降水在厚层黄土非饱和带中流态转化过程的物理模拟

针对厚层非饱和带中水分运移难以观测、水分入渗方式存在争议的问题,文中将非饱和带中的渗流概化为水流过竖向串联,底部有小孔的—系列容器的水力过程.从实验和理论上证明了间歇性补给边界条件下,厚层非饱和带都有明显的流态转化,即由浅层为瞬态流转化为深层稳定流.浅层瞬态流带土层含水率受降雨和蒸发蒸腾的影响明显,含水率随时间变化;深...     

基于ANSYS的起重机瞬态响应分析

通过建立龙门起重机的有限元模型,对龙门起重机起升瞬间的瞬态响应的动态特性进行了分析。瞬态响应分析考虑了分别以4种起升时间来起吊额定载荷时的工作状况,获得了起重机在这四种工况下工作时的动态特性。分析结果显示,起吊集装箱时,如果起吊过程较快,对大梁的加载时间较短,大梁的振动幅度会大幅增大,冲击载荷也大幅增加。因此对于龙门起重机,设计时应根据实际选用的起升机构选定动载系数,并提供了4个动载系数以供参考。     

浮潜式消防泵启动过程瞬态特性的数值模拟

为了研究浮潜式消防泵在启动过程中的瞬态特性,建立包含泵、水箱及循环管路在内的三维封闭模型,运用Fluent 145商用软件,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型,并结合UDF程序加载转速变化规律对模型进行非稳态数值模拟．分析泵在启动过程中其流量、扬程、叶轮加速转矩、总效率、叶轮轴向力及径向力随启动时间的变化规律．研究结果表明:泵在启动过程中其流量、扬程及总效率的变化主要取决于动力源的启动特性,并呈指数上升趋势,叶轮的加速转矩随启动时间的增加而逐渐减小;当泵转速达到额定转速时其加速转矩为0,在泵启动初期因流量严重偏离额定流量而导致其产生较大的轴向力及径向力,随着启动时间的增加,泵的轴向力及径向力逐渐减小,最后趋于稳定．研究为离心泵的优化设计、振动及噪声诊断提供理论参考．     

Gastrointestinal motility modulation by stress is associated with reduced smooth muscle contraction through specific transient receptor potential channel

Excessive stress response causes disability in social life. There are many diseases caused by stress, such as gastrointestinal motility disorders, depression, eating disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels underlie non-selective cation currents and are downstream effectors of G protein-coupled receptors. Ca²⁺ influx is important for smooth muscle contraction, which is responsible for gastrointestinal motility. Little is known about the possible involvement of TRP channels in the gastrointestinal motility disorders due to stress. The purpose of this study was to measure the changes in gastrointestinal motility caused by stress and to elucidate the mechanism of these changes. The stress model used the water immersion restraint stress. Gastrointestinal motility, especially the ileum, was recorded responses to electric field stimulation (EFS) by isometric transducer. EFS-induced contraction was significantly reduced in the ileum of stressed mouse. Even under the conditions treated with atropine, EFS-induced contraction was significantly reduced in the ileum of stressed mouse. In addition, carbachol-induced, neurokinin A-induced, and substance P-induced contractions were all significantly reduced in the ileum of stressed mouse. Furthermore, the expression of TRPC3 was decreased in the ileum of stressed mouse. These results suggest that the gastrointestinal motility disorders due to stress is associated with specific non-selective cation channel.     

杨树微管功能研究植物表达载体构建及验证

[目的]分别构建84K杨的微管蛋白TUA5和TUB16与红色荧光蛋白mCherry融合的植物过表达载体,瞬时表达验证载体在植物体内表达后的荧光信号,为研究杨树微管功能奠定基础。[方法]以毛果杨微管蛋白TUA5和TUB16的基因序列为模板,设计84K杨的皿5和7TZB76基因的引物,提取野生型84K杨的RNA并反转录成cDNA,同源克隆得到84KTUA5和84KTUB16基因,分别连接在pCAMBIA 1300载体mCh-ep荧光标签的N,端和C端,转化到大肠杆菌TOP10感受态细胞中,通过菌落PCR和测序鉴定获得阳性单克隆,并通过电击法将重组质粒转化到农杆菌GV3101中,瞬时转化烟草后进行荧光观察。[结果]克隆得到了84KTUA5和84KTUB16基因,成功与pCAMBIA 1300-mCherry载体连接,烟草瞬时表达荧光观察结果显示:仅目的基因与mCherry标签C,端相连的融合蛋白能够成功表达,且荧光明显。[结论]成功构建了84K杨皿5和TUB16基因与pCAMBIA 1300-mCherry的融合表达载体,为进一步研究杨树微管功能提供了背景材料。     

本氏烟草中异源合成抗癌药物葫芦素前体

葫芦素具有显著的抗癌活性,解析其生物合成途径对异源生产葫芦素具有重要意义。葫芦素首先由葫芦二烯醇（Cuol）在氧化鲨烯环化酶（OSCs）家族的葫芦二烯醇合酶（CBS）催化下生成2,3-氧化鲨烯,后者在细胞色素P450(CYP)等酶催化下氧化修饰产生葫芦素系列化合物。本研究在建立高效的根癌农杆菌（Agrobacterium tumefaciens）介导的瞬时表达体系的基础上,将雪胆（Hemsleya chinensis Cogn.）CBS基因（HcOSC6）与截短的燕麦（Avena strigosa）3-羟基-3-甲基-戊二酰辅酶A还原酶基因（tHMGR）共表达,通过不断优化烟草共表达体系,将本氏烟草（Nicotiana benthamiana）叶片中的Cuol产量从2.832 mg/g（干重）提高到9.48 mg/g（干重）。同时,将雪胆的HcCYP87D20共渗入烟草叶片,获得葫芦素生物合成的重要中间体11-羰基-20β-羟基-葫芦二烯醇。本研究结果将为葫芦素的高效异源合成提供理论依据。     

Inhibition of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 through α2 adrenergic receptors at peripheral nerve terminals relieves pain

The activation of α₂ adrenergic receptors contributes to analgesia not only in the central nervous system but also in the peripheral nervous system. We reported that noradrenaline inhibits the activity of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) evoked by capsaicin through α₂ receptors in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. However, it is unclear whether activation of TRPV1 expressed in peripheral nerve terminals is inhibited by α₂ receptors and whether this phenomenon contributes to analgesia. Therefore, we examined effects of clonidine, an α₂ receptor agonist, on several types of nociceptive behaviors, which may be caused by TRPV1 activity, and subtypes of α₂ receptors expressed with TRPV1 in primary sensory neurons in rats. Capsaicin injected into hind paws evoked nociceptive behaviors and clonidine preinjected into the same site inhibited capsaicin-evoked responses. This inhibition was not observed when clonidine was injected into the contralateral hind paws. Preinjection of clonidine into the plantar surface of ipsilateral, but not contralateral, hind paws reduced the sensitivity to heat stimuli. Clonidine partially reduced formalin-evoked responses when it was preinjected into ipsilateral hind paws. The expression level of α_2C receptor mRNA quantified by real-time PCR was highest followed by those of α_2A and α_2B receptors in DRGs. α_2A and α_2C receptor-like immunoreactivities were detected with TRPV1-like immunoreactivities in the same neurons. These results suggest that TRPV1 and α₂ receptors are coexpressed in peripheral nerve terminals and that the functional association between these two molecules causes analgesia.     

离心泵瞬时启动过程的仿真

为了更进一步研究高比转数大功率离心泵的瞬时工况,应用Flowmaster软件搭建离心泵运行模型,根据实际测量参数设置边界条件,仿真并与试验结果进行对比,在可信的情况下,针对泵不同的启动方式进行仿真分析,量化了星-三角启动的优点.在此基础上,在不同阀门开度下,获得了离心泵的瞬时启动转速、流量、功率和出口压力的特性曲线,进而进行量纲一化分析.结果表明,星-三角启动属于缓慢启动方式,启动过程平缓,且整个过程中功率增长均匀,对设备冲击小;在离心泵的启动过程中,流量上升特性主要取决于电动机自身的启动特性,且在初期时上升缓慢,使流量达到稳定的时间大大滞后于转速达到稳定的时间;量纲一化的系数一直变化,与准稳态假设不符,从而得出离心泵启动时清晰的瞬态过程.     

水泵水轮机运行中的若干典型过渡过程

为了深入研究水泵水轮机不良过渡过程对机组产生的不利影响及其相应的改善措施,综述了水泵水轮机特性曲线的特有性质和重要的典型过渡过程的研究进展.详细说明了水泵水轮机过渡过程中的迟滞现象,发现水泵水轮机的运行工况点不仅与系统的当前输入有关,而且与系统过去的历史有关,因此在特定区域内水泵水轮机在同一转速时对应的流量并不相同,从而导致水泵水轮机机组的水头下降、效率降低、机组振动和产生噪声.综述了迟滞现象产生的条件,转速的影响以及改变转轮叶片进口角和叶片后掠角等改善措施;转轴应力测量的试验研究进展以及转轮叶片和导叶间的动静干涉对动态应力测量信号分析的影响,给出了相关现象的主要特征和影响因素;针对水轮机启动时的空载不稳定现象和导叶关闭时的不稳定现象可采取的改善措施,并比较了各种方法的优越性和弊端.     

调控黄瓜苦味基因Bi的AP2/ERF家族转录因子

从华北型黄瓜‘9930’中克隆了黄瓜苦味形成的关键基因Bi的启动子序列,通过酵母单杂交技术对黄瓜叶片cDNA文库进行筛选,寻找可以调控Bi表达的转录因子。通过对筛选结果的测序及比对,发现有7种转录因子重复出现,包括2个AP2/ERF家族、3个bZIP家族、1个WRKY家族转录因子和1个E3泛素类COP1蛋白。其中AP2/ERF家族转录因子CsERF（登录号：Csa7M448110）重复出现6次,出现概率高于其他转录因子。利用烟草瞬时表达系统,CsERF对Bi启动子的结合及激活作用得到了进一步验证。初步证明CsERF可以结合到Bi的启动子并激活其转录,推测其很可能就是黄瓜叶片中调控苦味形成的关键转录因子。