利用链烷烃测定放牧羊驼采食量及种类的研究

放牧动物的采食量及摄入牧草的种类,对于评定放牧动物的营养状况有着十分重要的意义。本文采用测定牧草和粪便中链烷烃含量的方法,以羊驼为试验动物,在意大利中部佩鲁贾附近的农场,测定了羊驼的采食量、牧草摄入种类。结果表明:利用链烷烃技术测定放牧动物的采食量和牧草的种类,具有较好的应用价值。     

蹄耕法改良山地退化草地技术应用研究

采用人工撒播、羊喂播,牛、羊背播等方法结合家畜放牧蹄耕技术,在新疆坡度较大无法进行机械作业的山地退化草地进行补播改良,试验结果表明:放牧蹄耕法技术改良最适宜的草地类型为山地草甸草原。最佳补播时期为早春播种,最适合牧草品种为红豆草;最好的补播方法为人工撒播,最适宜坡度为20°为好。通过蹄耕法改良后,草地植被覆盖度在原有的基础上最高提高了35%,优质牧草比重增加了25%,鲜草产量提高了3~4倍。     

Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) integrins αvβ3 and αvβ6 as FMDV receptors: Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and comparison with other species

Integrins are heterodimeric adhesion receptors that participate in a variety of cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix protein interactions. Many integrins recognize RGD sequences displayed on extracellular matrix proteins and the exposed loops of viral capsid proteins. Four members of the αv integrin family of cellular receptors, αvβ3, αvβ6, αvβ1 and αvβ8, have been identified as receptors for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in vitro, and integrins are believed to be the receptors used to target epithelial cells in the infected animals. To analyse the roles of the αv integrins from a susceptible species as viral receptors, we have cloned Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 integrin cDNAs and compared them to those of other species. The coding sequences for Bactrian camel integrin αv, β3 and β6 were found to be 3165, 2289 and 2367 nucleotides in length, encoding 1054, 762 and 788 amino acids, respectively. The Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 subunits share many structural features with homologues of other species, including the ligand binding domain and cysteine-rich region. Phylogenetic trees and similarity analyses showed the close relationships of integrin genes from Bactrian camels, pigs and cattle, which are each susceptible to FMDV infection, that were distinct from the orders Rodentia, Primates, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Galliformes and Xenopus. We postulate that host tropism of FMDV may in part be related to the divergence in integrin subunits among different species.     

湟源山坡地梯田退耕还林还草效果研究初报

通过对湟源山坡地梯田退耕还林工程连续9年的定点观测调查,结果表明:在顶坡梯田,所栽植的榆树Ulmus pumila有94%死亡,沙棘Hippophae rhamnoides有19.4%死亡;在中坡梯田,榆树、沙棘的死亡率分别为93%、18.2%;在底坡梯田,榆树、沙棘的死亡率分别为92.7%、18.6%;而柠条Caragana korshinskii在3个坡位梯田中都100%的成活,但长势不旺,而以赖草Leymus secalinus为主的草本植物,通过9年的自然侵入生长,其生物量(干物质)达到850 g/m2以上。同时,对各坡位草本产量增长规律进行了分析论述,建立了3个坡位草本产量与生长年限回归方程,中坡：y=78.033+102.473 3x;底坡:y=67.333+102.253 3x;顶坡:y=54.244 4+101.92x;如实评估了坡地梯田退耕还草后的经济效益。     

2008-2015年橡胶蜂蜜产量与气候的相关性分析

为了进一步发掘橡胶林区潜在经济价值,预测下一年橡胶泌蜜规律,试验采用连续8年记录转地到西双版纳傣族自治州采集橡胶蜜的蜂场收获蜂蜜情况,并以气象观测仪记录当时的气象变化的方法。表明进入橡胶场地的蜂群势变化不大[(13.450±0.113)脾,P=0.854],但产量变化显著[(72.613±0.349) kg,P <0.01]。气象观测表明气温8年内波动范围不大,而降雨量波动大,表现为2011年洪涝出现早,2014年干旱持续时间长。产量与日平均气温(相关系数r=0.337)有极显著的正相关性,与日降雨量(相关系数r=-0.269)及日最低气温(相关系数r=-0.483)呈极显著的负相关,与群势表现出轻微的负相关(相关系数r=-0.031)。说明持续的干旱和温暖湿热的气温及合理的群势能够增加橡胶蜜的产量,适宜的气候及大面积橡胶林区蕴含着巨大的养蜂潜力。     

PP1γ2对树鼩精子成熟和运动性的调控作用研究

为了阐明树鼩精子中是否存在丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白磷酸酶1γ2(PP1γ2)及其在附睾精子中的存在形式,进而探究PP1γ2对精子成熟和运动性的调控作用,本试验以树鼩为研究对象,采用Western blotting分析了不同条件下树鼩附睾头和附睾尾精子中PP1γ2的存在形式和磷酸化程度,探讨了双丁酰环腺苷酸(db-cAMP)、3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤(IBMX)或Ca²⁺对树鼩精子中PP1γ2磷酸化表达水平的影响,并进一步研究了磷酸酶抑制剂冈田酸(okadaic acid,OA)和花萼海绵诱癌素A(calyculin A,CA)对树鼩精子中PP1γ2磷酸化程度的影响及其对树鼩附睾头和附睾尾精子运动度的影响。结果显示,在树鼩附睾头和附睾尾精子中均存在PP1γ2,且在等量的附睾头和附睾尾精子蛋白中,PP1γ2在附睾尾精子的磷酸化程度远高于附睾头精子;db-cAMP、IBMX或Ca²⁺不改变PP1γ2的磷酸化水平;磷酸酶抑制剂OA和CA能明显提高附睾头和附睾尾中PP1γ2磷酸化的程度,且能显著提高精子(尤其是附睾头精子)的运动度(P<0.05),OA和CA的最佳作用浓度分别为1μmol/L和10 nmol/L,最佳作用时间分别为15、20 min。本研究结果表明,蛋白磷酸酶PP1γ2对树鼩精子成熟及运动性具有重要的调控作用,其主要通过磷酸化和去磷酸化的变化发挥作用。     

东洞庭湖冬、夏两季湿地鸟类多样性比较分析

2007年8月—2009年1月对东洞庭湖湿地鸟类资源进行调查,从物种丰富度指数、多样性指数、均匀性指数、G-F指数等方面对比分析了冬夏两季鸟类的群落多样性。将物种数、多样性指数、均匀性指数作为基数,运用欧氏和最短距离法进行了聚类分析,结果表明:夏季树林灌丛和居民区生境鸟类群落结构十分相似,而水域和沼泽生境鸟类群落结构相似,冬季树林灌丛和芦苇、草滩沼泽生境鸟类群落结构十分相似,而水域和居民区生境鸟类群落结构相似。     

植保无人飞机不同施药模式对Y形梨树雾滴沉积分布研究

为了研究油动单旋翼植保无人飞机采用“行间飞”和“Y间飞”2种飞行施药模式对Y形梨园进行喷雾作业后雾滴在Y形梨树冠层中的沉积分布规律,以30 g/L的诱惑红85水溶液为喷雾剂,铜版纸为雾滴收集卡,设计了4种不同作业速度梯度对Y形梨树喷雾效果试验,研究对比了不同飞行速度条件下2种飞行施药模式的雾滴沉积分布情况。试验结果表明：采用“行间飞”飞行施药模式喷雾时,雾滴在Y形梨树主枝外部的沉积密度高于在内部的沉积密度雾滴,且飞行速度为2 m/s和3 m/s时的沉积密度比飞行速度为4 m/s和5 m/s的沉积密度显著偏高。“Y间飞”飞行施药模式下雾滴在Y形梨树冠层不同位置的雾滴沉积分布更均匀。在风速小于1.3 m/s的微风条件下,当使用油动单旋翼植保无人飞机以距离Y形梨树冠层顶部2 m的高度喷雾作业时,应当采用“Y间飞”飞行施药模式,同时飞行速度以2?3 m/s为宜,此时雾滴的沉积密度在冠层内部和外部均大于15个/cm2。研究结果可以为使用植保无人飞机防控梨园病虫害提供喷雾技术依据。     

Rights,Resources and Rural Development: Community-Based Natural Resource Management in Southern Africa — Christo Fabricius,Eddie Koch,Hector Magome and Stephen Turner (eds) 2004

Goats select some browse species more than others, given options. Seasonal trends of diet selection of Nguni goats indexed by intake were investigated in cafeteria-style experiments. The relationships between diet selection and plant chemical/physical traits of Vachellia nilotica, Vachellia robusta, Dichrostachys cinerea, Euclea crispa, Rhus lancea and Ziziphus mucronata, representing abundant species were studied in the dry and rainy seasons. Seasonal changes in browses affected diet selection. Selection of long shoot species, which were concomitantly broad-leafed, was higher than species with short shoots. Selection was higher for spineless than spinescent species. Diet selection correlated positively with increased leaf mass. In the rainy season, cellulose positively correlated with intake, number of bites and browsing time, whereas in the dry season, cellulose correlated with bite size. Diet selection tended to be driven more by shoot morphology and leaf mass than by either spinescence or plant chemistry. Plant chemical influence on diet selection was diverse in both seasons and showed no definite trend, whereas spinescence had no significant effect on short-term intake. The results represent important input to goat production and range forage species management.     

不同树形对设施促早葡萄生长、品质及效益的影响

本试验以2年生鄞红葡萄为试材,研究不同树形对鄞红葡萄树体生长发育、果实品质、用工及种植效益的影响。结果表明：T形和H形可以显著提高枝蔓径髓比和木质化程度,径髓比分别对照较提高22.4%、14.2%,木质化程度提高10个百分点以上。萌芽率T形最高,达88.2%,其次为H形,较对照分别提高了14.0和6.7个百分点,差异显著。H形和T形果穗整齐度分别达到90.8%和82.1%,均显著高于对照;果实着色度和可溶性固性物含量,H形和T形较对照均有显著提高,着色度提高6.87-9.43个百分点,可溶性固性物含量提高15%以上,果实品质明显提高。T形和H形可以不同程度地减轻病害发生、减少裂果,效果以T形最佳,炭疽病、白粉病发病率和裂果率均为0。与对照相比,两种树形的冬剪、绑蔓等用工显著降低,枝蔓管理用工量减少了23.57%,T形和H形的亩效益分别提高20.0%和7.8%。综合来看,T形和H形的枝条更充实,萌芽率更高,果实品质更好,省工节本,效益提高,效果以T形最佳。