基于SEBAL模型和Landsat-8遥感数据的农田蒸散发估算

【目的】及时准确地获取农田蒸散发量,为科学管理农田灌溉、精准估算作物产量和预报土壤水分动态、合理开发水资源等提供有效依据。【方法】以广利灌区为研究对象,基于SEBAL模型利用Landsat-8数据对研究区域农田蒸散发进行估算,通过地表参数计算净辐射通量、土壤热通量和感热通量,利用余项法求得潜热通量及瞬时蒸散发。假定24 h内蒸散比不变,由瞬时蒸散发扩展到日蒸散发量,最终求得研究区的日平均蒸散发量,将模型计算结果与彭曼公式进行了对比,同时结合灌区提供数据对计算结果进行了验证。【结果】彭曼公式计算2014年5月6日和2015年9月14日蒸散量与实测结果相差分别为5.2%和9.4%,SEBAL模型估算得到2014年5月6日和2015年9月14日的日蒸散量与灌区提供日蒸散量相差4.5%、6.0%,且冬小麦及夏玉米蒸散发在空间上存在一定的差异性,主要集中在灌区中部区域及西南区域。【结论】SEBAL模型计算结果具有较高的精度,而且方法相对快捷高效。     

A 192bp allele at the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xgwm261</Emphasis> locus is not always associated with the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rht8</Emphasis> dwarfing gene in wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis> L.)

The height-reducing gene Rht8 was introduced into Italian wheats by breeder Nazareno Strampelli from the Japanese landrace Akakomugi, and has been widely used in wheats adapted to southern and eastern European conditions. Following identification of a close linkage to Rht8, microsatellite marker Gwm261 has been used extensively to screen large numbers of diverse international germplasm. A 192bp allele at this locus has been taken as “diagnostic” for Rht8 and used to infer the international distribution of Rht8. In this paper, we report several instances of cultivars and mapping populations that vary for the presence of the 192bp allele at the Xgwm261 locus (Xgwm261 ₁₉₂ ), but with no associated reduction in height, suggesting a lack of association with Rht8. For instance, in the population derived from a cross between Sunco (Rht-B1b, Xgwm261 ₁₆₅ ) and Tasman (Rht-D1b, Xgwm261 ₁₉₂ ), there were significant height differences associated with the segregation of Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b, but no height differences between Xgwm261 genotypes. Similar results were obtained in a population derived from the cross between Molineux (Rht-B1b, Xgwm261 ₁₉₂ ) and Trident (Rht-D1b Xgwm261 ₂₀₈ ). In contrast, the cross between Trident and Chuanmai 18 (Xgwm261 ₁₉₂ ) gave significant height effects at both the Rht-D1 and Xgwm261 loci, with no epistatic interaction between loci. Chuanmai 18 is closely related to the Strampelli wheat Mara (ancestrally derived from Akakomugi) and is therefore likely to carry Rht8. The old Japanese cultivar Norin 10, used by Norman Borlaug to introduce Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b into Mexican wheats, also has a 192bp allele at the Xgwm261 locus, and the sequence of the amplified product is identical to that of Akakomugi. We suggest that the widespread use of Norin 10-derived germplasm during and after the Green Revolution introduced a second haplotype into international germplasm, in which Xgwm261 ₁₉₂ has no association with Rht8. Therefore, the presence of Xgwm261 ₁₉₂ is only indicative of Rht8 in wheat cultivars that have inherited this allele from Akakomugi or a Strampelli wheat ancestor.     

人工合成小麦与普通小麦杂交后代衍生群体的Rht8基因分析

【目的】四倍体小麦与节节麦杂交培育的人工合成小麦已广泛应用于国内外小麦品种改良。通过研究人工合成小麦与普通小麦杂交后代的Rht8基因型,有助于提高分子标记育种效率,也有助于Rht8 基因型的多态性研究,并为人工合成小麦在中国小麦品种改良和分子标记育种中的应用提供依据和方法;【方法】以引自CIMMYT的人工合成小麦分别与中国四川成都平原主栽普通小麦品种杂交、回交的BC2F2:6后代群体中选育的113份优良高代系和川麦38、川麦42、川麦43和川麦47育成品种为材料,采用特异引物的PCR 扩增和改进的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对其Rht8基因型进行了研究;【结果】在以syn768、Syn769、Syn780和Syn786人工合成小麦为亲本的117份后代衍生群体检测材料中,Rht8基因型频率为77.78%。从每一个人工合成小麦形成的小的后代衍生群体看,Rht8基因型频率各不相同。以syn768为亲本的后代衍生群体,Rht8基因型频率最高,为96.70%;在以syn769为亲本而育成的优良高代系和川麦38、川麦42与川麦43育成品种中,Rht8基因型频率最低,为71.64%;以Syn780为亲本的后代衍生群体中,Rht8基因型频率为73.68%,分离比率约为3:1;以Syn786为亲本育成的材料只有川麦47,该品种不含有Rht8该基因;【结论】不论父本或母本的Rht8的基因型状况如何,它们所产生的杂交后代材料Rht8基因的遗传是随机的。     

优质厚皮甜瓜新品种好运8号的选育和栽培技术?

好运8号是广西农科院园艺研究所为适应南方湿热地区厚皮甜瓜栽培对品种的要求,利用逆环境定向选育,以自交系HN14-d作母本,TY8-a作父本杂交配制成的一代杂种。果实椭圆形,皮色橙黄有绿色斑块,网纹中等,一般单瓜重2.0kg,果肉橙红偏黄,皮肉厚约3.5cm,质地脆嫩蜜甜,有淡香,口感佳,中心可溶性固形物含量15~16%,全生育期春茬110d左右,秋茬90d左右,果实发育期45d左右,商品性好,一般产量36t/hm2,植株长势较强,易座果,较耐白粉病、霜霉病,抗蔓枯病能力中等,适于南方地区保护地种植。2007年3月通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定     

实践八号种子卫星诱变水稻Ⅱ-32B的形态变异

航天诱变具有诱变频率高、有益变异广等特点,广泛应用于作物遗传育种研究.利用我国第一颗育种专用卫星"实践八号",对Ⅱ-32B水稻干净种子进行航天诱变,经过4代的定向选育,SP4代各株系已稳定,表现出丰富的变异.分析结果表明:各株系相应性状与对照组差异显著,剑叶长变异系数最大,穗长的多样性指数(H')最高,与结实率呈负相关的性状最多.形态多样性变异谱广、变异幅度大的这些材料将为航天诱变水稻的育种与遗传研究打下了一定的基础.     

农杆菌介导法将热激转录因子8基因转入大豆

植物转化是开展基因工程育种和鉴定基因功能的重要途径。本研究的目的在于向大豆受体导入热激转录因子8（heat shock factor 8,hsf8)基因,以加强目的基因hsp70的表达和增加转基因大豆的抗逆性,同时探索提高大豆转化率的途径。本文以大豆子叶节为外植体,通过农杆菌介导法将hsf8基因转入栽培大豆品种科新3号中,获得了13株抗卡那霉素的转化植株。PCR检测表明,其中的9株呈阳性反应,证明hsf8基因已整合到大豆基因组中。本实验获得的实际转化率为2．39％。文中讨论了选择适宜的种子灭菌方法和大豆受体品种对提高转化率的有效作用。     

丰产、优质、抗病、制干辣椒品椒八号的选育

品椒八号是以四川引进的大金条变异株中选育出的高产优质的自交系04-8为母本,以山西省地方农家种油椒选出的自交系04-16为父本,经有性杂交育成的一代杂交种,2008年3月经山西省品种审定委员会认定通过。该品种具有丰产、优质、抗病毒病和疫病的优良特性,在山西省及周边省区可以大面积推广利用。     

Oxidized α1-antitrypsin induces IL-8 and MCP-1 production in HBE cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of oxidized α1-antitrypsin (Ox-AT) on interleukin 8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1(MCP-1) production in cultured human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. METHODS:Plasma native α1-antitrypsin (N-AT) was purified from human plasma by 50% and 75% ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by glutathione and anion exchange chromatography. Ox-AT was prepared by incubating N-AT (0.5 g/L) with N-chlorosuccinimide in a 25-fold molar excess to N-AT in PBS at room temperature for 30 min. HBE cells were cultured in the presence of Ox-AT (0.5 g/L) for 4 h, 10 h and 24 h, and the levels of IL-8 and MCP-1 in the supernatant were assayed using respective DuoSet kits. The effect of NF-κB inhibitor Bay11-7082 on the inflammatory cytokine release induced by Ox-AT was also evaluated. RESULTS:Ox-AT concentration-dependently and time-dependently increased the production of IL-8 and MCP-1 in HBE cells. The concentrations of IL-8 and MCP-1 in HBE cells induced by 0.5 g/L Ox-AT at 4 h, 10 h and 24 h were significantly higher than those in blank control and N-AT groups. Ox-AT increased the activity of NF-κB in a dose-dependent manner. The proinflammatory effect of by Ox-AT was inhibited by NF-κB inhibitor Bay11-7082. CONCLUSION: Ox-AT is a strong proinflammatory factor for HBE cells. The mechanism is related to NF-κB signaling pathway activation.     

猪CD8B表达谱、基因多态性及其与血液免疫性状的关联分析

白细胞分化抗原8(cluster of differentiation 8,CD8)是主要表达在CD8+T细胞表面的共受体和信号转导分子.CD8B基因编码CD8蛋白的β链,在免疫应答中起着潜在的调节作用.为分析CD8B基因在猪(Sus scrofa)不同组织中的表达特征,并探究CD8B基因多态性对血液免疫性状的遗传效应,本研究利用qRT-PCR测定CD8B基因在大白猪7个组织中的表达量,并用PCR产物测序与限制性片段长度多态性(restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP)方法对382头大白猪、84头长白猪和90头松辽黑猪CD8B基因编码区进行SNPs检测,以及分析CD8B基因突变对大白猪外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和血常规指标的影响.结果表明,CD8B基因在脾脏中的mRNA表达量最高,然后依次是肺脏、胃、肝脏、肾脏、心脏和肌肉.CD8B基因外显子5处检测到1个错义突变(c.602G＞A),在大白猪、长白猪和松辽黑猪群中均存在3种基因型(AA、AG和GG型),且3个猪种都是GG为优势基因型.统计分析显示,CD8B基因多态性与大白猪血液中的CD4+CD8-、CD4 CD8+、CD4 +/CD8+、血红蛋白含量(hemoglobin,HGB)和红细胞压积(hematocrit,HCT)指标显著相关(P＜0.05).最小二乘分析表明,3种CD8B基因型个体具有不同的血液参数,其中GG型的CD4+CD8-指标显著高于AG型,AG型的CD4-CD8+指标显著高于GG和AA型,GG和AA型的CD4+/CD8+、HGB和HCT指标显著高于AG型(P＜0.05).因此,CD8B基因可能参与血液生理指标的调控,可作为影响猪免疫性状的重要功能候选基因.本研究为进一步揭示CD8B基因的生物学功能提供依据,也为猪的标记辅助抗病育种提供了基础资料.