137Cs示踪法在东北松嫩平原土壤侵蚀定量评价中的应用

根据不同退化程度草原和不同开垦年限农田土壤137Cs放射强度分析结果表明:与轻度退化草原相比,中度退化和重度退化中的137Cs放射强度分别下降了21%和52%。草原土壤开垦后,137Cs放射强度明显下降,开垦7年、15年、33年后,137Cs的放射强度分别只有轻度退化草原的37%、31%和26%。相关分析表明,伴随着土壤侵蚀的发生,土壤有机质含量、全N含量以及阳离子交换量下降。137Cs放射强度与土壤有机碳、土壤全N、交换性K和阳离子交换量呈极显著的正相关。     

Research on Lead-time Compression of Inventory Integrating Remanufacturing and Manufacturing System for the IOT Environment

The lead time compression is the core of supply chain management with time competition and the powerful source of competitive advantage of supply chain.As an emerging technology,The Internet of things ...     

对我国LULUCF碳计量监测方法的探讨

围绕我国林业编制温室气体清单这一重要工作,介绍了IPCC关于LULUCF温室气体清单编制系列技术指南的技术要点和要求,阐明了我国林业温室气体清单编制工作的进展,提出了林业开展LULUCF碳监测工作未来面临的需求。同时,在分析美国、欧盟、加拿大等发达国家LULUCF温室气体清单编制做法和经验的基础上,提出了"在森林资源清查样地系统上构建"、"新布设LULUCF大样地系统"等2种开展LULUCF碳监测的思路,目的是为推动我国林业LULUCF碳监测达到国际先进水平提供建议。     

A prospective,randomized, double-blind,placebo-controlled multisite,parallel-group field study in dogs with osteoarthritis conducted in the United States of America evaluating bedinvetmab,a canine anti-nerve growth factor monoclonal antibody

ObjectiveBedinvetmab, a fully canine anti-nerve growth factor monoclonal antibody, was evaluated in dogs for control of osteoarthritis-related pain in a study conducted to support registration in the USA.Study designRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, parallel-group study.AnimalsGeneral practice client-owned dogs with osteoarthritis (n = 272).MethodsDogs were block randomized 1:1 to placebo (saline, n = 137) or bedinvetmab (n = 135; 0.5–1.0 mg kg^–1) administered subcutaneously, once monthly. The primary end point, day 28 Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) treatment success (TS), required pain severity score (PSS; 0–10) decrease ≥1 and pain interference score (PIS; 0–10) decrease ≥ 2. CBPI TS rates [and number needed to treat (NNT)], change in scores [and standardized effect size (ES)], change in quality of life (QoL) and bedinvetmab half-life were calculated.ResultsSignificant (p < 0.05) improvement with bedinvetmab over placebo occurred (days 28, 42, 56, 84) for CBPI TS. Of cases evaluable for day 28 CBPI TS (placebo, n = 131; bedinvetmab, n = 128), success rates were 36.6% and 47.4%, respectively (p = 0.0410) (NNT, 9.3; PSS and PIS ES, 0.3). CBPI TS increased after the second dose in both groups, plateaued for bedinvetmab at day 42 and decreased for placebo beginning day 84. Day 84 NNT (4.3), PSS (0.4) and PIS (0.5) showed continued improvement with monthly dosing. After the first dose, mean (± standard deviation) bedinvetmab half-life was 19.1 (8.3) days. Adverse events were similar between groups and not considered treatment-related. There was a significant effect of bedinvetmab versus placebo on all CBPI components (PIS, PSS, QoL).Conclusions and clinical relevanceThese results corroborated those previously reported and provide further support of safety and effectiveness of bedinvetmab (0.5–1.0 mg kg^–1) administered subcutaneously at monthly intervals to dogs for control of osteoarthritis-related pain.     

EPQ Model with Different Lost Sale Factor Relative to Inventory Level

It is important for enterprises' inventory management to find out the optimal production cycle and the length of shortage time,so that the total cost of inventory system can be reduced and the service level can be raised.Based on the classical EPQ model,this paper develops an EPQ model for deterioration items with different lost sale factor relative to the inventory level during shortage period.The existence of unique optimal solution is discussed by mathematic analysis and a numeric example.The sensitivity analysis shows that the parameter of losing sale has different impact on the costs of inventory system.The factors must be considered for the production inventory system to make management decision.     

137Cs和210Pbex双核素示踪"三北"防护林区退耕前后坡地土壤侵蚀变化

为查明"三北"防护林建设前后农耕地和退耕地土壤保持效益变化，利用137Cs和210Pbex双核素示踪技术，选择了防护林建设较为成功的张家口坝上地区（风力侵蚀区）作为典型区，研究了农耕地以及退耕地土壤137Cs和210Pbex的剖面变化规律及其示踪的土壤侵蚀变化。结果表明：1）由于耕作的混匀作用，农耕地土壤剖面中137Cs和210Pbex均呈均匀态分布；退耕地土壤剖面中137Cs和210Pbex则表现为表层（0～5cm）浓度最高、下层（5～25cm）浓度均相对较低且分布相对均匀的形态，这表明退耕后坡地土壤137Cs和210Pbex剖面形态均会发生一定变化，退耕驱动土壤137Cs和210Pbex剖面变化导致运用土壤核素估算侵蚀模型在该区域难以适用；2）基于土壤137Cs和210Pbex剖面变化规律，利用210Pbex质量平衡方程，提出了退耕地土壤210Pbex土壤侵蚀估算模型；3）利用137Cs比例模型估算退耕地土壤侵蚀速率为27.94±11.92 (t/hm2·a)，农耕地侵蚀速率为29.11±14.42 (t/hm2·a)，而利用修正后的210Pbex转换模型估算得到"三北"防护林区退耕地造林前平均侵蚀速率为82.16±14.36 (t/hm2·a)，造林后平均侵蚀速率为-41.28±33.91 (t/hm2·a)；农耕地造林前平均侵蚀速率为68.55±22.11 (t/hm2·a)，造林后平均侵蚀速率-8.52±47.32 (t/hm2·a)。这表明137Cs示踪技术主要表征了1963年以来该区坡地土壤侵蚀和沉积的平均结果，而210Pbex示踪技术则可以较好地示踪防护林建成前后的土壤侵蚀变化。此外，研究结果也表明，相比于"三北"防护林建成之前，建成之后该区农耕地和退耕地的土壤侵蚀速率均呈显著下降趋势，且均由前期的风沙侵蚀转变成了风沙沉积。     

太湖地区高产水稻生命周期评价

以太湖地区高产水稻典型管理措施为例,应用生命周期评价方法,以生产1t水稻为评价的功能单元,把水稻生命周期划分为原料阶段、农资阶段和种植阶段进行清单分析与影响评价,考虑了能源消耗、水资源消耗、温室效应、环境酸化和富营养化5种环境影响类型。结果表明,太湖地区高产水稻生命周期环境影响潜力大小依次是水资源消耗、富营养化、温室效应、环境酸化和能源消耗,环境影响指数分别为1．45、0．54、O．52、0．32和0．05,环境影响综合指数为0．54。降低稻田水肥投入,提高水分和养分生产效率是控制太湖地区水稻生产体系生命周期环境影响的关键,它在直接减少种植环节资源消耗与污染排放的同时,也间接减轻了上游生产环节的环境影响,从而减缓生命周期的环境影响。     

有机酸对液培玉米吸收137Cs和90Sr的影响

利用液培方法研究胡敏酸钠等有机酸盐作用下玉米幼苗对放射性核元素137Cs和90Sr的吸收速率。研究结果表明:利用有机酸盐可以降低玉米幼苗对放射性核元素的吸收速率。1低活度放射性核素水平下,对照(不加有机酸盐)的玉米幼苗中发现了97%放射性核元素137Cs,而高活度放射性核素水平中为61%;有机酸盐不同程度地降低了玉米幼苗中放射性核元素137Cs的量。在低活度水平中四苯硼钠降低137Cs的量最多, 玉米仅吸收12%,而酒石酸钾钠处理中玉米吸收量最高,为45.5%。对137Cs的吸收率,在胡敏酸钠处理中为23.9%, EDTA-Na处理中为41.3%;在高活度放射性核素水平中吸收率的顺序为四苯硼钠11%,胡敏酸钠26%,酒石酸钾钠28.7%,EDTA-Na 37%。2低活度水平下,对照中放射性核元素90Sr的56%被玉米幼苗吸收,而高活度水平中达61%。有机酸盐在低活度水平中降低放射性核元素90Sr的顺序为胡敏酸钠 23.9%,EDTA-Na 26%,酒石酸钾钠28%和四苯硼钠36%;在高活度水平中为四苯硼钠11%,EDTA-Na 24%,胡敏酸钠26%,酒石酸钾钠 31%。3低活度和高活度水平中,四苯硼钠和胡敏酸钠降低玉米幼苗体内的放射性核元素性质为最佳。4所有有机酸盐处理与对照之间的差异都达到极显著水平。     

Soil Redistribution investigations by combined use of soil 137Cs and selected chemical properties

Abstract

To improve the methods of application of phosphorus or supply of soil P to Azolla (A. microphylld), basal application, split application, inoculation of P-enriched Azolla, and soil disturbance were compared. Soil disturbance did not increase the floodwater P content. Phosphorus was applied to inoculum production plots to enrich Azolla with P. Thus, phosphorus-enriched Azolla could multiply 5–7 times after inoculation until it became P deficient. Trials on the methods of enrichment of Azolla with P showed that the best method was to broadcast twice 4.33 kg P (10 kg P₂O₅/ha) at 2-day intervals and to harvest Azolla 3 days after P application. Addition of P once or twice 2 weeks after the inoculation of P-enriched Azolla further increased the biomass production. Efficiency of P application was analyzed in terms of N gain in relation to the amount of P applied. This ratio in the P-enriched Azolla treatment was higher than the economically sound ratio -5-, and higher than or equal to that in the standard split application.