亚临界提取甜瓜籽油风味与脂肪酸关系分析

【目的】分析5个品种甜瓜籽油的挥发性风味成分与脂肪酸之间的关系。【方法】采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定不同品种甜瓜籽油的挥发性风味成分和脂肪酸,采用R语言分析PCA和变量投影重要性。【结果】5个品种甜瓜籽油中共鉴定出65种挥发性化合物,新蜜1号样品检测到的挥发性物质种类最多为37种,皇后品种的油脂中有30种,香瓜和86-1样品中有29种,绿宝石样品检测到最少,为26种,分析发现5个样品之间的挥发性物质有显著性差异。5个品种甜瓜籽油在挥发性物质成分共分成4大类,皇后与绿宝石较相近归为一类。5种甜瓜籽油中富含不饱和脂肪酸,平均为75.34%,其中亚油酸最高,平均含量达56.81%。【结论】二十四酸、十八碳烯酸、花生酸、棕榈酸、亚麻酸、蓖麻油酸与某些香气物质有较强相关性。     

适于开口加工澳洲坚果HAES695最佳采收期的确定

为探明广西壮族自治区区内主栽澳洲坚果品种之一HAES695(简称695)的不同采收期内果实品质和开口效果变化规律,选择最适于开口带壳果加工用695采收期,以695果实为原料,研究2017、2019年2年Ⅰ(8月20日)、Ⅱ(8月30日)、Ⅲ(9月9日)、Ⅳ(9月19日)4个采收期(正负误差1 d)对澳洲坚果果实品质和开口特性的影响。检测不同成熟度原料果仁中的脂肪、总糖、蛋白质、氨基酸等含量,采用氨基酸比值系数法对样品中氨基酸进行营养评价,计算得出氨基酸比值系数,对开口合格率、离壳率、果仁饱满度3个指标进行测定,对氨基酸组分与含量、脂肪含量、总糖含量、蛋白质含量、氨基酸比值系数、开口合格率、离壳率、果仁饱满度等果实品质及开口效果指标进行变异性分析、相关性分析、综合评价。结果表明,天冬氨酸、脯氨酸、蛋氨酸、总糖含量在不同年份变异系数较大,4个采收期内谷氨酸、甘氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、必需氨基酸含量、总氨基酸含量、氨基酸比值系数分12个指标无显著性差异(P>0.05),苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸、赖氨酸6个指标在采收期Ⅱ及其以后采收期呈显著下降(P<0.05),开口合格率、离壳率、果仁饱满度受采收期影响较大,开口合格率在采收期Ⅱ时效果最好,离壳率在采收期Ⅰ、Ⅱ时效果优于其他2个采收期,果仁饱满度在采收期Ⅲ效果最差,脂肪含量在采收期Ⅱ低于采收期Ⅳ。蛋白质与氨基酸比值系数分呈显著负相关,脂肪与开口合格率呈显著负相关,脂肪与氨基酸比值系数分呈显著正相关,开口合格率与离壳率呈显著正相关,离壳率与果仁饱满度呈极显著正相关;通过因子分析得出,2个因子的累积贡献率达97.44%,即可以反映各个指标足够的信息。果实品质综合评价可知,在采收期Ⅱ附近采收果实品质最佳,最适于开口带壳果加工。     

Volatile fatty acid profile for grass hay or alfalfa hay fed to alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

The purpose of this study was to determine the diurnal composition and concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and to determine VFA composition and concentration differences between stomach compartment 1 (C1) and caecum of alpacas fed grass and alfalfa hay. The study was divided into two experiments. In Experiment 1 (EXP 1), 10 male alpacas (3+ years old, 65 kg BW) were divided into two groups, housed in drylot pens, provided ad libitum water and fed alfalfa (AH) or grass hay (GH) for 30 days. The alpacas were slaughtered and the digestive tract collected, divided into sub‐tract sections, weighed and digesta sampled for pH, dry matter (DM) and NDF. Volatile fatty acid composition and concentration were determined on C1 and caecal material. Four adult male (3+ years old, 60 kg BW), C1 fistulated alpacas were housed in metabolism crates and divided into two forage groups for Experiment 2 (EXP 2). Alpacas were fed the forages as in EXP 1. Diurnal C1 VFA samples were drawn at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 h post‐feeding. There were no differences between forages for tract weight, C1 and caecum digesta DM or NDF. Differences were noted (p < 0.05) for pH between forages and sub‐tract site. Volatile fatty acids concentrations were different (p < 0.05) for forage and site, and total VFA was higher for AH than GH (110.6 and 79.1 mm ) and C1 than caecum (40.7 and 27.6 mm ). Proportion of VFA was significant (p < 0.05) for forage and site, C1 acetate highest for GH (84.8 vs. 74.0 mm ) and caecum acetate 83.7 and 76.2 mm for GH and AH respectively. These data demonstrate the level of VFA produced in C1 and the caecum of alpacas and the diurnal VFA patterns. Composition of VFA is similar to other ruminant species.     

兽用“复方草连”纳米注射液的制备及其退热作用初探

为了研发新型兽用纳米注射液,发挥中药独特优势,采用双提法提取中草药得到挥发油与水溶性药液,将挥发油以纳米胶束的形式增溶于水溶性药液中,再经精制、灌装、灭菌等步骤制备成“复方草连”纳米注射液。挥发油纳米胶束的外观为圆球形,粒径为100＋12nm,表面Zet。电位为～83．2±0．8mV;样品于40±2℃条件下放置,其第6个月与0个月的气相色谱图基本一致,表明纳米胶束对于挥发油具有良好的稳定作用。初步结果表明“复方草连”纳米注射液与安乃近注射液均能降低患猪的体温,二者之间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,但“复方草连”纳米注射液组患猪的外周血液T细胞亚群CD3＋、CD4＋含量（28．59±5．53％）高于安乃近组（18．43±4．18％）．二者之间有显著差异（P〈0．05）。     

不同提取方法对紫苏叶挥发性成分的影响

[目的]利用不同方法提取紫苏叶中挥发性成分,为紫苏叶的综合利用提供参考.[方法]分别采用动态逆流提取法、微波提取法和超声波提取法提取紫苏叶中的挥发性成分,并结合GC-MS分析和三角评价进行对比分析.[结果]动态逆流提取法共检测17种紫苏叶挥发性成分,集中在后阶段出峰,主要是沸点相对较高的难挥发性成分;微波提取法共检测19种紫苏叶挥发性成分,其出峰时间集中在中间阶段,主要是中等挥发性成分;超声波提取法共检测25种紫苏叶挥发性成分,其出峰时间比较靠前,主要是易挥发的小分子化学成分.3种紫苏叶提取物香气类型基本一致,但超声波提取物香气强度要明显优于其他两种方法.[结论]超声波提取技术更适合于紫苏叶易挥发性成分的提取.     

丹参地上部分正丁醇萃取部位化学成分检测及其抗脑缺血研究

筛选丹参地上部分抗脑缺血的活性部位,并检测其所含化学成分,对丹参的开发和利用具有重要意义。采用D101大孔吸附树脂吸附丹参地上部分正丁醇萃取部位,将其分离纯化为多个部位。以昆明小鼠常压缺氧模型和不完全性脑缺血模型筛选有效部位;将筛选出的活性部位再用聚酰胺柱分离为不同部位,选用上述模型进行活性部位筛选;并用高效液相检测筛选的活性部位所含化学成分。结果表明:D-101大孔树脂经体积分数为50%和75%乙醇洗脱部位能显著增加小鼠常压耐缺氧时间,延长小鼠全脑缺血后的存活时间(P0.01);聚酰胺柱分离后的水洗部位可显著增加小鼠常压耐缺氧时间和小鼠全脑缺血后的存活时间(P0.01);高效液相检测聚酰胺柱分离的水洗部位含有原儿茶醛、咖啡酸、丹参素。丹参地上部分正丁醇萃取部位聚酰胺柱分离的水洗部位为有效部位,检测出有效成分为原儿茶醛、咖啡酸、丹参素。     

次黄嘌呤生物传感器检测鱼类新鲜度之研究

检测鱼类新鲜度的常规方法是测定其总挥发性盐基氮（ＴＶＢ－Ｎ）或细菌菌落总数，手续繁琐且代价较高，本文提出的方法是一种新颖的快速检测法。实验表明，在鱼的腐败过程中，总挥发性盐基氮（ＴＶＢ－Ｎ，国标）、细菌落落总数和次黄嘌呤（Ｈｘ）的量之间皆存在着良好的相关性。因此，鱼腐烂而累积于组织的次黄嘌呤量可以指示鱼类的新鲜度，生物传感器快速检测法将取代现有的常规手段。     

海南高良姜挥发油GC-MS指纹图谱分析

建立了海南产高良姜挥发油的GC-MS指纹图谱,对其中20个特征化合物进行了精密度、稳定性和重复性分析。结果表明,高良姜挥发油中检测到了110个成分,其中20个特征成分的精密度、稳定性和重复性良好。该方法简单可靠,可应用于高良姜的品质评价。     

Effect of muscle type and vacuum chiller ageing period on the chemical compositions,meat quality,sensory attributes and volatile compounds of Korean native cattle beef

The present study demonstrates the effects of different muscle types and chiller ageing periods on the chemical composition, meat quality parameters, sensory characteristics and volatile compounds of Karean native cattle beed. Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Semitendinosus (ST) muscles aged for 7 days and 28 days were used. Moisture, cooking loss, total collagen and Warner‐Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values for the ST were higher than the LD muscle regardless of ageing period (P < 0.05). The LD muscle had higher intramuscular fat (IMF) (P < 0.05). Ageing for 28 days decreased WBSF values whereas it increased thiobarbituric acid of both muscles. Moreover, tenderness, juiciness and flavor scores were significantly higher for the LD muscle at both ageing periods. Increased ageing time improved tenderness of both muscles, and increased juiciness of the LD muscle, whereas there was decreased flavor score of ST muscle (P < 0.05). The majority of the volatile compounds formed from the oxidation of lipids showed differences between the two muscles. Ageing for 28 days increased in the amounts of many volatile compounds; however, the amounts of some important volatile compounds were decreased. These results clearly demonstrate that muscle type and ageing have a potential effect on meat quality, sensory characteristics and volatile profile.     

串叶松香草作为鱼用饲料成份的研究

本文报道了以添加串叶松香草（Silphium perfoliatum L.)草粉饲料喂食鲤鱼鱼种和夏花的试验结果。鲤鱼鱼种和夏花对添加叶松香草草粉的饲料不适口。鲤鱼对串叶松香草草粉加入5％就会引起拒食，添加的草粉量为饲料的5、10、15、20％时，试验四十天时，鲤鱼种增重率分别为－1．87％、－1．95％、－4．63％、－8．36％。夏花喂食了含10％的串叶松香草草粉的饲料中同时添加3％的鱼类诱食剂，则可以改善鱼类对串叶香草的适口性，促进鱼类摄食，从而促进鱼类生长。本文并就串叶松香草作为鱼用饲料的价值作了评价。