甘蓝型油菜化学诱导不育系的创制及赣油杂8号的选育

[目的]培育优质、高产油量、多抗的甘蓝型油菜品种.[方法]以中双11号为材料,应用化学诱导剂WP2,对诱导剂施药时期、用药浓度和处理次数进行筛选,获取最佳施药次数和浓度,诱导成功中双11A,并应用于新品种选育和杂交种生产.[结果]研究表明,化学诱导剂WP2 0.08 ～0.09 g/L浓度施药2次诱导的雄性不育系中双11A效果最好.以化学诱导的雄性不育系中双11A为母本,选育了杂交油菜新品种赣油杂8号.在2011 ～2013年度江西省区试中,该品种2年平均产量2 256.98 kg/hm2,比对照增产11.29％.2年平均产油量983.33 kg/hm2,比对照增产21.15％.含油量43.50％,硫甙含量为21.15 μmol/g,芥酸含量为0.[结论]研究选育的赣油杂8号不仅产量高,稳产性也好,含油量高,抗性强,在生产上应用推广将能促进油菜生产增产增收.     

丝苗型香稻广丰香8号万亩高产示范及配套栽培技术

广丰香8号是广州市农业科学研究院育成的优质高产丝苗型香稻品种,2009年1月通过广东省品种审定,2012 ～2014年连续3年被遴选为广州市农业主导品种.该品种米质优,达国标优质2级、省标优质2级,并且叶、茎、米均有清香味,饭软、滑,口感好,冷饭不回生,适合加工高档丝苗米和香米;丰产性较强,于2012 ～2014年连续3年纳入万亩连片示范区示范,2012、2013年经实割测产平均产量在7 500 kg/hm2以上.介绍该品种的特征特性和高产栽培技术.     

基于Landsat 8的东莞市热岛效应研究

以2014年广东省东莞市Landsat 8卫星的热红外波段数据建立模型,反演东莞市地表温度,研究东莞市热岛效应分布情况,从优势度指数、分维数指数和形状指数来分析热力场景观格局,根据热岛效应的不同影响因素分析东莞市热岛现象的成因。结果表明：Landsat 8卫星影像反演2014年东莞市地表温度是可行的;东莞市热力景观以中热岛为主,热岛效应不明显,分布呈西北偏高,中部地区和东南区域偏低;热力景观斑块较复杂、热力场呈条带状零星分布;受绿化、水体影响区域的热岛强度较小,而受人为热源、道路、城市下垫面和建筑等因素影响的区域,热岛强度较大。     

水动冷却塔直驱混流式水轮机转轮数值模拟优化

针对比转数仅有54的水动冷却塔直驱混流式水轮机,选取影响水轮机转轮效率的6个重要水力参数β1,β2,b0/D1,Φ/D1,Z,a/D1,每个因素取2个水平,设计L8（2^7）正交表,生成8个设计方案.通过CFD软件分别对8个方案的水轮机进行全流道数值模拟,采用理论分析和CFD技术分析转轮水力损失特性,对比其结果、优化转轮参数,再将优化后方案进行数值模拟和外特性试验,对比得到的结果,表明使用正交化方法结合CFD技术可在较少的试验方案下有效地改进水轮机叶轮水力性能,达到水轮机优化设计的目的.在设计流量点Q为5 000 t/h处,优化后的模型转轮输出功率为156.57 kW,水轮机效率达到86.51%;数值模拟效率比试验效率低0.11%,实测结果的基本趋势与数值模拟结果相一致.     

Are circle hooks effective management measures in the pelagic longline fishery for sharks in the Gulf of Gabès?

1. This study evaluated the circle hook use as a tool for shark management in the pelagic longline fishery in the Gulf of Gabès.
2. The usual J‐hook No. 2 with 10° offset, which has been traditionally used by the fishery, was compared to the 18/0 non‐offset circle hook in an alternating fashion along the main line. In total, 22 experimental longline sets were deployed through the shark fishing seasons of 2016 and 2017 to examine the effects of hook types on the catch composition, the catch rates, the hooking location, and the status at haulback.
3. The catch composition differed significantly among hook types. Moreover, an overall increase in catch rates for the main species, the sandbar shark Carcharhinus plumbeus, and the shortfin mako shark Isurus oxyrinchus, was observed when using circle hooks.
4. There was no size‐selective effect of circle hooks for the common species. The circle hooks were not effective at reducing at‐haulback mortality of sandbar shark. Conversely, shortfin mako and smooth‐hound shark Mustelus mustelus showed significantly lower relative mortality at haulback with circle hooks than with J‐hooks. Furthermore, circle hooks were more frequently hooked externally than the J‐hooks for the three shark species.
5. Results demonstrated that the use of 18/0 non‐offset circle hooks in the pelagic shark longline fishery can reduce mortality at haulback for some species without any benefit for the dominant species, the sandbar shark.
6. Overall, it is difficult to promote the adoption of the use of circle hooks as a management measure in this specialized fishery. Management measures focusing on fishing effort controls, fishing closures in critical habitats, and size limits could have significant benefits for the conservation of shark species and may help to improve the sustainability of the shark fishery in the Gulf of Gabès.

     

加快信息化建设 服务怀来农业

从搭建服务平台、延伸服务通道、服务怀来农业三个方面,阐述了怀来县＂8＋1＂农业农村信息化服务模式,为解决农业农村信息传递＂最初一公里＂和＂最后一公里＂问题进行探索,促进了全县农业增产和农民增收。     

基于STM8的交流电压检测系统设计

本文针对交流电压测量,设计了一种基于STM8的交流电压检测系统。该系统利用运算放大器等对交流信号进行处理后输入STM8中内置的ADC,实现模数转换,通过软件调试记录测量数据并绘制曲线,结果表明,该系统设计简单,技术指标满足需求,具有较好的使用价值。     

Control of rabies: epidemiology of rabies in Asia and development of new-generation vaccines for rabies

Rabies is an enzootic viral disease widespread throughout the world. Although it is a vaccine-preventable disease, the annual number of human deaths caused by rabies is estimated to be 32,000 in Asia. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequence data of the partial N gene of rabies viruses in Asia has shown that the viruses are divided into five genogroups, distributed in Middle East, South Asia, South East Asia, Malay, and Arctic regions. The genetic relationships among these rabies viruses agree basically with the results of previous studies. Meanwhile, new types of vaccines are being developed by applying gene manipulation techniques to rabies virus in order to overcome the disadvantages of current vaccines. This article reviews the molecular epidemiology of rabies in Asia and progress made in the development of new-generation rabies vaccines with the goal of elimination or control of rabies in Asia.     

Dengue hemorrhagic fever with special emphasis on immunopathogenesis

Dengue virus infections are a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in most tropical and subtropical areas of the world; Southeast and South Asia, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. Dengue virus infection can be asymptomatic or causes two forms of illness, dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), which is the severe form of dengue illness and often fatal. Pathogenesis of DHF has been analyzed, and two mechanisms are considered to be responsible. These include dengue serotype cross-reactive immune responses and virulence of the virus. The immunopathological mechanisms include a complex series of immune responses. Rapid increase in the levels of cytokines, especially TNF-, and chemical mediators play a key role in inducing unique clinical manifestations of DHF such as plasma leakage, shock, and hemorrhagic manifestations. It is understood that the process is initiated by infection with a virulent dengue virus, often in the presence of antibodies that enhance dengue virus infection in secondary infection, and then triggered by rapidly elevated cytokines and chemical mediators that were produced by intense immune activation. However, complete understanding of the entire pathological mechanism is far from complete, and further studies are still needed.     

New alleles of chicken CD8 alpha and CD3d found in Chinese native and western breeds

Chinese native chicken breeds provide useful resources for the study of genetic diversity. In this study, the alleles of CD8 alpha and CD3d cDNA from Chinese native and introduced western breeds of chicken were analyzed at the sequence level. Six alleles were found, due to 13 amino acid replacements in the extracellular domain of the CD8 alpha sequence. There were four alleles detected in the Chinese strains, and alleles 5 and 6 were identified for the first time. Allele 6 was shared by Langshan, Beijing Fatty and Recessive White Feather chickens. Allele 2, found in the Bigbone strain, was the same as that found in the Leghorn strain H.B15.H7, and allele 3 in the Xianju breed was also the same as in the Leghorn strain H.B15.H12. Two Leghorn lines (RPL line 7 and AY519197) and the Camellia possessed an allele (alleles 1, 4 and 5), respectively, that was not found in the other lines. Nine out of 13 amino acid replacements were situated in the putative major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I binding CDR1 (positions 30, 33 and 34), CDR2 (positions 58, 62, 63 and 65) and CDR3 (positions 90 and 106). Except for the Xianju breed, the CD8 alpha cDNA of Chinese native chicken breeds shared high homology. Two alleles were found in CD3d. Three additional nucleotides were found at positions 64, 65 and 66 in the newly discovered allele 2. This led to a difference of four amino acids (at residues 22, 23, 24 and 25) in the extracellular domain of CD3d cDNA from the Gushi, Recessive White Feather and ISA chickens compared with these of the White Leghorn and T11.15 (NM_205512). Five hybridoma clones (1C9, 1H5, 4B11, 6G5 and 13C5) against chicken CD8 alpha were generated by DNA immunization. Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 6G5 and 4B11, showed reactivity to the splenocytes from five Chinese native chicken breeds, the Recessive White Feather chicken and the Leghorn (AY519197), while mAbs 1C9, 1H5 and 13C5 showed no reaction with these breeds.