植物生长调节剂2，4-D 对两种绿藻生长的影响

测定了植物生长调节剂2，4-D(2，4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)在不同浓度作用下对两种绿藻 --蛋白核小球藻和斜生栅藻增殖和叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明，0． 25 mg/L 和0． 50 mg/L 的2，4-D 分别是 促进小球藻和栅藻生长的最佳浓度；在0． 50 mg/L 的2，4-D 作用下小球藻和栅藻的叶绿素含量最高。高浓度 的2，4-D(＞4． 0 mg/L)对两种藻类的生长有毒性作用。     

Effects of dietary lipids on body composition and liver function in juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of dietary lipids on body composition and liver function in juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. Diets were formulated to contain 40% crude protein from solvent-extracted menhaden fish meal and 0, 7, 14 or 21% lipid from menhaden fish oil. The basal diet, without supplemental fish oil, contained lipid at 0.4% of dry weight. The diets were fed to groups of 25 juvenile red drum initially averaging 7.3 ± 0.18 g fish^–1 in a recirculating culture system for 8 weeks and weight gain was recorded. After an additional 8 weeks, 16 fish from each treatment were sacrificed and the following measurements were recorded: hepatosomatic index (HSI), intraperitoneal fat (IPF) ratio, and liver -tocopherol, malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, and cytochrome P-4501A activity (measured as 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity). The activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and concentrations of -tocopherol also were measured in plasma.Weight gain was significantly (p<0.05) affected by dietary lipid concentration, with values ranging from 361% of initial weight for fish fed the basal diet to 527% of initial weight for fish fed the diet containing 7% lipid. The HSI and IPF ratio values also were significantly affected by lipid with the lowest values recorded for fish fed the basal diet and the highest values observed in fish fed the diet containing 21% lipid. Increasing dietary lipid significantly increased oxidative stress as reflected in reduced -tocopherol in liver and plasma and increased MDA formation in the liver, although no overt pathological signs were observed. These findings suggest that lipid concentrations between 7 and 14%, when the diet contains 60 IU vitamin E kg^–1, are likely to limit oxidative stress and result in normal physiological responses of red drum.     

马铃薯抗坏血酸含量及其代谢相关酶活性关系的研究

 为探讨马铃薯不同器官中抗坏血酸(AsA) 含量及其代谢相关酶活性关系, 研究了马铃薯幼叶、功能叶、老叶、茎和块茎中AsA和其氧化态脱氢抗坏血酸(DHA) 的含量与L - 半乳糖- 1, 4 - 内酯脱氢酶( GalLDH) 、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR) 、谷胱甘肽还原酶( GR ) 、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX) 、抗坏血酸氧化酶(AO) 和单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR) 等6种酶活性之间的相关性。结果表明, 马铃薯AsA在幼叶和块茎中含量很高。叶片和茎的抗坏血酸库(AsA与DHA之和) 水平与GalLDH活性显著相关, 而AsA含量与DHAR活性显著相关, DHA含量与APX活性显著相关。说明在马铃薯幼叶中高含量的AsA可能由于GalLDH和DHAR的高活性; 而块茎中AsA的积累, 主要来自于叶片的运输和DHAR催化的DHA再生。     

嗜水气单胞菌UDP-乙酰葡萄糖胺-4-差向异构酶基因的克隆表达及酶的性质

通过水生动物源性嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila,Ah）强毒株J-1株与弱毒株MR-1株抑制差减杂交得到gneJ差减片段,该片段与创伤弧菌（Vibrio vulnificus）和人源嗜水气单胞菌的UDP-乙酰葡萄糖胺-4差向异构酶基因有较高的同源性。扩增完整的gneJ基因,进行分布检测并将其克隆至质粒pET32a（＋）,在大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）BL21中进行异源表达,SDS-PAGE结果显示,重组表达蛋白的分子量约59．7kD,与理论推测值基本相同。酶活性分析表明,该重组蛋白可将UDP-乙酰葡萄糖胺转化为UDP-乙酰半乳糖胺,确证gneJ基因编码蛋白为UDP-乙酰葡萄糖胺-4-差向异构酶。Western Blot分析显示,嗜水气单胞菌J-1株胞外产物的兔抗血清可识别该重组蛋白,表明该蛋白与天然蛋白有相同的抗原性。以重组蛋白为免疫原,对小鼠进行动物保护实验,结果显示,该重组蛋白对小鼠有60％的保护率,证明UDP-乙酰葡萄糖胺-4差向异构酶可作为亚单位疫苗的侯选成分。     

Determination of apparent digestibility coefficient in fish by stable carbon isotopes

Estimation of the apparent digestibility coefficient ADC(%) of C₃ and C₄ plants in experimental diets for fingerlings of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum, Cuvier, 1818) was calculated by applying chromic oxide (Cr₂O₃) external marker methodology and by a proposed mathematical expression based on the isotopic composition (δ¹³C). A total of 240 tambaqui fingerlings each weighing ±48.2 g and measuring ±9.8 cm were maintained in eight 500‐L aquariums specially designed for faeces collection. The ADC(%) of the C₃ and C₄ diets did not differ significantly between the two methods, producing results of 75.6%; 76.2% and 74.4%; 72.8%, respectively. The ADC(%) results obtained by isotopic method presented less variation than by chromic oxide. The proposed mathematical expression for calculating the ADC(%) based on δ¹³C values offers an alternative methodology, which can reduce errors and diminish the effort required to collect biological material. However, it is important to note that this method is limited to analysis of diets or food items with distinct isotopic signals.     

苎麻新品种“华苎4号”选育研究

“华苎 4号”是从稀节巴品种自然杂交后代中选育出来的新品种。该品种产量高 ,在品系比较试验中平均亩产 2 2 6 .5kg ,比对照细叶绿品种增产 5 9.1 3% ,在湖北省区试中较对照增产 33.81 % :纤维品质优良 ,在品系比较试验中年均纤维细度 2 0 82支 ,在区试中经湖北省纤检所测试 ,年均纤维细度 2 2 39支 ;该品种植株高大整齐 ,出麻率特别高 (鲜皮出麻率和鲜茎出麻率分别在 1 4%和 5 %以上 ) ;“华苎 4号”的抗逆性强 ,高抗炭疽病 ,不感染花叶病 ,抗旱抗风性强 ,但耐渍性略差。     

LPS-TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling mediates alcohol-induced liver fibrosis in rats

Liver fibrosis results from liver inflammation and progresses to liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. It is known that nonalcoholic liver disease is mediated by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2)–tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate whether alcoholic liver disease is also mediated by this pathway. To this end, we first established rat models of liver fibrosis by administering alcohol. Next, the rats were injected with anti-TLR4 and anti-MD-2 antibodies. Real Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the activation of the TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Moreover, the expression of molecules related to liver fibrosis was estimated. The morphology of rat liver tissue was observed through hematoxylin–eosin staining and Masson staining. For in vitro studies, Kupffer cells (KCs) isolated from the liver were transfected with si-TLR4 and si-MD-2 and co-cultured with HSCs to determine the activity of HSCs. It was found that alcohol treatment activated the TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway and upregulated the molecules associated with liver fibrosis. However, inhibition of TLR4 and MD-2 partially reversed this trend. Notably, in vitro studies indicated that knockdown of TLR4 and MD-2 in KCs partially inhibited LPS-induced activation of KCs and HSCs. Overall, this study showed that alcohol induces liver fibrosis via the LPS-TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway.     

惠东绿棋楠沉香构造及化学特征分析

由于绿棋楠沉香是公认的顶级沉香,近年来市场出现大规模的人工栽培绿棋楠沉香,但目前缺乏科学的鉴定依据及精准的质量分级指标,阻碍了绿棋楠沉香功能性产品的开发及拓展。以22批次的惠东绿棋楠沉香为研究对象,结合外观及构造特征、乙醇提取物含量和化学成分分析,研究惠东绿棋楠的特点。结果显示,结香时间为10~18个月的惠东绿棋楠油脂含量丰富,其乙醇提取物在21.45%~53.12%之间,平均值为41.10%,这为绿棋楠的质量分级提供了依据;惠东绿棋楠乙醇提取物中的主要成分为2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类化合物,占其总含量的47.72%~99.29%,是惠东绿棋楠中重要的化学成分,可作为惠东绿棋楠的鉴定依据。     

大豆连作土壤障碍因素研究──Ⅰ、连作对土壤腐殖质组分性质的影响

由于大豆连作造成根系分泌有机酸类物质的残留和积累，使土壤根际ｐＨ值下降，引起根系范围土壤中生化它感现象产生，导致反映土壤有机肥力核心指标的土壤腐殖质总量、胡敏酸（ＨＡ）、ＨＡ／ＦＡ（富里酸）比值随连作延长而呈现下降趋势。其中活性胡敏酸含量、胡敏酸在波长为４６５ｎｍ和６６５ｎｍ的消光度比值（Ｅ４／Ｅ６）在连作第二年变化明显，此时是大豆连作实施有机培肥的最佳时期。     

中国大豆抗孢囊线虫4号生理小种育种鉴定标准商榷

选择一组抗孢囊线虫4号生理小种育种亲本材料进行抗性鉴定,结果表明:品种间抗性存在极显著差异,且呈现连续性变化,根部孢囊附着量平均表现为0～145个.按照传统孢囊线虫鉴定分类标准,黑种皮的高抗抗源对SCN4号生理小种抗性十分稳定,灰布支黑豆和PI437654的孢囊附着量分别为2.67和0个;绝大部分黄种皮亲本材料抗性均表现为高度感病,只有1267和1259表现为中感.对于4号强毒生理小种的特殊性,实际中将无法选育到抗性品种以解决生产需要问题.利用品种间抗性存在的差异和连续性变化,并比较其它方法,建议抗孢囊线虫4号生理小种育种鉴定标准划分为5级,分别为免疫、高抗、抗、感和高感,其IP指数(%)以Lee为对照时分别为0、0.1～15、15.1～50、50.1～100和＞100.黄种皮大豆品种晋豆19号对4号生理小种反应稳定,可作育种参考对照.