水稻株型性状的配合力分析

将１０个恢复系,５个不育系按不完全双列杂交组配,考察其Ｆ１代株型性状的配合力。结果表明,剑叶长,宽,角度,株高４个性状的遗传主要受加性效应的影响,分蘖角度受加性效应和非加性效应的影响,但主要受非加性效应的影响。不同材料的一般配合力,特殊配合力效应及其变异程度存在着差异。     

Two Types of Grapevine Yellow Speckle Viroid 1 Isolated from Commercial Grapevine Had the Nucleotide Sequence of Yellow Speckle Symptom-inducing Type

Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 (GYSVd 1) was first detected in Japan from commercial grapevines. The viroid seems to be spreading in Japanese commercial vineyards but without causing noticeable disease symptoms. Two Japanese GYSVd 1 isolates from the cultivars Campbell and Steuben were sequenced. The Campbell isolate is included in the type 2 variant of GYSVd 1, and the Steuben isolate is included in the type 3. Both of the isolates were grouped into the yellow speckle-inducing variants in the nucleotide sequence ; however, the etiological importance of this viroid on the viticulture of Japan has not yet been determined. Received 14 June 1999/ Accepted in revised form 25 August 1999     

甘肃省河东地区主秋期降水量时空分布特征

利用甘肃省河东地区55个站30a的主秋期降水量资料进行经验正交展开(EOF)和旋转经验正交展开(REOF),分析其空间分布特征和异常类型;以平凉站为例分析了主秋期降水的时间变化规律和周期性;将河东地区主秋期降水量分为8个气候片。分析表明,河东地区主秋期雨量变化规律较为一致,空间分布不均,具有南多北少和东西多中间少的特点;多雨中心和少雨中心的多年平均值相差近200mm;主秋期降水年际变化较大,容易出现不同程度的旱或涝,并有9a左右的周期;20世纪40、60年代为相对多雨期,50、90年代为相对少雨期,70、80年代与平均值持平。     

嘧啶联吡唑甲酰胺类化合物的合成及除草活性

设计合成了一系列结构新颖的嘧啶联吡唑甲酰胺类化合物5a~5o,其结构均经过1H NM R和MS分析确证。初步生物活性测试结果表明:在有效成分150 g/hm2剂量下苗后茎叶喷雾处理时,化合物(R)-N-[1-(4-氯苯基)乙基]-3-二氟甲基-1-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺(5c)、N-[1-(4-氯苯基)乙基]-1-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)-N-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺(5i)和N-[1-(4-氯苯基)乙基]-1-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺(5k)对繁缕Stellaria media的抑制率高达90%以上;而同样剂量下苗前土壤喷雾处理时,化合物N-[1-(4-氯苯基)乙基]-3-二氟甲基-1-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺(5b)和5c对繁缕的抑制率达100%。该类结构化合物有望作为除草先导化合物进行开发。     

寄主植物中抑制十字花科黑腐病菌Ⅲ型分泌系统小分子化合物的鉴定

 寻找抑制植物病原菌III型分泌系统的植物源活性小分子化合物,是研发生物安全农药的重要途径之一。本研究采用水煮提取法从十字花科黑腐病菌寄主植物满身红萝卜中提取分离活性小分子化合物,利用高效液相-质谱联用解析出活性物质的单体结构。然后用荧光素酶基因luxAB构建融合报告系统以及定量PCR检测活性物质对十字花科黑腐病菌III型分泌系统的抑制效果,最后采用剪叶接种和压渗接种的方法研究活性小分子物质对十字花科黑腐病菌的生防作用。研究表明,植物鞘氨醇和二氢鞘氨醇对十字花科黑腐病菌III型分泌系统基因的转录表达有一定程度的抑制作用,但是对I、II、IV型分泌系统基因的表达没有明显的抑制作用。植物鞘氨醇在XCM1上影响菌的生长,而二氢鞘氨醇不影响菌的生长。同时,还发现这两种物质能显著降低Xcc在寄主植株满身红萝卜上的病害症状以及能够使Xcc在非寄主植物辣椒上引起过敏反应的能力丧失。该研究结果为深入研究小分子化合物对十字花科黑腐病菌III型分泌系统的作用机制及后续开发植物源抑制剂提供了一定的理论依据。     

N-｛5-[1-(2,4-二氯苯氧)乙基]-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基｝ -N''-芳酰基硫脲的合成及其生物活性

通过2-氨基-5- -1,3,4-噻二唑与芳酰基异硫氰酸酯反应,合成了12 个新的芳酰基硫脲,采用核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱和元素分析确证了它们的结构。初步的生物活性测定试验表明,部分化合物具有良好的植物生长调节活性,其中化合物 2c、2j 具有较好的生长素活性,其促进率分别为26.6%与26.9%,但不及对照β-吲哚乙酸。     

Effect of Phosphorus in Alleviation of Adverse Impacts of Salinity on Wheat Grown on Different Soils

Fertilization management is an important technique to alleviate the adverse effects of salinity stress on plants. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative role of inorganic phosphorus (P) and organic P sources on wheat grown under salt stress in three soil types deficient in available P. Wheat (Triticum asetivum L. cv. Shakha 93) was grown on alluvial, sandy, and calcareous soils under salinity levels of 4, 8, and 12 dS m^?1 of saturated paste extract (EC_e) and supplied with constant rate of 30 mg P₂O₅ kg soil^?1 as superphosphate (SP), cattle manure (CM), and 1:1 mixture of SP and CM. The results revealed that plants grown on the sandy soil were more susceptible to the adverse effects of salinity compared with those planted on the alluvial one, especially at zero P. Plants grown on the calcareous soil were moderately affected. Varying soil type caused significant differences in the aboveground biomass and uptake of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), P, and zinc (Zn). It was obvious that P ameliorated wheat growth under salt stress, and this role was greater under moderate and high salinity. The increases in N, P, K, and Zn uptake appeared driven by P application were more conspicuous in the sandy and calcareous soils. Results also indicated that combined application of inorganic and organic P sources surpassed both when applied solely under all soil types and salinity levels.     

Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test against Neospora caninum in heifers with undetectable specific antibodies

Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) has been used in human and veterinary medicine as a skin testing for evaluating in vivo cell-mediated immune responses (CMIR). Whereas CMIR is a key process to control intracellular pathogens, its value at identifying cattle exposed to the abortigenic intracellular coccidian parasite Neospora caninum is unknown. In this work, we have evaluated a DTH skin testing in cattle exposed to N. caninum and still seronegative. Female calves were experimentally sensitized by subcutaneous (SC) inoculation with live tachyzoites of N. caninum (NC-Argentina LP1) in sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (group A; n: 8) whereas other calveswere mock-sensitized with PBS (group B; n: 6). Two DTH skin tests were performed by intradermal inoculation with a soluble lysate of N. caninum tachyzoites (NC-Argentina LP1) in the neck region at 60d and 960 d after sensitization. Skinfold thickness at the intradermal inoculation site was measured at 0, 24, 48 h post each DTH skin test and skin biopsies taken for microscopic evaluation. Specific N. caninum antibodies kinetics was evaluated all throughthe experiment. We found that whereas N. caninum specific antibodies remained below the ELISA cut-off, a distinctive skinfold thickness increase was detected in sensitized animals (group A) at the DTH skin test site, showing induration, swelling and inflammatory infiltration. Mock sensitized animals (group B) showed no skinfold thickness growth and lacked specific antibody response. Thus, N. caninum DTH skin testing could be a useful diagnostic tool for the detection of CMIR during N. caninum infection in non-humoral responders.     

水稻直立穗型基因多效性的研究

以直立穗型品种辽粳5号和弯曲穗型品种丰锦杂交后代来自同一F4单株的F5世代不同穗型植株为试材，对其茎叶性状和穗部性状进行测定，分析直立穗性状与其他性状的关系。结果表明：(1)直立穗型植株较矮，叶片短而宽，叶鞘长且上部节间短，而弯曲穗型则相反；(2)不同穗型植株2次枝梗、2次枝梗籽粒、2次枝梗空秕率在穗轴上的分布趋势很相近，但是直立穗型2次枝梗空秕率极显高于弯曲穗型，而1次枝梗空秕率在不同穗型间差异不明显，选育1次枝梗籽粒比率高，2次枝梗籽粒主要分布在上部的直立穗型品种，有利于改善结实性；(3)直立穗性状有可能是不完全显性。     

Soil properties and their spatial pattern in an oasis on the lower reaches of the Tarim River, northwest China

In this study, classical, geostatistical methods and a geographical information system have been used to identify soil properties including soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (total N), salt content (SC) and soil moisture (SM), and their spatial variation as well as their relationships with groundwater, land use, and soil texture. The data came from 36 soil samples from 0 to 20 cm depth, and 36 groundwater samples in the Tikanlik Oasis on the lower reaches of the Tarim River, northwest China. The objective was to provide a scientific basis for understanding the heterogeneity of the spatial distribution of soil properties on a large scale with the goal of accelerating the sustainable development of agriculture in the oasis. The results showed that the SC and SM of the surface soil varied greatly, but the SOC and total N varied very little. A possible reason for the low variability of SOC and total N was the relatively consistent human activities within the typical agricultural oasis with more than 75% land used as cropland and orchards, because there was no significant effect of land use types on soil total N and SOC. Geostatistical analysis and the kriging estimator showed that SC and SM had a strong spatial autocorrelation. One-way ANOVA and LSD suggested that land use was the main structural indicator that resulted in the spatial autocorrelation of SC and SM within the 0-20 cm soil depth through its significant differences in soil texture, irrigation and groundwater. In particular, croplands and orchards had significantly higher SM, silt and clay particle percentages and lower SC compared to other land uses due to regular irrigation. Additionally, irrigation could effectively relieve the degree of the hazard from soil salt and soil water stress in cropland.