Bartonella species and their ectoparasites: selective host adaptation or strain selection between the vector and the mammalian host?

A wide range of blood-sucking arthropods have either been confirmed or are suspected as important vectors in Bartonella transmission to mammals, including humans. Overall, it appears that the diversity of Bartonella species DNA identified in ectoparasites is much broader than the species detected in their mammalian hosts, suggesting a mechanism of adaptation of Bartonella species to their host-vector ecosystem. However, these mechanisms leading to the fitness between the vectors and their hosts still need to be investigated.     

竹炭对生物油模型组分的吸附特性试验

以竹子为前躯体热解制得竹炭,选取糠醛、乙酸、苯酚、葡萄糖为生物油模型化合物,研究竹炭对生物油模型组成各单组分的静态吸附特性及双、四组分混合下的竞争吸附行为。结果表明：竹炭对不同组分的吸附特性存在较大差异;单组分吸附24h,竹炭对糠醛的吸附量最大,乙酸次之,对葡萄糖的吸附量最小;吸附平衡时,竹炭对苯酚的吸附量将超过乙酸;糠醛-葡萄糖双组分竞争下,竹炭对糠醛显示出强烈的选择性吸附特征;4种组分竞争下,各组分吸附量相对单组分均有所下降,其中乙酸降幅最大,且乙酸等物质在吸附过程中出现浓度突变现象,这可能是因为吸附性能较好的糠醛将已经吸附的乙酸从竹炭上置换下来;在选用的所有试验工况下,竹炭对葡萄糖均表现出低的吸附态势。     

Family by environment interactions in shell size of 43-day old silver-lip pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima), five families reared under different nursery conditions

To understand the influence the environment and associated genotype by environment interactions will exert on future silver-lip pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) selective breeding programs, this study assessed the relative performance in four shell growth traits of spat from five full-sib families, when spat were communally reared at different salinities (29, 34 and 40 ppt), food availability (high, medium and low), food quality (high, medium and low), and in a hatchery vs. ocean environment for 43 days.Rearing environment was found to influence growth expression, with significant differences evident when oysters were grown at different salinities in the ocean instead of hatchery, or when fed algae of differing nutritional quality. As indicated by MANOVA, family comparative growth performances were also altered when the environment changed, with significant environment by family interactions apparent in the food quality, food availability and hatchery vs. ocean rearing treatments. Changes in salinity, however, did not affect relevant family performances.These results indicate that growth and relative family performance in P. maxima may change dependent on local environmental conditions and that genotype by environment effects may need to be considered in breeding programs for this species.     

Survival of Atlantic salmon captured in and released from a commercial trap-net: Potential for selective harvesting of stocked salmon

The major wild Atlantic salmon stocks in the Baltic Sea began to recover in the late 1990s. This recovery has been partly due to strict regulations in the Gulf of Bothnia that effectively prevent salmon fisheries during the peak migration. About half of the migrating salmon, however, are reared fish that could be harvested. We simulated a limited trap-net fishery that selectively harvested reared salmon and released wild fish, and studied the survival and migration of the released salmon. We tagged and released 1970 salmon caught in the trap-nets along the coast in 2001 and 2002. The mean maximum capture and release induced mortality of salmon was 11%, ranging between 4% and 21% in different release groups by year, sea age and number of releases. The cumulative mortality for the total salmon population on their spawning migration in the Gulf of Bothnia was below 5%, and it would not increase considerably after the first capture and release events, provided fishing effort is not excessive and fish are handled properly. Survival of trap-net captured and released Baltic salmon appears high and their migration behavior is not altered due to this handling. Several preconditions, however, should be considered before selective fishing is introduced in the Gulf of Bothnia salmon fishery.     

白花除虫菊四倍体与二倍体株系抗氧化酶活性研究（摘要）

[目的]测定白花除虫菊四倍体株系与二倍体对照株系试管苗和田间叶片中SOD、POD及APX酶的活性,为选育抗性强的白花除虫菊优良四倍体品种提供理论依据。[方法]先加入预冷的提取缓冲液（pH=7.5,0.05 mol/L Tris-Hcl缓冲液）冷冻离心提取叶片中的各酶液。蛋白含量和SOD活性的测定按南京建成生物工程研究所试剂盒说明书操作。POD总活力测定：100μl酶液用Tris-HCl（pH=7.0）溶液稀释至1 ml,准确加入0.1%的愈创木酚1 ml,30℃水浴10 min后,立即测定溶液在470 nm处的吸光度,然后准确加入0.08%的H_2O_2 100μl,充分混匀,反应2 min时立即测定溶液在470 nm处的吸光度,求出反应前后的吸光度差值。酶的比活力用ΔOD_（470）/（mg·min）表示。APX活性测定：3 ml反应液中含50.0mmol/L PBS（pH=7.0）,0.1 mmol/L EDTA,0.1 mmol/LH2O2,0.5 mmol/LASA,最后加入100μl酶液。在室温下记录10 s,30 s时290 nm处吸光度的变化。酶活单位定义为每小时氧化1μmol ASA的酶量为一个酶活单位。[结果]四倍体株系与二倍体对照株系比较,其保护酶系统中各种抗氧化酶的活性都能得到普遍提高,并且各株系的田间样品与试管苗样品的各抗氧化酶活性呈正相关,因此可以应用组织培养技术在育种的初期试管苗阶段进行早期筛选,缩短选育时间,节约人力物力。[结论]试管苗期间各株系的抗氧化酶活性可以作为筛选抗病抗逆性强的白花除虫菊优良株系的参考指标。     

抗病虫棉花新品种邯棉103的选育

邯棉103是以早熟、高产、优质、抗病的邯333为母本,以转基因抗虫棉GK-12为父本杂交,经枯黄萎混生病圃定向选择培育而成.该品种具有高产、稳产、抗病、抗虫、吐絮肥大和衣分高等特点,2007年3月通过河北省品种审定委员会审定,适宜在冀中南及黄河流域棉区春播种植.     

杀虫剂对中华草蛉幼虫的毒力及其选择性研究

用点滴法测定了 13种杀虫剂对中华草蛉 (Chrysopa sinia (Jieder) )幼虫的毒力 ,按敏感性由高至低依次为 :久效磷、氯氟氰菊酯、灭多威、丙溴磷、辛硫磷 >氧乐果、甲基对硫磷、甲基毒死蜱 >硫丙磷 >抑太保 >氰戊菊酯 >阿维菌素及硫丹。同时测定了多种药剂对棉铃虫 (H elicoverp a armigera Hübner)、棉蚜 (Aphis gossyp ii Glover)的毒力 ,证明多数有机磷杀虫剂及灭多威为非选择性药剂 ;具有选择性的药剂中 ,硫丹选择性最高 ,其次为氰戊菊酯。氯氟氰菊酯对中华草蛉与棉铃虫表现出一定程度的选择性 ,但对中华草蛉与棉蚜则表现为非选择性 ;随棉蚜抗药性提高 ,各药剂选择性降低。     

杨树微纤丝角的变异及其与木材性质的相关关系

微纤丝角为细胞次生壁S2层微纤丝排列方向与细胞主轴所形成的夹角,与木材的物理性质、力学性质和化学性质都有着直接的关系。应用x射线衍射法测定了7个杨树无性系(14株样木)胸径处各年轮的微纤丝角,并对应分析和测定了各年轮的木材基本密度、纤维长度、纤维宽度和纤维素含量。研究结果表明,杨树微纤丝角在年轮间存在显著差异,其径向变异规律为从髓心向外以微纤丝角逐渐降低,年轮间的平均微纤丝角在7.8旱?8褐洌荒静幕久芏取⑾宋ざ取⑾宋矶群拖宋睾吭谀曷旨湟泊嬖谙灾钜臁O喙胤治霰砻鳎⑾怂拷怯肽静幕久芏取⑾宋ざ取⑾宋矶群拖宋睾看嬖谙灾母合喙毓叵??0.01),相关系数分别为-0.450、-0.586、-0.516和-0.660。回归分析结果表明,多项式方程可较好地描述杨树微纤丝角与所测定的木材性质的关系,相关系数均在-0.45以上(n=125)。本文的研究结果认为,在今后针对杨树材性改良的育种计划中,微纤丝角是一个重要的选育和改良指标。图3表3参34。     

高产稳产优质耐旱型水稻新品种金穗1号选育 及旱直播栽培技术

金穗1号是以花培品种“早花2号”为亲本,与优良性状互补的品种杂交配组育成的水稻新品种。既保持了水稻品种高产稳产抗性强品质优的特点,而且抗旱性突出,适合旱直播栽培。冀东旱直播高产栽培的关键在于早播,充分利用当地的气候条件。     

小兴安岭针阔混交林择伐6a后林地土壤呼吸速率空间变异性

利用土壤CO2排放通量全自动测量系统LI-8100,测定了黑龙江省带岭林业局东方红林场不同采伐强度林地的土壤呼吸速率、土壤分室呼吸速率以及土壤表层下10 cm处的温度和湿度,进而研究了择伐作业后林地土壤呼吸速率空间变异性及影响因素.结果表明:伐后6 a,林地土壤呼吸空间变异性显著,但与采伐强度无显著相关性,影响样方间林...