青岛文昌鱼自然保护区营养盐时空分布特征及富营养化评价

本研究分析了2017年9月(夏季)和11月(秋季)青岛市文昌鱼(Branchidermus fasciatus)水生野生动物市级自然保护区营养盐含量的季节变化和平面分布,并对该海域进行了富营养化评价。研究结果显示,2017年溶解无机氮(DIN)平均含量夏季高于秋季,NO_(2-)N、NH_(4-)N平均含量分别是秋季的1.98倍、1.44倍,而NO_(3-)N和PO_(4-)P平均含量低于秋季,分别是秋季的88.8%和47.6%。夏季DIN总体水平优于海水一类标准值,PO_(4-)P总体水平优于海水一类标准值;秋季DIN总体水平优于海水一类标准值,PO_(4-)P总体水平劣于海水一类标准值。从水平分布来看,夏季海水的DIN浓度分布趋势大致呈核心区实验区缓冲区的趋势;秋季海水的DIN浓度分布呈缓冲区实验区核心区。夏季N/P比值略高于Redfield比值,而秋季N/P比值较低于Redfield比值,DIN相对缺乏。根据潜在性富营养化评价模式,2017年保护区海域夏季和秋季营养水平较低,均属于贫营养水平。     

利用生物方法治理水体富营养化的研究进展

利用水生生物吸收利用氮、磷元素进行代谢活动以去除富营养化水体中氮、磷营养物质,从而达到治理富营养化水体的目的。生物方法利用的能源主要是太阳能,污染少,能实现资源的再利用,有利于建立合理的水生态循环。     

Mass balanced based LCA of a common carp-lettuce aquaponics system

An aquaponics system (AS) is an integrated system that combines a recirculating aquaculture system and a hydroponics system (HS). It is designed to recover nutrients released from fish and transfer them to plants to provide a system more environmentally-friendly than the two systems working separately. As a result, several AS are under development, but little information is available about their overall performances. The aim of this study was to assess nutrient-use efficiency and environmental impacts of an AS, specifically a common carp-lettuce AS located in a greenhouse. Nutrient budgets of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were calculated and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was performed for the AS and for a lettuce Individual Hydroponics System (IHS), similar to the HS of the AS, operating in the greenhouse at the same time. The experiment was performed over a 52-day cycle, which corresponds to the growing time required to harvest marketable lettuce. The nutrient budgets were well balanced, with 24.6% of the N unaccounted-for, most likely due to N2 gas emission, and 6.6% of the P unaccounted-for, most likely due to having underestimated the quantity of sediment. At the beginning of the experiment, N represented 55.9%, 37.1% and 0.1% of the total N input in the formulated feed, stocked fish and lettuce seedlings, respectively. At the end of the experiment, N represented 47.6% and 0.4% of the total N input in the harvested fish and lettuce, respectively. At the beginning of the experiment, P represented 56.94%, 40.20% and 0.03% of the total P input in the formulated feed, stocked fish and lettuce seedlings, respectively. At the end of the experiment, P represented 51.52% and 0.42% of the total P input in the harvested fish and lettuce, respectively. LCA clearly indicated two environmental impact hotspots: the origin of nutrients and energy use. One kg of lettuce growth in the AS clearly had lower environmental impacts than that in the IHS for climate change, acidification, eutrophication, land competition and cumulative energy demand; however, a decrease in water dependence was not observed. The indicator for net primary production use highlighted the dependence of the AS on natural resources, especially fish meal and fish oil. Compared to the use of chemical nutrients in the IHS, the use of nutrients from formulated feed in the AS decreased climate change impact but increased the use of natural resources.     

天津周边海域表层水体理化要素分布特征和水质评价

通过对天津周边海域表层水体的一些理化要素进行调查,得到化学需氧量(CODMn)、活性磷酸盐(PO34--P)、氨氮(NH4+-N)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO2--N)及硝酸盐氮(NO3--N)含量从离岸近的海域向外海方向递减。水温、pH值、盐度的变化趋势则正好相反;在此次调查期间,天津周边海域海水中无机氮的主要存在形式为NO3--N和NO2--N;相关性分析表明,盐度与化学需氧量、活性磷酸盐、无机氮、亚硝酸盐氮在p=0.01水平上均呈极显著负相关;活性磷酸盐与无机氮、NO2--N和NH4+-N含量均在p=0.01水平上呈极显著正相关;由N/P比和E值的平面分布图可以得到,沿岸N/P比最低,离岸越远的地方N/P比越高。E值的平面分布恰恰相反。北塘附近海域依然是富营养化最严重的区域;本调查海域主要是磷限制,无机氮仍然是此海域的首要污染因子,其次是化学需氧量。     

浙江省供水水库的水质评价及富营养化防治对策研究

对浙江省125座水库进行水质监测与富营养化评价,并对15座水库进行趋势分析。结果表明,89.6%的水库符合集中式生活饮用水地表水源地水质的要求,84.9%的水库属贫-中营养类型;15座水库的总磷、总氮上升趋势明显,供水水质呈变差趋势;提出了防治措施。     

贵州方竹水库浮游生物多样性与氮、磷含分布

As it＇s revealed in the investigation data, significant differences of N, P concentration, as well as, the component and amount of plankton were absorved mong the upper, the middle and the downstream of Fangzhu reservoir. Upstream was seriously polluted, a obvious trait, namely artificial fertilization, was absorved in the middlestream,while, compared with the Water Environment Evaluation Criteria,the water quality of the downstream was located class IU, inferior conditions were detected also. This reservoir had exhibited a high Self-purification Capacity, compared with the upstream, the concentration of TN, TP, as well as the eutrophication index of N, P in the downstream were declined 19.74% and 68.81% ,3 and 19, respectively,while the biomasses of phytoplankton and zooplankton were tremendously increased 1 984. 4 and 10.6 times,respectively, as long as the phytoplankton diversity index, evenness index and dominance index,0.32,0.16 and 0.01 increases were observed, separately. In sum, the TP eutrophication appraisal index was extremely higher than that of TP in Fangzhu reservoir.     

国内外利用藻类技术处理废水、净化水体研究现状

论述了利用藻类处理废水和净化富营养化水体技术的国内外研究现状和发展趋势。利用藻类处理废水、净化富营养水体 ,既能保护环境 ,又能节约资源 ,具有良好的生态效益和社会经济效益。未来藻类处理废水、净化水质应和生物基因技术、藻菌体、驯化微生物技术、人工神经网络及生物控制技术相结合 ,充分利用食物链中能流和物质转化关系。     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠对西洋菜生长影响的研究

[目的]为西洋菜在治理和修复十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）污染的富营养化地表水体中的应用提供试验依据。[方法]通过测定不同浓度SDBS处理西洋菜的POD、CAT、SOD活性以及可溶性蛋白和叶绿体色素含量研究了SDBS对西洋菜生长的影响。[结果]当SDBS的浓度低于10mg／L时,西洋菜的可溶性蛋白含量随SDBS浓度的增大而上升;当SDBS的浓度高于10mg／L时,其可溶性蛋白含量随SDBS浓度的增大而下降;当SDBS的浓度为50mg／L时,其可溶性蛋白含量低于对照。当SDBS浓度达10mg／L时,西洋菜的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均达最大值,且其SOD和CAT活性达最大值。当SDBS的浓度为100mg／L时,西洋菜的SOD活性明显低于对照;当SDBS浓度为50mg／L时,其CAT活性明显低于对照。当SDBS浓度为5mg／L时,西洋菜的POD活性达最大值。[结论]西洋菜对SDBS的耐受力较强,故其适用于治理有表面活性剂污染的富营养化水体。     

植物投放密度对富营养化湖水修复效率的影响

[目的]研究几种植物混种对富营养化水体的净化效果。[方法]以小瓜子、缎带椒、中柳、皇冠和西瓜草5种植物为试材,以北京市延庆县妫水湖8月份富营养化程度最高的湖水为植物生长基质,设高、中、低3个投放密度试验组,研究植物投放密度对富营养化湖水的修复效率影响;通过测定水样中总磷酸盐（TP）、总氮（TN）、氨氮和硝态氮的浓度变化,确定植物修复的最佳效率。[结果]所有植物试验组对富营养化水中氨氮的净化效果均比较显著。3个试验组中,以投放低密度试验组对氨氮吸收的处理效果比较好,对硝氮吸收的处理效果较为明显;投放中密度试验组对于总氮和磷酸盐吸收的处理效果较为明显。[结论]适当控制植物的投放密度有利于去除富营养化物质。