太阳能辅助热泵干燥粮食的数值模拟研究

粮食的干燥过程实质上是多孔介质热湿耦合传递的过程.基于多孔介质热质传递理论,通过数值模拟的方法,针对利用太阳能辅助热泵干燥粮食时热风随时间变化的情况,采用综合温度和空气绝对湿度作为瞬态边界条件来对干燥过程中粮食内部温度和水分的变化进行模拟研究.模拟结果显示小麦水分在干燥150 h后达到安全水分13.6％(干基),而实验结果显示小麦水分在干燥135 h后达到安全水分13.6％(干基),二者对比相差不大,并且模拟温度与试验温度吻合较好.     

绵羊肺炎支原体标准株Y98外膜蛋白MOP30基因真核表达载体的构建及其在烟草中的瞬时表达

以绵羊肺炎支原体（Mycoplasma oumvipneoniae,MO）标准株Y98基因组为模板,设计1对特异引物,PCR扩增得到798bp的P30目的基因（MOP30）,将其定向克隆到pMD19-T Simple载体中进行测序分析。重组质粒进行XbaⅠ/BamHⅠ双酶切并回收目的片段,将目的基因亚克隆入黄色荧光蛋白（yellow fluorescent protein,YFP）表达载体pCAMBIA1300-YFP中构建重组融合表达质粒pCAMBIA1300-MOP30-YFP。双酶切验证后的融合表达质粒转化农杆菌（Agrobacterium）感受态细胞,侵染烟草（tobacco）叶片。通过激光共聚焦成像显微镜（cofocal imagingmicroscope）观察到融合表达的黄色荧光蛋白,Western-blotting试验得到57 000的特异条带,RT-PCR检测到MOP30基因在烟草叶片中转录。MOP30-YFP融合蛋白在烟草中的成功表达,为转基因植物疫苗防治绵羊支原体肺炎奠定了基础。     

中国林蛙抗菌肽Temporin-1 CEa基因的真核表达载体构建

为了建立大量获取中国林蛙抗菌肽的方法,根据GenBank中的中国林蛙皮肤抗菌肽Temporin-1CEa基因的mRNA序列(EU624139)设计一对特异性引物,以提取的中国林蛙皮肤总RNA反转录出的cDNA为模板,将扩增的编码序列与pEASY-T3克隆载体连接获得Tem-T3;利用酶切、连接等分子生物学手段,将GFP基因连入Tem-T3克隆载体,再经酶切获得Tem-GFP片段,并插入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1,最终得到Tem-GFP-pcD-NA3.1重组质粒;利用脂质体转染法将该质粒转入绵羊成纤维细胞,48 h后可在荧光倒置显微镜下观察到GFP的绿色荧光表达;qPCR数据分析显示,与对照组相比,转染Tem-GFP-pcDNA3.1的绵羊成纤维细胞中融合蛋白Tem-GFP的表达量可提高约300倍。本研究为构建Temporin-1CEa基因山羊乳腺特异表达载体提供依据。     

高粱靶斑病菌侵染对高粱光系统Ⅱ的影响

以高粱品种Tx622B为试验材料,通过测定叶片叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光快速诱导动力学曲线、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量和丙二醛(MDA)含量,来研究高粱靶斑病菌[Bipolaris sorghicola(Lefebvre&Sherwin)Alcorn]侵染高粱叶片后对光系统II(PSII)结构和功能的影响。结果表明,受病原菌侵染的高粱叶片,H2O2和MDA含量均升高,膜脂过氧化的程度加剧;快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线发生明显变化,进一步的JIP测试分析表明病原菌侵染严重伤害了PSII供体侧,阻断了受体侧QA到QB的电子传递,降低了反应中心的活性。     

基于分形理论的内部过电压识别技术

电力系统中的内部过电压类型多种多样,其产生原因错综复杂.目前,对过电压智能化分析的整体水平还不高,数据的分析只能依靠人工的方法,由生产技术人员凭经验并依据过电压波形的时间、幅值、频率等参数进行分析.但仅仅依靠这几个参数,有时不能对内部过电压进行完全正确的定性.对常见的几种内部过电压进行ATP-EMTP（电磁暂态计算软件）仿真,并提出基于分形理论的过电压信号识别,计算出过电压波形的分形维数.仿真结果表明,随着过电压发生条件的不同及参数的变化,同种过电压的分形维数在一定的范围之内;不同种类的过电压的分形维数在不同的范围.     

Transient stray voltage: Is it detrimental to growth performance,health status and welfare of market pigs?

The effects of transient stray voltage associated with an alternating current were evaluated in growing-finishing pigs from 9 to 22 weeks of age. Seventy-two pigs were assigned to 9 blocks of 8 animals each. In each block, the following treatments were randomly distributed: a constant voltage differential created between the feeder or drinker and the metallic floor (woven wire), at a level of 0 volt plus 2-volt pulses (0 V–2 V), 2 volts plus 3-volt pulses (2 V–5 V), 5 volts plus 3-volt pulses (5 V–8 V), and a control treatment without any voltage differential (0 V–0 V). The constant voltage was applied 24 h per day. The pulses of 3 s duration were in the form of an increase in the amplitude of the constant 60-Hz signal. One pulse appeared every 20, 40 and 100 s during the hour following feed distribution and every 60, 120 and 300 s during the rest of the day. The animals were fedad libitum and received fresh feed twice per day. Once during the 2-week periods at 9–10, 13–14, 17–18 and 21–22 weeks of age, the behaviour of the pigs was recorded during the hour following the two daily feed distributions. Animal weights and blood samples were taken every 2 weeks, from 9 to 21 weeks of age. No significant effect of transient stray voltage on any of the variables measured for the feeding, drinking, sitting or lying activities was found (p>0.05). At 9–10 weeks of age, the number of rooting bouts was higher for the 5 V–8 V treatment (p=0.03) and the number of events of butting the penmate was higher for the 2 V–5 V treatment (p=0.05). Although the water and feed intake did not differ between treatments (p0.39), the average daily gain of the control group was lower than that of treated groups (p=0.04) at 9 and 10 weeks of age, while the pigs submitted to a 2 V–5 V treatment had a higher daily gain than the pigs in the other treatment groups (p=0.05) at 17 and 18 weeks of age. Finally, the frequency of gastric ulceration and the metabolic profile were not affected by the treatments (p>0.05) except for the CO₂ and total protein concentrations (p0.04), where treatment effects were inconsistent among ages. Consequently, under the experimental conditions of the present study, no major impact of transient stray voltage on the health, growth or welfare of fattening pigs was observed.     

流体瞬变对输流曲管位移影响研究

简要地介绍了当前曲管动力特性的分析方法,采用有限元法实现了管壁与流体的耦合,给出了管道流固耦合的有限元方程,针对90度的曲管,设定了管端入口处的冲击流速,研究了流体速度瞬变过程中曲管的位移特性,在流速变化及流速稳定阶段,分别对两端固支及悬臂曲管模型的管壁节点在不同时刻的坐标轴不同方向的位移进行了比较,判断出曲管节点位移随时间和速度的变化趋势以及位移极值出现的位置,这可为进一步的管道及管路系统的振动噪声研究及设计提供参考。     

螺旋轴流式油气混输泵导叶内非定常流动DMD分析

为研究螺旋轴流式油气混输泵内的非稳态特性,对泵内非稳态气液两相流动进行数值模拟分析,得到不同流量、不同叶高的流场分布。对流量100 m3/h、含气量30%工况下的非定常速度场进行动态模态分解(DMD),得到能够反映速度场特征的前4阶主要模态场及其相应的频率信息。导叶内流场特征可分解为耗散模态、基本模态以及高阶动态模态特征,耗散模态随时间逐渐衰减,对流场的发展影响较小;基本模态是频率为零的稳态特征,能够反映叶片型线等流道几何特征引起的稳态流场特征; 3阶及4阶动态模态反映了叶轮与导叶间的动静干扰,在不断向导叶下游发展的过程中逐步耗散,动静干扰作用对导叶下游流动影响较小。对相态场进行分解得到其主要模态场特征及其频率信息,其基本模态特征表明,在导叶叶高较大的截面上,流速越高,则含气量越低;相态场的高阶动态模态特征与速度场动态模态特征基本一致。DMD模态分析方法能够清楚地分析油气混输泵导叶内复杂流动的非定常特性。     

Molecular characteristics and temperature tolerance function of the transient receptor potential in the native Bemisia tabaci AsiaII3 cryptic species

Insects are poikilothermic animals, and temperature is one of the most important abiotic factors affecting their spread and distribution. For example, differences in thermal tolerance may underlie the significant differences in geographical distributions between the native AsiaII3 and invasive MED (Mediterranean) cryptic Bemisia tabaci species in China. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are key components of the insect temperature perception system and act as molecular thermometers since they can be activated by specific changes in temperature. In this study, we cloned and characterized the AsiaII3 BtTRP gene and revealed its functions in the response to thermal stress. The full-length cDNA of BtTRP was 3821 bp, with a 3501-bp open reading frame encoding a 132.05-kDa protein. Comparing the deduced amino acid sequences of AsiaII3 BtTRP and MED TRP revealed five amino acid differences. In situ hybridization indicated that BtTRP might be widely expressed throughout the AsiaII3 adult body. BtTRP mRNA expression reached the highest levels after exposure to mild thermal stimuli (12 and 35°C), showing that BtTRP expression can be induced by temperature stress. Furthermore, the thermal tolerance of AsiaII3 after BtTRP dsRNA feeding was significantly lower than that of the control. Taken together, the present study highlights the importance of TRP channels for B. tabaci thermal resistance, and allows us to infer that the differences in amino acids between AsiaII3 and MED might cause the differences in thermal tolerance of these two cryptic species. This study provides a new direction for investigating geographic distribution differences between invasive and native insects.     

29个马铃薯品种(品系)抗晚疫病基因组成与抗病相关性分析

由致病疫霉引起的马铃薯晚疫病是马铃薯生产中最具危害性的病害,明确现有马铃薯品种(品系)中抗病基因组成情况对于指导抗病品种合理布局及抗病育种具有重要意义。本研究利用农杆菌介导的无毒基因瞬时表达技术分析了致病疫霉8个无毒基因在29个马铃薯品种(品系)中的分布情况。结果表明,品种间抗病基因组成各异,平均每个品种含有4个抗病基因。同时,不同抗病基因在品种中的分布频率也不同,抗病基因R1(76%)、Rpi-blb1(66%)和Rpi-blb2(66%)在品种中分布较普遍;而含抗病基因R3b(45%)、R4(38%)和Rpi-vnt1(34%)的品种较少。此外,品种中所含抗性基因的数量和品种室内抗性程度呈显著正相关(r=0.915 6,P=0.029 1)。