Moth sex-pheromone biosynthesis is inhibited by the herbicide diclofop

Pheromones of nocturnal moths are derived from fatty acids produced as a result of the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. This timely production is initiated in nocturnal moths by a tropic peptide, pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide released into the hemolymph. In monocotyledonous plants, specific plastid acetyl-CoA carboxylase is inhibited by herbicides that target the eukaryotic form of the enzyme. We report evidence that these herbicides can also target pheromone biosynthesis by a moth, thereby implicating the acetyl-CoA carboxylase as a key regulatory enzyme in the pheromone biosynthetic pathway. These findings, whilst indicating the possible action of such herbicides on non-target organisms, also suggest a novel alternative method of insect pest management, which precludes sex-pheromone production and mating success, thereby reducing insect population growth.     

甘肃东方蜜蜂的形态特征研究

通过测定甘肃2个不同样点的4群东方蜜蜂发现,甘肃蜜蜂种群内遗传变异丰富,种群中许多形态性状特征表现出较明显的地理变异性;蜜蜂个体增大、体色变深,具体是:前翅长、前翅宽、背板3,4宽;后腿长、蜡镜长、蜡镜宽、蜡镜间距、腹片3,6的长和宽逐渐增加;背板3,4、小盾片的色素度逐渐加深。这些均具有生态适应意义。     

Computationally Assisted Structural Elucidation of Cembranoids from the Soft Coral Sarcophyton tortuosum

A persistent study on soft coral Sarcophyton tortuosum resulted in the characterization of two new cembranolides, tortuolides A and B (1 and 2), and a new related diterpene, epi-sarcophytonolide Q. Their structures were determined not only by extensive spectroscopic analysis but also by DFT calculations of ECD and NMR data, the latter of which was combined with statistical analysis methods, e.g., DP4+ and J-DP4 approaches. Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activities were evaluated in this study.     

微塑料对双酚A在鲤鱼肠道中累积及生长生理的影响

探明微塑料（MPs）对双酚A （BPA）在鱼类肠道中累积特征及鱼类生长生理的影响,本研究以黄河鲤鱼为模型生物,分析了0.5 μm聚苯乙烯微塑料（PS-MPs）与BPA联合作用下鲤鱼肠道中微塑料及BPA的累积特征、鲤鱼生长及其抗氧化酶活性,以及它们之间的响应关系。结果表明：联合处理下鲤鱼肠道中的PS-MPs含量随时间呈线性增加,且随投加的微塑料浓度增加而增加,而PS-MPs累积速率随时间呈先增加后减小趋势,其中在BPA+PS（L）处理（1 mg·L^-1 BPA+20 μg·L^-1 PS-MPs）下,0.25 d时鲤鱼肠道中PS-MPs累积速率达到峰值（373.81 μg·g^-1·d^-1）,BPA+PS（H）处理（1 mg·L^-1 BPA+100 μg·L^-1 PS-MPs）下,则是在0.125 d达到最高（644.00 μg·g^-1·d^-1）。与单一BPA暴露相比,联合暴露下鲤鱼肠道中BPA累积量增加,与BPA （1 mg·L^-1 BPA）处理相比,BPA+PS （L）和BPA+PS （H）处理下鲤鱼肠道中BPA含量分别提高了6.13%和9.74%,BPA累积速率分别增加了190.01%、373.80%。相较于对照处理,BPA处理和MPs与BPA联合处理均引起鲤鱼肠组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量增加,使体质量下降幅度减缓,其中BPA、BPA+PS （L）和BPA+PS （H）处理下鲤鱼体质量（21 d）较对照处理分别下降1.22%、3.90%、4.33%。当微塑料投加量达到100 μg·mL^-1时,联合处理会增加鲤鱼肠道中SOD活性、CAT活性和GSH含量,抑制MDA产生,从而缓解MPs和BPA联合作用对鲤鱼造成的氧化损伤,并且减缓鲤鱼体质量下降。研究表明,微塑料的存在会增加双酚A在鲤鱼肠道中的累积,且两者联合作用对鲤鱼产生了协同毒理效应,导致鲤鱼生长速率减缓,体质量下降。     

β-Carotene from the Alga Dunaliella bardawil Decreases Gene Expression of Adipose Tissue Macrophage Recruitment Markers and Plasma Lipid Concentrations in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Vitamin A and provitamin A carotenoids are involved in the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation. We examined the effect of dietary supplementation using all-trans and 9-cis β-carotene-rich Dunaliella bardawil alga as the sole source of vitamin A on obesity-associated comorbidities and adipose tissue dysfunction in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. Three-week-old male mice (C57BL/6) were randomly allocated into two groups and fed a high-fat, vitamin A-deficient diet supplemented with either vitamin A (HFD) or β-carotene (BC) (HFD-BC). Vitamin A levels in the liver, WATs, and BAT of the HFD-BC group were 1.5–2.4-fold higher than of the HFD group. BC concentrations were 5–6-fold greater in BAT compared to WAT in the HFD-BC group. The eWAT mRNA levels of the Mcp-1 and Cd68 were 1.6- and 2.1-fold lower, respectively, and the plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were 30% and 28% lower in the HFD-BC group compared with the HFD group. Dietary BC can be the exclusive vitamin A source in mice fed a high-fat diet, as shown by the vitamin A concentration in the plasma and tissues. Feeding BC rather than vitamin A reduces adipose tissue macrophage recruitment markers and plasma lipid concentrations.     

超高效液相色谱测定猪配合饲料中苯乙醇胺A的研究

研究建立了超高效液相色谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography,UPLC)—二极管阵列检测器(PDA)测定配合饲料中苯乙醇胺A的方法。通过应用0.1%甲酸甲醇溶液提取、混合阳离子固相萃取净化及样品基质校正外标定量方法进行测量。在优化条件下,苯乙醇胺A在0.1~20.0 mg/kg浓度范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数(R²)达到0.9945;在1.0、5.0、10.0 mg/kg等不同添加浓度下,方法回收率高于90.36%,变异系数低于5.98%;方法检测限为0.06 mg/kg,定量限为0.10 mg/kg。结果表明,该方法灵敏度高、精密度好、准确可靠且操作简单,能够满足配合饲料中苯乙醇胺A的测定需要。     

Isolation and pathogenic characterization of an OB1 variant of Babesia rodhaini which has a glycophorin A-independent pathway to murine red blood cells

Recent studies using several Babesia spp. have demonstrated that these species commonly recognize host sialic acids of red blood cells (RBCs) for their invasion. Glycophorin A (GPA), which is a major carrier of the sialic acids on RBCs, is a possible invasive receptor for Babesia parasites. In the present study, a variant of Babesia rodhaini was successfully isolated from a GPA homozygous knockout (GPA^−/−) mouse infected with an Australian strain of B. rodhaini which had originally been unable to replicate in GPA^−/− mice. The isolated parasite (designated as an OB1 variant) caused lethal infection to wild-type mice, as in the case of the parent Australian strain. However, although the growth of the OB1 variant in GPA^−/− mice was comparable with that in wild-type mice at 1–4 days after infection, the growth was significantly inhibited from day 5 onward, leading to the eventual survival of the GPA^−/− mice. Resistance of GPA^−/− mice against OB1 infection was lost by splenectomy, although the cytokine responses to the infection in the sera of GPA^−/− mice were similar to those of wild-type mice. The autoantibody levels to GPA-defective RBCs in the sera of GPA^−/− mice were depressed at a lower level at 0–2 days after infection than those of wild-type mice, while the levels of GPA^−/− mice progressively increased and reached comparable levels to those of wild-type mice at day 3 or later. These results indicate that the isolated OB1 variant has a GPA-independent invasion pathway into murine RBCs and suggest that the resistance of GPA^−/− mice against infection with the OB1 variant may be attributed to the effective clearance of the parasitized RBCs lacking GPA in the spleen, possibly mediated by preferential autoantibody binding to the RBC membrane.     

兔病毒性出血症、多杀性巴氏杆菌病、产气荚膜梭菌病(A)型三联灭活疫苗研制

对 5批兔病毒性出血症、多杀性巴氏杆菌病、产气荚膜梭菌病三联灭活疫苗进行了动物试验 ,结果表明该疫苗安全有效。近期效检对兔病毒性出血症的保护率为 1 0 0 % ,对兔多杀性巴氏杆菌病保护率为 92 % ,对产气荚膜梭菌病 (A)型保护率为 88%。在免疫期试验中 ,免疫 6个月后 ,对兔病毒性出血症保护率为 1 0 0 % ,对多杀性巴氏杆菌病的保护率为 79% ,对产气荚膜梭菌病 (A)型的保护率为 88%。在保存期试验中 ,4～ 8℃保存 1年仍有效。     

Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the non-structural 3A and 3B protein-coding regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus subtype A Iran 05

The A Iran 05 foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) subtype was detected in Iran during 2005 and has proven to be highly virulent. This study was undertaken to focus on molecular and phylogenetic analysis of 3A and 3B coding-regions in the A Iran 05 field isolate. To assess the genetic relatedness of A Iran 05 isolate the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of the 3AB region of type A FMDV isolates were compared with twenty previously described type A FMDV isolates. The phylogenetic tree based on the 672 bp 3AB gene sequences of type A FMDV from thirteen different locations clustered them into five distinct lineages. The A Iran 05 isolate clustered in lineage A along with four type A variants and was closely matched with viruses isolated in Turkey and Pakistan during 2005~2006. The number of protein sequence differences exhibited by each of the isolates revealed that A Iran 05 isolate contains three amino acid substitutions at positions 47 and 119 of 3A and 27 of the 3B coding region. The nucleotide identity between A Iran 05 and the other four isolates of lineage A was estimated to be 98%.     

乙酸钠对油酸诱导的BRL-3A细胞脂肪变性的影响及机制分析

通过向油酸诱导的大鼠肝成纤维细胞(BRL-3A)脂肪变性模型中添加不同浓度(2、4、8 mmol·L^-1)的乙酸钠,探讨其对脂肪变性细胞模型脂代谢的调控机理及细胞损伤的修复作用。试验方法：1)用不同浓度的油酸(0、0.03、0.06、0.12、0.24、0.48) mmol·L^-1刺激BRL-3A细胞24 h后,分别检测细胞相对活力、总脂滴面积、三酰甘油(TG)含量、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)及丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活性,建立脂肪变性细胞模型;2)向BRL-3A细胞中添加不同浓度的乙酸钠,通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;3)用不同浓度的乙酸钠和0.12 mmol·L^-1油酸共同孵育BRL-3A细胞,试验分为4组,分别为油酸处理组、2 mmol·L^-1乙酸钠+油酸处理组、4 mmol·L^-1乙酸钠+油酸处理组和8 mmol·L^-1乙酸钠+油酸处理组,分别对细胞脂滴、TG含量、AST、ALT活性、AMPK信号通路蛋白以及脂代谢关键基因进行检测。结果显示:1)用0.12 mmol·L^-1油酸处理BRL-3A细胞24 h,成功建立BRL-3A细胞脂肪变性模型。2)不同浓度的乙酸钠对BRL-3A细胞凋亡率没有影响;3)4、8 mmol·L^-1乙酸钠处理脂肪变性细胞模型后,与油酸处理组相比,细胞总脂滴面积、每平方毫米脂滴数、TG含量、AST和ALT活性均显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)下降,P-AMPK表达水平显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)上升;脂合成代谢相关基因ACC、FAS以及SCD-1 mRNA表达水平均有一定程度下降;脂分解代谢相关基因CPT-1、CPT-2以及ACO mRNA表达水平均有一定程度上升。本研究表明,乙酸钠会通过AMPK通路激活脂分解代谢,减轻肝细胞脂质蓄积,并且对油酸诱导的BRL-3A细胞脂肪变性模型的损伤具有一定缓解作用。