑杆的日光温室稳定承载力最大可提高66.8%。该研究得出的结果和给出的建议可为型钢拱架日光温室结构抗雪设计、稳定性研究和防灾分析提供技术指导和理论参考。     

Disseminated cryptococcosis including osteomyelitis in a horse

A 4-year-old Arab mare was diagnosed with disseminated cryptococcosis, including osteomyelitis of the proximal phalanx of the left hind limb, osteomyelitis with associated soft tissue granuloma of a rib and disseminated, large cryptococcal nodules in the lungs. The lesion in the dorsoproximal aspect of the proximal phalanx had a large area of cortical lysis with spiculated periosteal new bone and extensive soft tissue swelling. The affected rib had a pathological fracture. Cryptococcal osteomyelitis has not been previously reported in horses but should be considered as a differential diagnosis, particularly in endemic regions.     

A Comparative Study of Confined Concrete Models under Cyclic Loading

In this paper,four models are selected as the representatives and applied to nonlinear dynamic analysis program for space frames which is based on the beam-column elements using the finite element flexibility method and the fiber model.Park's test on combined axial and bending columns under cyclic loading are taken as the calibrations,comparisons to material and structural member level are drawn and the analytical results of various models are discussed.     

稻麦联合收获开沟埋草多功能一体机行走及脱粒性能改进

针对自行研制的稻麦联合收获开沟埋草多功能一体机所存在的行走直线稳定性差、脱粒质量较低等问题。依据横向轴流式滚筒对稻麦秸秆的传递导流作用和二次复脱的原则,通过增设辅助滚筒的方法既改变出草口位置使开沟总成中移,消除整机偏向力,又延长秸秆在滚筒内的作用时间,提高谷物脱粒质量。其中:辅助滚筒总长为855 mm,导流角为18°,滚筒直径为452 mm,转速为1 350 r/min。性能测试表明:改进后自研一体机在0.27、0.58、0.85 m/s 3种不同工况下行走偏移度分别降低了93.9%、94.4%、93.3%,行走直线稳定性显著提高;小麦和水稻总损失率分别降低20.9%和11.8%,含杂率分别降低45.7%和21.4%。尽管水稻破碎率增加了7.4%,但脱粒的综合质量有较大提高。该研究增进了多功能一体机的适用性,为稻麦秸秆机械化集沟还田提供了参考。     

轴向柱塞泵全局耦合动力学建模

轴向柱塞泵内部子系统强耦合作用下柱塞泵呈明显的全局耦合特性,而柱塞泵传统局部动力学模型普遍存在恒压力、定转速等假设条件,缺乏对全局耦合特性的综合分析能力,为此在分析子系统间结构关系及耦合情况的基础上,提出一种基于数组的键合图建模方法,建立了斜盘式轴向柱塞泵键合图模型。进行了柱塞-滑靴子系统摩擦学-动力学耦合机理分析,并定义能量损耗因子,综合包含非线性因素的各子系统动力学方程参数,最终导出柱塞泵全局耦合动力学模型。对模型进行了仿真,仿真结果与实际情况吻合,验证了模型的有效性和正确性。     

反渗透海水淡化用提升泵的设计

针对提升泵存在轴头力过大的问题,采用调整口环直径、前盖板加装辅助叶片、降低转速等方法进行轴向力平衡,对于2500 t/d反渗透海水淡化的提升泵,通过降低转速增加叶轮尺寸的方法来平衡轴向力使结构更趋合理.结合反渗透海水淡化的工艺流程,提出提升泵性能参数的确定方法.鉴于提升泵入口高压的运行环境,选择单级悬臂、双蜗壳、三推力轴承组合结构形式,采用较粗的轴径和较小的悬臂比,提高系统的稳定性.应用新型的上游泵送机械密封,通过100 h的运转试验,在较高的压力环境下运行,仍能保持良好的密封性能,且断面无接触,磨损量小,解决了高压环境下轴封反复失效的问题.     

Concept and feasibility study for the integrated evaluation of environmental monitoring data in forests

In the 1970s unexpected forest damages, called “new type of forest damage” or “forest decline”, were observed in Germany and other European countries. The Federal Republic of Germany and the German Federal States implemented a forest monitoring system in the early 1980s, in order to monitor and assess the forest condition. Due to the growing public awareness of possible adverse effects of air pollution on forests, in 1985 the ICP Forests was launched under the convention on long-range transboundary air pollution (CLRTAP) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN-ECE). The German experience in forest monitoring was a base for the implementation of the European monitoring system. In 2001 the interdisciplinary case study “concept and feasibility study for the integrated evaluation of environmental monitoring data in forests”, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, concentrated on in-depths evaluations of the German data of forest monitoring. The objectives of the study were: (a) a reliable assessment of the vitality and functioning of forest ecosystems, (b) the identification and quantification of factors influencing forest vitality, and (c) the clarification of cause-effect-relationships leading to leaf/needle loss. For these purposes additional data from external sources were acquired: climate and deposition, for selected level I plots tree growth data, as well as data on groundwater quality. The results show that in particular time series analysis (crown condition, tree growth, and tree ring analysis), in combination with climate and deposition are valuable and informative, as well as integrated evaluation of soil, tree nutrition and crown condition data. Methods to combine information from the extensive and the intensive monitoring, and to transfer process information to the large scale should be elaborated in future.

水平定向钻回拖载荷预测模型

从弹性力学与非牛顿流体力学的角度出发,研究了与回拖载荷相关的变量,着重分析了回拖阻力的3个组成部分(管道质量及其引起的管土摩擦力、弯曲段阻力效应引起的阻力与泥浆拖曳阻力)的计算方法,三者求和并根据静力平衡条件可得回拖载荷。3项阻力在回拖载荷中均占有较高的贡献权重,且贡献权重在回拖过程中呈现动态变化。泥浆拖曳阻力是回拖阻力的重要组成部分,将其纳入可更准确地预测回拖载荷的动态特性。根据搜集的HDD安装试验数据,对预测模型进行实例验证,预测结果与试验数据之间良好的一致性表明所提方法的正确性。     

清选装置电气控制系统设计

自行研制了纵轴流风筛式清选装置试验台,并对清选装置的电气控制系统进行了设计研究,配有扭矩仪和风速传感器等硬件设备,采用了计算机数据采集与监控系统,可实现数据的实时采集,可以对参数进行实时调节控制,控制面板简洁规范,操作简便。该设计提高了清选装置试验台的操作简便性和试验数据测量的准确性,对于指导清选装置的设计制造具有重要意义。     

双斜盘多排式轴向柱塞马达转矩特性分析

为了实现多级转速和转矩的输出,轴向柱塞马达必须使用节流阀、减压阀等耗能元件来改变输入压力和流量,但同时降低了效率。新型双斜盘多排式轴向柱塞马达可以利用其结构的特殊性,实现输出转矩的多样性。本文基于双斜盘多排式轴向柱塞马达的结构特点及工作原理,推导了该马达在不同工作方式下的理论瞬时转矩和转矩不均匀系数,并通过Matlab分析了内外马达转矩系数比对转矩不均匀系数的影响,设计了马达的实验液压系统并搭建了实验平台,对马达进行了原理性实验,并进行了数据分析。实验结果表明,在额定压力和额定排量下,该马达能实现多种不同的转速与转矩输出,随着内外马达转矩系数比的增大,低速大转矩的转矩不均匀系数越小,高速低转矩不稳定系数越大,通过合理设计可以实现马达在不同工作状态下的稳定运行,验证了新型马达在结构原理上的可行性,为新型轴向柱塞马达的改进设计提供了实验依据。