Ecological implications of motor oil pollution: Earthworm survival and soil health

The nontarget effects of fresh and used motor oil were studied in a soil test system involving such criteria as earthworm survival, response of soil dehydrogenase and urease, and nitrification. When earthworms were exposed to motor oil-contaminated soil for 4 weeks, the observed median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) were 40.33 and 3.88 g kg⁻¹ soil for fresh and used oil, respectively. Only fresh motor oil application increased earthworms' body weight even at the higher dose of 19 g kg⁻¹ soil. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed that used motor oil contained more of aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals than fresh oil. This disparity in the chemical composition might be the factor responsible for the significant toxicity of used motor oil towards earthworms. Activities of soil dehydrogenase and urease were significantly enhanced in presence of both the motor oils, while there was a significant inhibition in nitrification by the used motor oil even at a low concentration of 0.2 g kg⁻¹ soil. This study clearly demonstrated that earthworm survival and nitrification could serve as suitable indices to assess motor oil pollution in soil.     

步进电机扭矩测量试验台系统的设计

专用电机扭矩测量仪器精度高，但价格昂贵，操作复杂，长时间使用会出现误差。步进电机扭矩测量试验台系统采用单相交流电机作负载，使用标准扭矩仪对该系统进行标定来对待测调速电机进行扭矩测量。为此，介绍了一种电机扭矩测量系统的构成与工作原理。该系统以单片机为核心，组成扭矩测量与显示系统，可以较好地实现电机扭矩在线测量，具有较好的经济效益。     

基于刮削与振动原理的减粘降阻镇压装置研究

针对镇压作业时,土壤粘附严重、牵引阻力大等问题,借鉴地面机械触土部件减粘降阻法,设计了一种机械式减粘降阻镇压装置。进行镇压装置运动过程分析、镇压轮表面脱土机理分析和刮削板脱土机理分析,为确定镇压装置减粘降阻的能力提供了理论依据,并在此基础上对镇压装置的关键机构进行了设计。为研究机械式减粘降阻镇压装置的工作性能,以弹簧刚度、前进速度和刮削角为试验因素,以牵引阻力、土壤粘附量为试验指标,在室内土槽中进行L9(34)正交试验。试验结果表明:各因素对指标影响的主次顺序为弹簧刚度、刮削角、前进速度;最优水平组合为弹簧刚度40 N/mm、刮削角30°、前进速度7 km/h。以最优水平组合进行验证试验,得到牵引阻力39.6 N,土壤粘附量43.24 g。与传统镇压装置的对比试验表明,机械式减粘降阻镇压装置使牵引阻力降低17.8%,土壤粘附量降低34.8%。     

震荡观察法快速鉴别油茶籽油中掺杂菜籽油

依据油茶籽油与菜籽油亲水性不同的特点,通过震荡观察法观察纯油茶籽油、纯菜籽油以及混合标准油(油茶籽油中掺入5%菜籽油)与水混合震荡后所呈现的特征现象,以期鉴别油茶籽油中是否掺有菜籽油,并与电子鼻和醋酸酐-浓硫酸法的测定结果进行比较。试验结果表明:只需使用水、亚甲基蓝及试管等廉价材料即可在16 min内完成对油茶籽油是否掺伪的鉴别,其灵敏度可满足人们日常检测的需要;另外,此法对商品油掺杂鉴定的结果与电子鼻法和醋酸酐-浓硫酸法的检测结果基本一致,证明了此法的可行性和准确性。     

基于CS8190的车辆转速/里程表设计与实现

针对当前车辆仪表的发展趋势,以CS8190为核心元件设计并实现了一套稳定、精确的电子式车辆转速,里程表.主要介绍了转速表驱动电路和里程计数器电路的设计过程及其工作原理,并对其中的主要元件和参数的选择方法作出了详细的说明.并且通过试验、调试.达到了预期的技术指标和目的.     

基于动网格技术的双定子马达配流结构优化

为消除双定子叶片马达的配流冲击所产生的不利影响,对双定子马达的配流结构进行改进,即开设闭死压缩角与闭死膨胀角,有效实现预升压和预卸压。推导了双定子马达的闭死角数学模型,并对预升压与预卸压过程中闭死容腔内的压力变化特性进行了分析,基于动网格及其UDF（用户自定义函数）编程技术对双定子马达进行三维数值模拟计算。结果表明,与现有双定子马达相比,开设闭死角可以有效地减轻双定子马达的高压回流冲击以及压力突变的现象,使过渡区中油液压力的变化趋于平缓。     

基于LM算法的集群电机系统能耗评估校正模型

为了保证和提高电机系统能耗模型的计算精度与评估能力,该文提出了一种基于参数辨识理论的集群电机系统能耗校正方法。采用列文伯格-马夸尔特(levenberg-marquardt algorithm,LM)算法,对单台电机和集群电机系统的额定效率、额定可变损耗及不变损耗参数进行辨识,建立了电机能耗计算的校正模型。在此基础上,以典型三机集群电机系统为算例,搭建真实物理试验平台,对集群电机系统进行全域负载率能耗计算。结果表明,该文提出的能耗校正模型的计算误差远远小于能耗出厂模型(误差率不到1%),可以大幅降低集群电机系统的能耗计算误差,工程实用性较强,为电机用能系统的能耗评估和节能改造提供了一种有效的技术手段。     

Electro-acupuncture and Chinese herbs for treatment of cervical intervertebral disk disease in a dog

A non-ambulatory dog with tetraparesis following a pain episode that had evolved over 2 months was submitted for medical treatment and diagnosed with intervertebral disk disease at C3-C4 and dorsal extradural compression at C1-C2 and C3-C4 using myelography and computed tomography. The dog experienced ambulation recovery after 15 days of treatment with only electroacupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine, with marked improvement occurring after only 10 treatments. Six months of follow-up demonstrated that the dog was stable and had no recurrence of symptoms. Therefore, it was concluded that the combination of electroacupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine was responsible for motor rehabilitation.     

纯电动拖拉机驱动技术路线探析

目前国家大力推行的新能源技术在拖拉机行业推广较慢,农机的新能源发展还处于探索与研究阶段,农机“电动化”将是未来拖拉机技术发展的主要方向。本文将重点探讨纯电动拖拉机的驱动技术路线问题,重点分析了几种驱动路线的优缺点,为将来企业设计纯电动拖拉机提供参考,避免技术路线走弯路。     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON VIBRATION AND NOISE BY C6132 LATHE

This paper presents the principle of high-pass-absolute-value demodulation tcchnigue which is applied with spectrum analysis to investigate the vibration and noise produced by the C61 32 Lathe. The main noise sourse is found out and some reliable data are provided to decrease the noise and vibration and to improve the dynamic performence of the c6132 Lathe.