饲喂方式对德州驴生长性能、营养物质消化率和盲肠微生物多样性的影响

本试验旨在研究饲喂方式对德州驴生长性能、营养物质消化率和盲肠微生物多样性的影响。选择体重[(215±10)kg]相近、2周岁左右的健康德州公驴15头,随机分为C1组(饲喂方式为先粗后精)、C2组(饲喂方式为先精后粗)、C3组[饲喂方式为全混合日粮(TMR)],每组5头,预试期7 d,正试期75 d。结果显示:1)C2组平均日增重极显著高于C1和C3组(P≤0.01),C1组干物质和酸性洗涤纤维消化率以C1组最高,C3组次之,C2组最低,C1组与C2组间存在显著差异(P≤0.05)。2)饲喂方式对德州驴盲肠微生物组成有一定影响。在门水平上,各组盲肠微生物均以厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)为主(二者占比>75%),其次为螺旋体菌门(Spirochaetes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和纤维杆菌门(Fibrobacteres),且C2组厚壁菌门相对丰度高于C1组和C3组;在属水平上,将401个属中相对丰度低于1%的属聚为其他(占比>75%)后,各组均以其他为优势菌属;随后,C1组以螺旋体科未定义属(unidenti⁃fied⁃Spirochaetaceae)和厌氧孤菌属(Anaerovirbrio)为主,C2组以厌氧孤菌属、链球菌属(Strepto⁃coccus)和螺旋体科未定义属为主,C3组则以乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)和螺旋体科未定义属为主。3)通过UPGMAA聚类树、主成分分析和物种差异性分析发现,3组德州驴盲肠微生物组成不同,且C2组与其他2组差别较大,C1组和C3组可聚为一类。综上可知,饲喂方式可极显著影响德州驴的平均日增重,显著影响干物质和酸性洗涤纤维消化率,并可改变盲肠微生物组成。     

高校图书馆精益管理研究

将“精益管理思维”应用于高校图书馆管理，试图从新视角为解决诸如图书馆利用率不高、图书经费不足及树立图书馆形象等实际问题，从而顺应社会及时代的发展趋势。     

智慧养殖管理模式在养猪生产中的应用

随着现代科技的发展,物联网、区块链、人工智能、云计算、5G通信技术已经融入到人们的生活中,智能化设备将逐步解放劳动力资源,代替人类开展各项智慧化的复杂工作.在社会经济大发展和国家乡村振兴战略大背景下,为了更好地适应智慧畜牧业的发展趋势,文章以养猪生产为例,主要从现代化技术应用方面综述了国内外智慧畜牧的发展过程,描述了智...     

EVALUATION OF DIAPHRAGMATIC MOTION IN NORMAL AND DIAPHRAGMATIC PARALYZED DOGS USING M‐MODE ULTRASONOGRAPHY

Diagnosis of unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis in dogs is currently based on fluoroscopic detection of unequal movement between the crura. Bilateral paralysis may be more difficult to confirm with fluoroscopy because diaphragmatic movement is sometimes produced by compensatory abdominal muscle contractions. The purpose of this study was to develop a new method to evaluate diaphragmatic movement using M‐mode ultrasonography and to describe findings for normal and diaphragmatic paralyzed dogs. Fifty‐five clinically normal dogs and two dogs with diaphragmatic paralysis were recruited. Thoracic radiographs were acquired for all dogs and fluoroscopy studies were also acquired for clinically affected dogs. Two observers independently measured diaphragmatic direction of motion and amplitude of excursion using M‐mode ultrasonography for dogs meeting study inclusion criteria. Eight of the clinically normal dogs were excluded due to abnormal thoracic radiographic findings. For the remaining normal dogs, the lower limit values of diaphragmatic excursion were 2.85–2.98 mm during normal breathing. One dog with bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis showed paradoxical movement of both crura at the end of inspiration. One dog with unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis had diaphragmatic excursion values of 2.00 ± 0.42 mm on the left side and 4.05 ± 1.48 mm on the right side. The difference between left and right diaphragmatic excursion values was 55%. Findings indicated that M‐mode ultrasonography is a relatively simple and objective method for measuring diaphragmatic movement in dogs. Future studies are needed in a larger number of dogs with diaphragmatic paralysis to determine the diagnostic sensitivity of this promising new technique.     

我国养蜂业发展的战略定位与对策建议——基于产业内外部效应的视角

养蜂业作为现代农业的重要组成部分,具有投入少、见效快、不占用耕地、不污染环境的特点。蜜蜂授粉还可以较大幅度提高农作物的产量和品质,促进农业实现健康、绿色和高质量发展。基于外部性理论及兼顾产业内外部效益,利用国家蜂产业体系固定观察点调研资料、蜂蜜市场价格调查和UNComtrade数据,分析了我国蜂业发展概况、生产模式、布局和发展特征,研判养蜂业面临的挑战,探讨其战略定位。研究表明,定地养殖规模相对较小但投入低,大转地养年运输距离最大可达1.5万km且单群收益最高。专业化、机械化和组织化是促进近年蜂农饲养规模稳步提高的主要因素。当前养蜂业面临3个方面的挑战:出口利润直降,高品质蜂产品生产技术与市场双重考验,大田有偿授粉机制尚未建立。因此,从增加农业农村经济和全社会福利的视角,充分发挥养蜂业在农业绿色、生态和高质量发展中的关键作用,提出战略定位和相应的政策。应着眼于专业蜂农生产技术水平提升,积极探索蜂业与种植业的耦合发展的模式,强化养蜂业外部性功能,以标准分级推动优质优价体系,以提升产业内部效益。     

Induction of cell proliferation in the rat liver by the short-term administration of ethyl tertiary-butyl ether

In the present study, in continuation of our previous experiment in order to investigate the mode of action (MOA) of ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE) hepatotumorigenicity in rats, we aimed to examine alterations in cell proliferation, that are induced by short-term administration of ETBE. F344 rats were administered ETBE at doses of 0, and 1,000 mg/kg body weight twice a day by gavage for 3, 10, 17 and 28 days. It was found that the previously observed significant increase of P450 total content and hydroxyl radical levels after 7 days of ETBE administration, and 8-OHdG formation at day 14, accompanied by accumulation of CYP2B1/2B2, CYP3A1/3A2, CYP2C6, CYP2E1 and CYP1A1 and downregulation of DNA oxoguanine glycosylase 1, was preceded by induction of cell proliferation at day 3. Furthermore, we observed an increase in regenerative cell proliferation as a result of ETBE treatment at day 28, followed by induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by day 14. These results indicated that short-term administration of ETBE led to a significant early increase in cell proliferation activity associated with induction of oxidative stress, and to a regenerative cell proliferation as an adaptive response, which could contribute to the hepatotumorigenicity of ETBE in rats.     

饲用酶制剂作用机制的研究进展

分别从饲用酶制剂对畜禽日粮中抗营养因子，消化道内源酶活，微生物菌群，消化器官，外周血液激素水平以及畜禽机体免疫机能等方面的影响，对其改善畜禽生产性能的作用机制进行了探讨，饲用酶主要是通过消除抗营养因子（SNSP，消化酶抑制剂，细胞壁和植酸）和补充内源酶等方式提高日粮养分消化率，并减少有害微生物的过度繁殖，进而改善畜禽生产性能。     

不同投喂方式对革胡子鲶消化酶的影响

在（25±1）℃水温、自然光照条件下,设3种投喂方式饲养革胡子鲶（clarias leath-er）：第1种连续投喂整个试验期间不间断,第2和3种分别连续投喂3、7 d 后饥饿1 d,3种方式分别以R0（对照组）、R1/3、R1/7表示,试验周期共45 d。结果显示：R0、R1/3和R1/7组胃、后肠和肝脏中蛋白酶活性影响差异不显著,但前肠和中肠内蛋白酶活性影响存在差异(P<0.05)。R0、R1/3、R1/7组的胃、前肠、中肠、后肠和肝脏中淀粉酶影响不显著,R0、R1/3、R1/7的胃、前肠和肝脏内脂肪酶活性影响差异显著(P<0.05),而R0、R1/3、R1/7组中肠和后肠中脂肪酶活性影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

喀什地区安格斯牛“公司+农户”饲养模式效果分析

本文目的是研究安格斯牛“公司+农户”养殖模式效果,作者通过数据对比的方法对64户养殖农户和3个安格斯牛养殖场开展实地调查,对饲草料组成、产犊间隔、养殖成本及养殖效益进行分析对比。结果表明,喀什某公司采取公司+农户的饲养模式对养殖农户调整饲草料结构、缩短产犊间隔、增加养殖效益有显著的作用。得出“公司+农户”养殖模式下,公司需对养殖农户在各饲养阶段开展技术培训才能保障最大的养殖效益的结论。     

城市交通可持续发展探讨

面对城市化和城市机动化的双重压力,我国城市交通发展挑战与机遇并存.根据城市交通直接为城市服务的性质和特点,提出了城市交通建设要＂以人为本＂,全面规划,综合治理的指导思想;论述了城市道路建设要强调功能划分并发挥多功能作用,城市交通发展要与能源的合理利用和开发相协调,城市交通治理要注重生态环境的保护,城市交通管理要把安全意识和安全设施摆在首位等可持续发展模式.可供城市交通规划和建设参考.