林业工程造林的管理策略探析

我国每年都需要消耗数量庞大的林业资源,我国社会经济的长远发展离不开林业事业 的支持。林业工程造林的管理在林业管理中有着很重要的作用,制定一套完善的林业造林管理 体系,对林业造林工程的发展有着重要的意义。和企业的管理大同小异,林业造林的管理也需 要合理的制度与方法,在管理过程中,要从资源的分配、人力的分配以及资金的运用几方面考 虑,同时要注意林业造林安全问题的管理,造林、护林、养林都是非常重要的环节。     

Impacts of Municipal Wastewater on The Transport Characteristics of Reactive Solutes Through Agricultural Soils

Reliable transport parameters of agrochemicals and soluble pollutants are crucial for modeling and management of soil and groundwater quality. This study investigated impacts of municipal wastewater on the transport parameters of five heavy metal/metalloid compounds (NaAsO₂, Cd(NO₃)₂, Pb(NO₃)₂, Ni(NO₃)₂ & ZnCl₂), two pesticides (cartap & carbendazim) and an inert salt (CaCl₂) in four agricultural soils of Bangladesh. Solute-breakthrough concentrations were measured in repacked soil columns with time-domain reflectometry (TDR) both before and after wastewater treatment. Transport velocity (V), dispersion coefficient (D), dispersivity (λ) and retardation factor (R) of the solutes, and pertinent soil properties were determined. Wastewater reduced bulk density (γ) of the soils (from 1.32–1.37 g/cm³ to 1.26–1.35 g/cm³) by increasing organic carbon (OC) (from 0.37%–0.84% to 0.40–0.93%), increased pore-size distribution index (n) (by 0.02 unit) and reduced soil pH (from 6.32–7.45 to 5.92–6.46). D and λ decreased while V and R increased after wastewater treatment; D decreased and R increased linearly with decreasing bulk density. The correlations of V, D, and R with n improved significantly (p < 0.05) after wastewater treatment. The correlation between λ and OC improved markedly for Ca, Pb, Ni, and cartap. The observed indicative results have practical implications in developing pedo-transfer functions for solute-transport parameters using basic soil properties, which are subject to progressive modification due to agrochemicals application and wastewater irrigation.     

通辽市生态工程建设对森林资源发展的影响

生态工程建设对通辽市森林资源发展变化影响很大,通过2017年二类调查数据与上期森林资源二类调查数据进行发展变化分析,研究森林资源数量、质量及结构动态变化过程,分析近十年通辽市生态工程建设成效。     

Functional Metagenomics to Mine Soil Microbiome for Novel Cadmium Resistance Genetic Determinants

Metal resistance genes are valuable resources for genetic engineering of bioremediation tools. In this study, novel genetic determinants involved in cadmium (Cd) resistance were identified using a small-insert metagenomic DNA library constructed from an arable soil microbiome. A total of 16 recombinant plasmids harboring 49 putative open reading frames (ORFs) were found to be associated with enhanced Cd tolerance. In addition to several ORFs for ion transport/chelation and stress response, most ORFs were assumed to be associated with non-direct metal resistance mechanisms such as energy metabolism, protein/amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate/fatty acid metabolism, and signal transduction. Furthermore, 13 ORFs from five clones selected at random were cloned and subject to Cd resistance assay. Eight of these ORFs were positive for Cd resistance when expressed in Escherichia coli, among which four ORFs significantly reduced Cd accumulation and one increased Cd enrichment of the host cells. Notably, C1-ORF1, potentially encoding a histidine kinase-like adenosine triphosphatase, was the most effective Cd resistance determinant and reduced host Cd accumulation by 33.9%. These findings highlight the vast capacity of soil microbiome as a source of gene pool for bioengineering. The novel genetic determinants for Cd resistance identified in this study merit further systematic explorations into their molecular mechanisms.     

市域休闲农业分布与交通条件的空间耦合度评价——以唐山市为例

为分析中小尺度区域休闲农业空间分布与交通条件耦合协调性,研究以河北唐山市为案例区,选取交通网密度、加权平均时间距离、最短距离模型三个指标测算各县级行政单位交通差异性及综合交通优势度,进而对休闲农业园区分布现状与交通条件的空间耦合性进行评价。研究发现,唐山市休闲农业园区数量分布与各单因素交通条件有较明显相关性,但与综合交通优势度相关性不明显;各区县交通优势度与园区分布现状耦合度与协调度一般,仅丰润区两者耦合协调度较高,达到高度协调水平;说明目前休闲农业和交通发展水平相互促进力度较差,交通对休闲农业发展的支撑力度不足。建议在休闲农业园区分布密集地区加快交通建设;着重开发交通便利地区及辐射带附近优质农业资源,发展休闲农业,进一步促进两者协调发展,优化空间布局。     

基于改进遗传算法的立体车库布局对比及服务资源优化

为了缓解城市交通压力,提高立体车库的服务效率.以排队论原理建立了立体车库的排队模型,考虑层、列布局对整体运行效率的影响,利用改进遗传算法通过改进编码方式、交叉变异,对堆垛机调度进行优化,得出优化后的顾客平均等待时间、平均等待队长;堆垛机空闲概率缩短了约29.1%,47.8%和0.31%;探讨了堆垛机数量及服务台数量对运行效率的影响,得出堆垛机数量为6台、服务台为3个时立体车库运行效率较高.从仿真结果来看,对立体车库库位布局和资源配置的研究,不仅可以提高立体车库运行效率,而且可以为立体车库的设计建造提供依据,对立体车库的快速发展及广泛地应用具有积极意义.     

浅谈混凝土拱桥扣锚索张拉技术

本文详细介绍了主拱拱肋斜拉扣挂施工中扣锚索的自平衡张拉、塔偏实时监测新工艺。在建造过程中通过采用新工艺进行智能化张拉扣锚索使得扣锚索索力以及塔架偏位在工程精度之内,扣锚索自平衡张拉、塔偏实时监测新工艺的成功实施,有效控制了扣塔在悬臂施工过程中的安全风险,实现了特大桥梁施工过程监测智能化,该工艺值得大力推广。     

智能汽车Ethernet AVB网络实时性分析

针对Ethernet AVB网络的实时性进行研究,通过分析某智能汽车的Ethernet AVB网络拓扑结构,定义消息参数模型,同时根据实时性要求将消息进行分类,并提出预定流量模型以传输时间关键的控制类消息。在此基础上,通过分析Ethernet AVB网络协议提出每类消息的最坏响应时间概念,并推导出定量计算公式。针对该最坏响应时间计算方法进行优化,以获得更加严格的最坏响应时间上界限。在Vector CANoe中的仿真结果表明,该方法不仅可以保证最坏响应时间的严格上界限,而且还可以有效减少上界限平均约33.7%。     

采矿区植被恢复工程设计研究

研究采矿区矿山山体破损、地质灾害隐患、地形地貌景观破损和土地植被资源破坏程度,进行植被修复治理工程设计。治理对象为废弃闭坑露天采坑1处、排岩场1处、尾矿坝1处;破坏土地类型为有林地。治理废弃露天采坑破损面积5.8822hm^2、排岩场占用破坏面积18.5686hm^2、尾矿坝面积13.9080hm^2,总治理区面积为38.3588hm^2。     

涌泉根灌湿润体水氮运移特性试验研究

在陕北米脂山地微灌枣树示范基地原状土上进行了涌泉根灌肥液入渗试验,研究了湿润体特征值的变化规律及水氮运移特性.〖JP+1〗结果表明：涌泉根灌入渗能力随肥液质量浓度增大而增大,累积入渗量与入渗时间的关系符合Kostiakov模型;竖直剖面的水平和垂直方向上的湿润锋运移速度均随肥液质量浓度增大而增大,并与时间均呈良好的幂函数关系.肥液质量浓度越大,涌泉根灌相同时间内湿润体的湿润深度越深,相同位置处的土壤质量含水率越大.清水与不同肥液质量浓度的涌泉根灌土壤平均质量含水率分布规律类似,肥液质量浓度越大,相同土层深度的质量含水率越大.在一定施肥条件下,涌泉根灌肥液入渗相同深度处NO-3-N与NH+4-N质量比均随肥液质量浓度增大而增大,经过水分再分布,均于土层深度70 cm处接近本底值.