务川黑牛品种简介

就务川黑牛的分布、品种特性、适应性、抗病力、生产性能等进行了详细的介绍。     

Effect of season and location on the crop contents of local and improved scavenging hens in northern Vietnam

An experiment was carried out to determine the effects of season (dry and rainy), location (lowland and highland villages) and breed (local and improved) on the amount and physical and chemical composition of the scavenged feed. This was done by crop content analysis of a total of 192 Ri (local) and 192 Luongphuong (LP, improved) hens at 20 weeks of age. The mean fresh weights of the crop contents were 16.9 and 33.3 g, for the dry and rainy seasons, respectively (p < 0.001), 24.3 and 25.9 g, for the Ri and LP breeds, respectively (p < 0.001), and 25.0 and 25.3 g, for the lowland and highland village, respectively (p > 0.05). The proportions of contents were human food leftovers 38.4% and 24.3%, grains 20.9% and 33.7%, insects and worms 9.6% and 11.2%, and green materials 8.8% and 13.8%, for the dry and rainy seasons, respectively (p < 0.05). The proportion of green materials was higher in the LP hens and highland villages, while the proportion of grains was higher in the Ri hens and lowland village (p < 0.05). The dry matter, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), total ash (Ash), calcium (Ca), phosphorus, and metabolizable energy (ME) contents were significantly higher for the rainy season (p < 0.01), and CP, Ash, Ca and ME were higher for the LP hens. The crude fibre content was higher in the dry season, and in the Ri hens and highland village (p < 0.001). The total and essential amino acid concentrations were significantly higher in the rainy season, and in the LP hens (p < 0.05), but were not different between locations (p > 0.05). Nutrient intakes from scavenging were estimated at between 20% and 30% of requirements.     

Evaluation of a new oscillometric blood pressure monitor in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs

Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a new veterinary oscillometric noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) monitor in anesthetized dogs. Study design Assessment was made to determine how closely indirect measurements were associated with direct measurements, and if there were statistically significant differences between the measurements by site. Animals Six mongrel dogs weighing 27.8 ± 2.9 kg. Methods Dogs were anesthetized with thiopental and maintained with isoflurane, which was delivered with controlled ventilation. Direct pressure measurements were obtained via a percutaneously placed arterial catheter. A range of systolic arterial pressures (SAP) were achieved by changing the isoflurane concentrations. Sites of cuff placement for indirect measurements were identified as metacarpus, metatarsus, and anterior tibial. Results At pressures below 80 mm Hg, indirect systolic measurements averaged 4 ± 3 mm Hg, higher than the direct values. At normal and high levels, indirect systolic measurements underestimated direct values by 18 ± 6 and 23 ± 6 mm Hg, respectively. Diastolic and mean pressure measurements followed the same trend, with indirect values being lower than the direct arterial pressures. Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure measurements differed by cuff‐placement site. Conclusions When analyzed by site and level, indirect systolic and mean arterial blood pressures during hypotension were essentially the same as direct pressures. However, at pressures within the normal or high range, indirect measurements underestimated the direct pressures. Clinical relevance Noninvasive blood pressure measurements with a new oscillometric monitor provided an excellent means of detecting arterial hypotension in anesthetized dogs. The metatarsal site for cuff placement was slightly better than the metacarpal or anterior tibial site, considering that the regression line was closest to complete equality between the indirect and direct measurements for SAP.     

利木赞牛改良陕北本地黄牛效果分析

对榆林市神木县地区和延安地区相同营养水平下的298头利木赞牛改良陕北本地黄牛F1代及陕北本地黄牛的体重和部分体尺指标进行了测定,并进行数据分析。结果表明:利木赞牛与陕北本地黄牛杂交F1代的体高、体长、胸围和髋宽均比陕北本地黄牛有所提高,且差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);初生牛的平均体重公牛43.95 kg,母牛41.11 kg,分别比本地黄牛提高126.5%、120.78%,改良效果十分显著。     

Evaluation of smallholder pig production systems in North Vietnam: Pig production management and pig performances

This study investigated the productive adaptability of pig breeds under different smallholder production conditions in Vietnam, comparing an indigenous with a Vietnamese improved breed. Fieldwork was conducted in four villages with different remoteness in North Vietnam from 2001 to 2002, in 64 households keeping the improved Mong Cai or indigenous Ban as sow breeds and progeny for fattening. Four visits per farm yielded 234 structured interviews. Reproductive performances were derived from 135 litters. Individual weights of pigs (n = 755) were obtained. Data were analysed by regression, linear and generalised linear, especially loglinear models.

Two distinct pig production systems were identified, that differed in remoteness, market access, resource availability, distribution of pig breeds and pig production intensity. Higher performances of 1.4 and 1.5 litters year^− 1, 8.4 and 8.4 piglets weaned litter^− 1, 66.6 and 93.0 kg piglets weaned sow^− 1 year^− 1, and 136 and 177 g day^− 1 ADG were found in two villages near town with semi-intensive production conditions and a high rate of improved Mong Cai sows and MC and LW × MC offspring in the observed population. Lower performances of 1.1 and 1.1 litters year^− 1, 4.6 and 5.5 piglets weaned litter^− 1, 20.5 and 30.9 kg piglets weaned sow^− 1 year^− 1, and 66 and 85 g day^− 1 ADG were observed in parallel to higher incidences of indigenous Ban pigs away from town under extensive conditions. Total live weight offtake per household per year was higher near town and in one village distant to town. MC and LW × MC remained even under demand-driven conditions below the performance potential reported for improved genotypes. Under resource-driven conditions with a saving-oriented production pattern, the higher-yielding but more demanding Mong Cai might not be an efficient production alternative as a further performance reduction can be assumed. A considerable live weight output was observed under resource-driven conditions and with a higher percentage of crossbred LW × Ban offspring in the population, possibly representing a promising production alternative. Factors influencing the performance expression of pigs, and the suitability of different methods for the assessment of performance parameters on-farm are discussed.     

蓝白花肉牛杂交改良本地黄牛的效果

2002--2004年化隆县引进蓝白花肉牛细管冻精1000支对本地黄牛进行改良,共授配本地黄牛416头,生产蓝本F1353头。同时测定了蓝本F1初生、6月龄和12月龄时的体重、体长、胸围和体斜长指标,并与本地黄牛进行了比较。结果表明,蓝本F1表现出了较强的杂种优势,杂交效果显著。     

柴达木盆地家畜育肥饲草料营养成份分析

对柴达木盆地地产育肥饲草料进行了营养成份分析，结果表明，柴达木盆地地产饲草料育肥家畜的日粮配方，与省内其他地区育肥家畜日粮配方的营养水平基本相当，只是磷含量较少，应适当增加磷比例。     

利木赞牛改良民和县浅山地区黄牛的研究

[目的]为了研究利木赞牛改良民和县浅山地区当地黄牛的效果.[方法]在民和县浅山区选择相同营养水平和管理模式下的267头利木赞改良本地黄牛F1代与本地黄牛的体重、体尺进行测定比较,分析.[结果]表明利木赞牛与民和县浅山区本地黄牛杂交F1代的体高、体长、胸围和髋宽均比本地黄牛有所提高,且差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)24月龄时利本F1平均体重公牛426.42 kg母牛389.41 kg,分别比本地黄牛提高90.21%、82.7%.[结论]在民和县浅山地区用利木赞改良本地黄牛,生产杂交的肉牛具有显著的经济效益.