梁弯曲振动边界元法仿真研究初探

简要分析了有限元法和边界元法在梁类零件振动仿真分析中的优点和缺点．梁是常用的机械结构件,在工程机械中的应用非常广泛．应用边界元法对矩形梁弯曲振动进行了仿真分析,当梁的弹性常数不变而横截面的高宽比改变时．其固有振动频率会相应地改变,为通过改变结构参数来改善梁结构的动力学性能进行理论探索．     

Initial shapes of stress-strain curve of wood specimen subjected to repeated combined compression and vibration stresses and the piezoelectric behavior

This study investigated the relationship between the initial shape of the stress (σ)-strain (ε) curve of a Chamaecyparis obtusa wood specimen subjected to repeated combined compression and vibration stresses at various angles between the fiber direction and load direction and the piezoelectric behavior. The main findings of the study are: (1) the σ-ε curve became convex initially, and then the stress was proportional to the strain. The σ-ε curve had almost the same shape during both loading and unloading. (2) The σ-piezoelectric voltage (P) curve was nonlinear, with a maximal point or cusp on the curve, which had almost the same shape during both loading and unloading, as was also observed for the σ-ε curve. (3) The plot of the first derivative of the stress [dσ/dε (= σ′)] against ε was nonlinear. The σ′-ε and P-ε curves at various angles were fairly similar. (4) The stress at the maximal point (or cusp) of the σ-P curve decreased with an increase in the angle between the fiber direction and load direction. The tendency of the stresses was very similar to that of Young’s modulus and compression strength calculated from Hook’s law and Hankinson’s law, respectively.     

Application of modal analysis by transfer function to nondestructive testing of wood II: modulus of elasticity evaluation of sections of differing quality in a wooden beam by the curvature of the flexural vibration wave

 The shape of the flexural vibration wave of wooden beams at the first mode was detected using the transfer function. The dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE) of beam sections of differing quality was estimated from the ratio of the curvature of the wave shape in this section to that of a clear beam. The results were as follows: (1) If a section with a lower dynamic MOE was introduced into a clear wooden beam, the curvature of the wave shape in that section became higher. (2) The ratio of the MOE and the reciprocal of the curvature ratio were highly correlated. (3) The MOE of a defect could be estimated, and the position of the defect could be determined accurately by examining the curvature of the flexural vibration wave shapes. Received: March 22, 2002 / Accepted: May 15, 2002 Part of this report was presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, April 2000. This article is translated from the Japanese version, which was published in Mokuzai Gakkaishi 47(5), 2001 Correspondence to:Y. Ishimaru     

基于虚拟样机技术的双横臂独立前悬架振动仿真分析及参数优化

根据振动力学以及多刚体系统动力学原理，分析了悬架系统的振动模型，同时对双横臂独立前悬架做了合理的简化，建立了双横臂独立式前悬架力学及虚拟样机模型，并在虚拟样机软件ADAMS/VIEW模块上进行仿真，在此基础上对前悬架的各个参数进行优化设计，使得悬架振动达到一个最优值。     

民勤沙井子地区沙质荒漠化过程中植被群落物种多样性和排序研究

基于对民勤沙井子地区植被调查数据,研究了不同群落自然植被基本特征,结果表明:丰富度减小是物种多样性变化的主要原因,均匀度指数与多样性指数呈显著的正相关,丰富度指数和均匀度指数呈负相关,CCA和DCCA二维排序说明了植物群落与环境因子的关系,随着地下水位的下降,植被逐渐向强旱生方向演替。     

融合路面特征的大型喷雾机多工况悬架控制与试验

大型高地隙喷雾机的作业工况复杂,不同路况对悬架的性能要求不尽相同,传统悬架系统已无法满足喷雾机多工况作业的不同减振需求。为有效提高大型喷雾机各工况下的减振性能并有效降低能耗,提出了一种基于路况识别的多工况主动悬架控制系统。首先,分析喷雾机典型作业工况,建立路面特征与悬架模型的映射关系;然后,搭建喷雾机油气悬架的上下层控制系统,采用变步长萤火虫算法优化控制系统中各工况下的阻尼系数;最终将搭载该控制算法的喷雾机进行田间动态性能试验。试验结果表明,相比传统悬架,主动悬架在水泥及田间路面的行驶平顺性分别提升11.0%和22.8%,操控稳定性分别提升24.5%和3.4%。本研究所提出的控制系统可以有效解决不同工况下驾驶平顺性和操纵稳定性的矛盾关系,满足喷雾机各工况的特定减振需求。     

基于改进ResNeXt50残差网络的锦鲤选美方法

锦鲤选美的不同等级之间具有高相似度的特点,目前都是人工进行选美分级。为解决人工选美所存在的效率低、主观性强、成本高的问题,提出了一种基于迁移学习和改进ResNeXt50残差网络的锦鲤选美方法。本文首先构建了红白、大正、昭和3种锦鲤的选美等级数据集。其次,采用迁移学习策略提高训练速度,并从SE注意力模块、Hardswish激活函数和Ranger优化器3方面对ResNeXt50模型进行了改进,构建了SH-ResNeXt50锦鲤选美分级模型。试验结果表明：SH-ResNeXt50模型有效提升了锦鲤选美的等级分选能力,模型准确率达95.6%,损失值仅0.074,优于常用的AlexNet、GoogLeNet、ResNet50和ResNeXt50网络模型。最后,采用Grad-CAM分析SH-ResNeXt50模型的可解释性,结果表明SH-ResNeXt50模型和人工识别的感兴趣区域基本一致。本文所提出的方法实现了具有高相似度的锦鲤不同等级的智能分选,对其它具有高相似度的生物等级分选具有借鉴意义。     

人工辅助授粉的理论与技术研究Ⅱ．振动对开花的影响

振动使父本平均花时显著提前。大约在盛花前１ｈ，花丝开始伸长，对振动最敏感。振动后１５ｍｉｎ内开花量激增。振动破坏了开花频率的正态分布。不育系对振动的反应不如常规稻敏感。     

考虑流固耦合的泵闸组合闸门结构自振特性研究

研究设计了一种新型泵闸组合闸门结构。为避免新型闸门结构低阶自振频率落在水流脉动荷载高能区内而引发共振,建立水体-泵闸组合闸门结构耦合模型,采用ANSYS软件分析结构的动力特性变化规律,分析了闸门上、下游水位及门体结构上潜水泵布置方案等因素的影响。结果表明:随着水位的升高和闸门开度的减小,结构自振频率显著降低;闸门的第一阶振型由沿竖向的整体振动,逐渐转变为面板顺水流方向的弯曲振动;水泵安装个数越多,泵闸组合闸门结构自振频率越低,将水泵集中布置于门叶中部时有利于均衡结构各部位的振动特性,可为该新型泵闸组合闸门结构的设计提供依据。     

小型收割机切割器可靠性测试平台研究

切割器作为小型收割机大概率故障的作业部件,其传统可靠性测试方式受作业季节、田间地形及多变负载等因素的影响,致使其测试周期长且测试数据收集难度大,给后续切割器改良设计及小型收割机整机优化设计造成很大的困难。基于此,创新性地提出一种螺旋绞龙式供料系统,结合模拟田间地形差异(含收获机械自身振动)的振动台及为不同切割器驱动的动力输出装置,构建实验室条件下的小型收割机切割器可靠性测试实物仿真实验平台。选取小型收割机(型号:1WG6.3-110FC-Z)的切割器为被测对象,将其在平台上进行24 h连续测试,测试结果表明:测试样机其有效度达95.62%。尽管模拟可靠性测试时间较短,但仍在测试过程中,暴露了收割机的某些故障,这些故障均符合JB/T 6287规定的切割器故障描述,因此,该小型收割机切割器可靠性测试平台能够在一定程度上模拟切割器田间作业的相关条件,能够在某些情况下替代切割器的田间现场可靠性测试。