吉林省玉米推荐施肥指标体系的建立

通过总结2004~2014年间课题组在吉林省开展的田间试验及2005~2013年吉林省玉米"3414"田间肥效和校验试验资料,按土壤养分(播前耕层土壤硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾及10叶期0~90 cm土层土壤硝态氮)含量对土壤进行分级,进一步结合目标产量,初步建立以根层硝态氮调控为核心的总量控制、分期实时实地精确监控的玉米氮肥推荐施肥指标体系以及基于养分平衡和土壤测试的磷、钾肥恒量监控推荐施肥指标体系,为吉林省玉米合理科学施肥提供一定参考。     

江西省棉花生产的"十一五"情况回顾与发展建议

回顾了"十一五"期间江西省棉花生产的情况,指出了在棉花生产中存在的机械化程度低、病虫害发生严重、自然灾害频繁发生、劳动力不足、生产规模小、农技服务薄弱等问题.提出了"十二五"期间江西省发展棉花生产的思路和目标,并提出了加强政策支持、有步骤地推进植棉机械化、加强新品种选育与推广、健全农技服务体系、开展多种形式的间套作、提高棉花产业化水平、加快棉花专业合作社的发展、推进土地的合理流转、加强农田水利建设等发展对策与建议,以促进江西省棉花生产的可持续发展.     

2013年春季黑龙江省大豆市场分析及后市展望

受春季降水多、积雪厚、回暖晚的不利气象条件影响,2013年黑龙江省大豆播种延后1周以上。由于种植效益低,农民种豆积极性低,黑龙江省北部地区大豆面积继续保持下降趋势。在大豆市场方面,黑龙江省农民忙于春耕生产,加工企业多数停产,大豆市场购销停滞,大豆价格平稳回落。展望后市,进口大豆将供给充足,后期国内大豆价格震荡回落;国际大豆价格将呈现震荡走低格局。     

河北辣椒

通过介绍河北省独特的气候、地理优势,河北辣椒的栽培历史、生产现状和主要栽培方式,以及辣椒研究和育种方面所取得的成绩,使人们对河北辣椒有一个较全面的认识,达到相互了解,相互学习的目的。     

河北省失地农民就业和社会保障问题研究——关于廊坊市、涿州市失地农民的调查报告

长期以来,我国存在的城乡二元经济体制,导致了城乡居民就业和社会保障制度的明显差距。通过对失地农民边缘化的原因进行了分析,提出了引入市场机制,保护农民的土地财产权利;建立合理的经济补偿机制;建立完善的社会保障机制,为失地农民提供长效保障的政策建议。     

30年来辽宁省玉米增产因素贡献分析

对30年来辽宁省玉米生产状况资料进行收集和整理,从品种改良、栽培管理和科学技术等角度深入解析辽宁省玉米产量提高的主要原因、技术特征和增产机理,明确了辽宁省玉米产量提高的主要推动力(增加动力是什么)及限制因素(增加限制因素),为今后辽宁省玉米产量提高和产业化生产提供科学合理的参考。     

湖南金缕梅科种质资源及其在园林中的应用前景

金缕梅科植物是亚热带常绿阔叶林的重要组成部分,我国拥有众多的种类资源,是金缕梅科的世界分布中心.介绍了中国金缕梅科植物资源的分布状况.简要评述了金缕梅科植物国内外栽培应用情况结合调研,总结了湖南种类资源的观赏特性,推荐了一批具有优良观赏性状的该科植物,并对金缕梅科作为湖南地带性植物的应用前景进行了展望.     

四川省粮食单产影响因素的灰色关联分析

运用灰色关联分析方法,对四川省1996~2003年粮食单产的主要影响因素进行分析,结果表明:单位面积化肥投入量、有效灌溉面积比例、单位面积财政支农支出和未受灾面积比例是影响四川省粮食单产的4个重要因子,其次是单位面积机械总动力,第3是单位面积地膜用量。     

湖南省10种籼稻谷挥发性成分的相似性研究

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(HS-SPME/GC-MS)联用方法对湖南省10种籼稻谷挥发性成分的相似性进行了研究。结果表明,该方法可以很好地分离籼稻的挥发性成分;通过对10种籼稻的GC-MS图谱分析,共确定了12个色谱峰为这10个品种籼稻挥发性成分的特征指纹峰,建立了籼稻挥发性成分的GC-MS指纹图谱,并对该图谱进行了相似度分析,结果显示10种籼稻相似度很高。建立的籼稻GC-MS指纹图谱,具有重复性和稳定性,可用于评价相关籼稻质量,为进一步研究稻谷挥发性成分提供参考。     

Detection and Analysis of Magnaporthe oryzae Avirulence Genes AVR-Pib,AVR-Pik and AvrPiz-t in Heilongjiang Province

【Objective】The objective of this study is to investigate the distribution and variation mechanism of avirulence genes AVR-Pib, AVR-Pik and AvrPiz-t in Magnaporthe oryzae strains from different regions and years in Heilongjiang Province, to understand the pathogenic phenotypes of different avirulence gene alleles, and to provide a reference for utilization and distribution of resistance cultivars in Heilongjiang Province.【Method】Based on the avirulence gene sequences published in NCBI, specific primers were designed to amplify full length and the coding sequence (CDS) regions of three genes, respectively. From 2016 to 2017, 335 M. oryzae strains in different regions of Heilongjiang Province were collected and isolated, and their DNA was PCR-amplified using avirulence genes primers and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The PCR products with different band patterns and from representative strains of different regions were selected for sequencing. The sequencing results were compared with the corresponding avirulence gene sequences for base and amino acid. The pathogenic phenotype of M. oryzae strains with different variant types was determined based on the rice resistance to single-gene lines.【Result】The specific bands of AVR-Pib, AVR-Pik and AvrPiz-t were detected in PCR detection and appeared in different distribution frequencies and mutation types, indicating that these 3 avirulence genes were all distributed in Heilongjiang Province. The average amplification frequency of the 3 avirulence genes was 75.52%, 87.16% and 85.67%, respectively. Among them, 4 types of band (bandless, high band, mid to high band and low band) of AVR-Pib were detected by electrophoresis analysis and 5 variant types AVR-Pib (1-1, 1-2, 2, 3, 3-1) were detected by PCR product sequencing. The genotypes AVR-Pib-1-1, AVR-Pib-1-2, AVR-Pib-2 and AVR-Pib-3-1 are newly discovered variant types, of which genotypes AVR-Pib-1-1 and AVR-Pib-1-2 are insertions of transposon Pot2 but with different insertion sites. The genotype AVR-Pib-2 has a small fragment insertion in the upstream of CDS region. The genotype AVR-Pib-3-1 base sequence has 4 differences from the original sequence, namely 32 (C/G) 35 (T/A) 36 (T/A) 38 (T/A), and the amino acid translation was terminated prematurely. Pathogenic analysis showed that except for the normal genotype AVR-Pib-3, the other alleles lost their avirulence functions. Seven AVR-Pik alleles (D, A, B, C, E, F, F2) were detected after PCR product sequencing, and the alterations in the nucleotide sequences of these alleles all resulted in amino acid missense mutations. The 7 AVR-Pik alleles have been reported previously. The avirulence gene AvrPiz-t was analyzed by electrophoresis and sequencing of PCR products, and 2 types of band (high band and normal band type) and 4 genotypes of AvrPiz-t (A, B, C, D) were revealed. Among them, AvrPiz-t-A is the original genotype, while AvrPiz-t-B has a base A insertion at position 191, causing premature termination of amino acid translation. Genotype AvrPiz-t-C is a newly discovered allelic type, characterized by the presence of a nucleotide variation at position 17 (T/C) and the insertion of base C at position 19 compared with type A, leading to the frameshift mutation and premature translation termination. The high band type avirulent genotype AvrPiz-t-D was sequenced and verified as having an insertion of the Pot3 transposon. Rice single-gene lines infection showed that the strains with AvrPiz-t-A were avirulent to Piz-t line due to Piz-t recognition, whereas the strains with AvrPiz-t (B, C, D) were virulent to Piz-t line due to lost the ability recognized by Piz-t.【Conclusion】The avirulence genes AVR-Pib, AVR-Pik and AvrPiz-t of M. oryzae in Heilongjiang Province are widely distributed and the types of variation are abundant. The results of this study can provide a reference for breeding and popularizing rice cultivars with corresponding disease-resistance genes.