氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂的体外药效学研究(英文)

[目的]为了探明氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂的体外药效学特征。[方法]以氟苯尼考注射液为对照组对氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂进行5种细菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)和耐药突变选择窗(MSW)的测定,对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌进行抗生素后效应(PAE)和抗生素后亚抑菌浓度效应(PASME)的测定。[结果]相对于普通注射液氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂对5种细菌的MIC和MBC无明显变化,但其明显缩小了对5种细菌的MSW(P<0.01),并且明显的延长了对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌PAE和PASME(P<0.01)。[结论]氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂在体外能够减小细菌耐药几率,明显延长抗生素对细菌的后效应时间,从而有效地提高抗菌效果。     

深色有隔内生真菌提高宿主植物抗逆性的研究进展

深色有隔内生真菌(DSE)是植物根际重要的益生菌,与宿主植物互作形成共生体,对宿主植物具有促生抗逆作用.深色有隔内生真菌(DSE)提高植物的抗逆性包括提高植物对干旱以及重金属污染等逆境胁迫的抗性、诱导植物产生系统抗性、抵御病原菌生物胁迫等.对这些方面的研究进展进行探讨,以期为益生菌与宿主植物互作机制研究提供理论依据和参考.     

A simple method to obtain endophytic microorganisms from field-collected roots

We describe a simple technique for obtaining endophytic microorganisms from field-collected roots. Roots of plant species were surfaced-sterilized, cut into pieces, and then each root piece was transferred to drops of Gel-Gro medium. The number of segments with bacteria and fungi was quantified and those with bacteria and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi were plated onto tryptic soy agar (TSA) and malt extract agar (MEA), respectively. When arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) grew from root segments, they were inoculated into Ri T-DNA-transformed carrot root cultures. Eight different species of bacteria and five dark septate endophytes were isolated. Thirty AMF isolates were identified and continuous pure cultures established. This easy and inexpensive approach allowed us to culture various endophytic microorganisms in an in vitro system saving time and space.     

蒙古沙冬青深色有隔内生真菌磷脂脂肪酸生物标记

为探究深色有隔内生真菌(DSE)磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)生物标记在DSE分类鉴定和土壤微生物检测上的应用,分别于宁夏银川、沙坡头、甘肃民勤和内蒙古乌海4个样地采集蒙古沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)根样,分离得到DSE,结合形态学和分子生物学进行分类鉴定,并利用Sherlock微生物鉴定系统检测DSE脂肪酸组成。4个样地共分离得到12株DSE,可划分为7属7种。通过对DSE脂肪酸组分进行检测,共得到91种已知脂肪酸和12种Summed Feature型。DSE脂肪酸以C_(14)酸、C_(16)酸和C_(17)酸为主,其中16∶0、16∶1Cis 9(ω7)、18∶2CIS 9,12/18∶0a、18∶0和Summed Feature 8为DSE共有脂肪酸,部分菌株中还具有特有脂肪酸组成,其可作为土壤微生物检测的生物标记。通过脂肪酸分析可将12株DSE分为4个类群,将3株DSE鉴定到种。结果表明,PLFAs生物标记可作为DSE分类鉴定指标,并为土壤微生物检测提供依据。     

干旱环境下羊柴DSE与AM真菌和土壤因子关系研究

为了探明干旱环境下风蚀和水蚀对DSE(Dark septate endophytes)活动的影响,试验于2013年6月选取内蒙古正蓝旗青格勒图梁地,设置梁底、梁坡和梁顶不同样地,从羊柴(Hedysarum laeve)根围0~10、10~20、20~30、30~40、40~50cm土层采集土壤样品,研究了DSE分布规律以及与AM(arbuscular mycorrhiza)真菌和土壤因子的相关性。结果表明:羊柴根系能被DSE高度侵染,形成典型的有隔菌丝、微菌核和泡囊等共生结构。样地对DSE定殖率有显著影响,DSE菌丝、泡囊和总定殖率梁底梁顶梁坡,AM真菌定殖率梁底梁坡梁顶。相关性分析表明,DSE定殖率与AM真菌定殖率显著正相关,与土壤酸性和碱性磷酸酶极显著正相关。受风蚀和水蚀影响,3个样地土壤养分差异明显,梁底受侵蚀作用最弱,梁坡最强;DSE定殖和分布具有明显空间异质性,梁底显著高于其它样地,梁坡最低,DSE定殖状况能够良好的指示内蒙古梁地土壤环境的变化。这为进一步明确DSE生态功能,利用DSE资源促进干旱地区植被恢复和水土保持提供依据。     

氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂的体外药效学研究

 【目的】为了探明氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂的体外药效学特征。【方法】以氟苯尼考注射液为对照组对氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂进行5种细菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）、最低杀菌浓度（MBC）和耐药突变选择窗（MSW）的测定,对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌进行抗生素后效应（PAE）和抗生素后亚抑菌浓度效应（PASME）的测定。【结果】相对于普通注射液氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂对5种细菌的MIC和MBC无明显变化,但其明显缩小了对5种细菌的MSW（P＜0.01）,并且明显地延长了对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌PAE和PASME（P＜0.01）。【结论】氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂在体外能够减小细菌耐药几率,明显延长抗生素对细菌的后效应时间,从而有效地提高抗菌效果。     

Effects of non-chemical soil fumigant treatments on root colonisation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and strawberry fruit production

The effects of biofumigation and soil heating on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonisation, strawberry growth and strawberry yield in pot experiments compared with untreated soil and chemical fumigation with dazomet were tested. Three different Brassicaceae species (Brassica juncea, Eruca sativa, Sinapis alba) were used as biofumigant plant green manure and soil heating was applied to simulate soil solarisation. Half of the plants were inoculated with indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculum. With one exception (E. sativa) among the uninoculated plants, the treatments significantly decreased the mycorrhizal colonisation parameters compared with the untreated control. Dazomet displayed the greatest inhibitory effects on AMF establishment. In addition, the intensity and number of bands corresponding to Glomus spp. obtained with temporal temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis were lower for strawberry plants from biofumigant treatments than from the control. For the inoculated plants, there were almost no significant differences among the mycorrhizal colonisation parameters. The mass of leaves for the uninoculated and inoculated plants was higher for almost all non-chemical soil fumigant treatments compared with the control, except for heating of the uninoculated treatments. The number of strawberry fruits for the uninoculated biofumigant treatments was the highest, being higher than the values observed for the heating treatments, the chemical disinfection treatments and the control. There were no significant differences among the inoculated treatments. Biofumigation with Brassicaceae species resulted in higher soil organic matter and mineral nutrients and had a relatively small effect on AMF colonisation (F% = 59.0, 80.3, 47.3 for Bj, Es and Sa, respectively) compared with uninoculated controls (F% = 84.3). Despite the reduced AMF colonisation, biofumigation resulted in a higher fruit number and mass of leaves. Therefore, it represents a non-chemical soil fumigation method that should be applied in sustainable strawberry production.     

深色有隔内生真菌（DSE）对甘蔗苗生长影响初探

[目的]筛选出对甘蔗苗具有显著促生功能的菌株,为实现甘蔗生产节肥减耗、促进蔗地生态系统良性循环提供科学依据.[方法]将从日本引进的6个深色有隔内生真菌（DSE）菌株分别接种甘蔗组培苗和盆栽苗,评价其对甘蔗苗生长的影响.[结果]供试菌株能不同程度地提高甘蔗组培苗的株高和盆栽苗的干重,其中菌株LtVB3（Melin-iomyces variabilis）的促生作用较为突出,接种该菌株后甘蔗组培苗株高和干重分别较对照提高了68.69％和56.66％,与对照相比均达到显著差异水平,甘蔗盆栽苗干重较对照提高40.00％,促生效果较为稳定.[结论]DSE中存在对甘蔗具有较好促生作用的菌株,其中菌株LtVB3具有较好的开发利用潜能.     

Tree species as hosts for arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyte fungi

A survey of 35 tree species(belonging to 28 genera in 19 families) in Aliyar,South India was carried out to ascertain their arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) and dark septate endophyte(DSE) fungal status.All the tree species examined had AM association.AM and DSE colonization is reported for the first time in 20 and 14 species respectively.Cooccurrence of AM and DSE was observed in 14(40%) tree species.The extent of DSE colonization was inversely related to the extent of AM fungal colonization.Six tree species had Arum-type,18 had intermediatetype and 11 had typical Paris-type AM morphology.AM fungal spore morphotypes belonging to 11 species in two genera were isolated from the rhizosphere soil.AM fungal spore numbers were not related to the extent of AM colonization and Glomus dominated spore diversity.AM association individually and along with DSE were found respectively in the 63% and 44% of the economically important tree species.The occurrence of AM and DSE fungal association in economically important indigenous tree species indicates the possibility of exploiting this association in future conservation programmes of these species.     

Molecular characterization and endophytic nature of the root-associated fungus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Meliniomyces variabilis</Emphasis> (LtVB3)

The root-associated fungus LtVB3 was formerly reported as a potential, new biocontrol agent of Verticillium yellows of Chinese cabbage and Fusarium wilt of tomato. According to molecular phylogenetic analysis of the ITS 1-5.8S rDNA-ITS 2 gene regions and morphological characteristics, LtVB3 is here identified as Meliniomyces variabilis, a recently described species [formerly called “Variable White Taxon” (VWT)] in a new genus erected to accommodate sterile fungi with phylogenetic affinities to Rhizoscyphus ericae, an ericoid mycorrhizal fungus. In vitro inoculation experiments showed that LtVB3 colonized the roots of torch azalea and eucalyptus; however, growth was enhanced only in azalea but not in eucalyptus. Hyphae of M. variabilis formed intracellular structures typical of ericoid mycorrhizas in epidermal cells of azalea roots but did not produce any typical ectomycorrhizal structures with or within root cells of either host. In LtVB3-treated eucalyptus roots, some cells in the epidermal and cortical layers had wall appositions and thickenings, which appeared to restrict fungal growth.