实证分析商贸流通对沿海农业经济增长的影响

以商贸流通对于沿海农业经济增长的问题为研究对象,实证研究结果表明,商贸流通对于农业经济总产值和农业人均可支配收入均具有促进作用.总体而言,商贸流通行业总产值对农业人均可支配收入影响的强度较对农业经济总产值的影响更显著,从而从实证研究角度证明商贸流通有利于沿海经济的增长.提出了应创新商贸流通农业经济运作模式,优化商贸流通农业经济发展环境,加强商贸流通农业经济人才培养,推动商贸流通农业冷链物流发展,构建商贸流通农业经济产业联盟等促进农业经济发展的对策.     

中美贸易摩擦对广东省输美水产品贸易的影响及对策研究

【目的】通过分析中美贸易摩擦对广东省输美水产品贸易的影响,提出相关对策与建议以缓和中美贸易摩擦带来的负面影响,促进广东省水产品企业转型升级。【方法】结合统计数据及半结构式实地调研情况,运用TC指数方法,分析广东省输美水产品贸易现状,从宏观到微观深入探讨中美贸易摩擦背景下广东省输美水产品市场所受到的影响,并从企业、行业和政府层面提出对策与建议。【结果】2018年中美贸易摩擦发生后,广东省水产品出口贸易面临更大的不确定性,宏观上导致水产品竞争力下降,贸易顺差转为逆差,水产品出口美国受阻,内销比例增大,部分出口美国的水产品转向东盟和澳大利亚市场;微观上对水产品上中下游各环节造成负面影响,非美和国内市场有所拓宽,加工量减少,养殖计划不明确。【结论】广东省水产品企业应兼顾国内外市场,激发消费潜力;带领养殖户转变养殖模式,提高抗风险能力;加大科研力度,从根本上提升核心竞争力。行业协会应发挥带头作用,共同防范风险。建议政府出台相关扶持政策,携手企业以更从容的姿态应对中美贸易摩擦。     

叶面阻隔联合土壤钝化对水稻镉吸收转运的影响

为了探讨叶面阻隔联合钝化对水稻镉吸收转运的影响,实现重金属污染农田稻米安全生产,采用大田试验的方式,选用氨基酸螯合硒营养液肥和活性硅肥作为叶面阻隔剂,硅钙肥和贝壳粉作为土壤钝化剂,在田间共设置7个处理：水稻常规种植（CK）,叶面喷施氨基酸螯合硒营养液肥（Se400）,叶面喷施活性硅肥（Si1000）,叶面喷施氨基酸螯合硒营养液肥的同时分别基施硅钙肥（Se400GG）和贝壳粉（Se400BK）,叶面喷施活性硅肥的同时分别基施硅钙肥（Si1000GG）和贝壳粉（Si1000BK）。水稻成熟后对水稻籽粒、颖壳、秸秆、根四部分的镉含量进行检测。结果表明：与对照处理相比,各处理水稻籽粒中镉含量均不同程度降低,且叶面阻隔联合土壤钝化处理的效果更好。Se400GG处理水稻籽粒镉含量下降最明显,降幅为88.13%,水稻籽粒镉含量为（0.18±0.01）mg·kg^-1,低于大米镉限量值0.2 mg·kg^-1（GB 2762—2017）;其次是Si1000GG处理,水稻籽粒镉含量下降了56.77%;单独叶面阻隔的两个处理Si1000和Se400效果较差,水稻籽粒镉含量仅下降了18.28%和9.03%。水稻籽粒镉含量降低的主要原因是水稻各部位的富集系数和转运系数减小,Se400GG和Si1000GG处理水稻根到秸秆的转运系数下降了84.93%和72.60%,水稻籽粒的富集系数下降了87.88%和56.06%,而Se400和Si1000处理水稻根到秸秆的转运系数仅下降46.58%和38.36%,水稻籽粒的富集系数仅下降12.12%和15.91%。可见,叶面阻隔联合钝化技术,尤其是叶面喷施氨基酸螯合硒营养液肥的同时基施硅钙肥能更有效地阻隔水稻对镉的吸收和转运,降低水稻籽粒镉的含量,是值得在镉低污染稻田推广应用的技术。     

China's alfalfa market and imports: Development,trends, and potential impacts of the U.S.–China trade dispute and retaliations

This study examines the development and trends of China's alfalfa market and imports, identifies key factors for the rapid increase in China's alfalfa imports, and discusses potential impacts of the U.S.–China trade dispute and retaliations on the alfalfa markets and trade in both nations. China's rapid transition toward larger-scale commercial dairy production, with enhanced feed and cost management as well as quality and safety control, and its limited resources for high-quality alfalfa production are key factors for the dramatic increase in its alfalfa imports, from 19 601 metric tons in 2008 to 1.38 million metric tons (mmt) in 2018. While the United States dominated China's alfalfa imports with an average share of 97.01% from 2007 to 2017, the share dropped to 83.76% in 2018 and 63.28% in January 2019 due to the trade dispute and retaliations started in 2018. China will likely remain a large importer of alfalfa because of both its growing demand and the comparative advantages of imported alfalfa in quality and price, but the imports from the United States will be highly affected by the ongoing trade dispute and negotiations. China is also expected to make more efforts to reduce its dependence on U.S. alfalfa through increased investment in domestic alfalfa production and identification of alternative sources of alfalfa and other hay imports.     

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural exports

The COVID-19 outbreak has shocked the world's economies in the year of 2020. As this pandemic spreads around the globe, many experts feared that the global food supplies might start running short, especially if supply chains were disrupted. COVID-19 also added to the uncertainty of the business operation. Therefore, it is critical to understand how COVID-19 pandemic affected global food supply and market. In this study, we investigate the impact of COVID-19 on agricultural export companies in China using a unique firm-level survey data. We found that although on average agricultural businesses experienced declines in the exports, exports of some agricultural products especially grain and oil held strong and even increased, implying the essential demand for staple food during the pandemic. Not surprisingly, exports of medicinal herb also increased significantly during the pandemic. However, exports of goods such as edible fungus and horticultural products sharply decreased. Our results also showed that in general, impact of COVID-19 on smaller firms was more severe than that on larger firms. The results of this study can provide useful guidance and implications for agricultural businesses and policy makers on their COVID-19 mitigation efforts to navigate this global pandemic.     

实现未来我国粮食安全的粮食贸易对策

分析了半个世纪以来我国粮食贸易的发展变化趋势,以及近20年粮食进出口品种结构变化和不同粮食品种进出口情况的变化。未来我国实现粮食安全的基本对策为：①适当增加粮食进口是保障我国粮食安全的必然的、经济的、有效的选择;②广泛参与世界粮食贸易,合理利用国际市场,保持90％左右的粮食自给率;③适当增加玉米和小麦的进口,控制稻谷的进出口规模。     

PRB技术及其在地下水污染修复中的应用

阐述了可渗透反应墙技术的基本原理、系统结构类型及安装方法、活性材料选取与反应机理,以及在地下水污染修复中的应用,并指出其不足和今后的发展方向。     

广西北部湾生态安全屏障保护与建设

分析了北部湾生态屏障现存问题,提出对北部湾自然生态系统进行保护建设,对生境退化区、水源涵养区、水土保持区和防风固沙区等进行人工生态系统建设,对北部湾生态系统健康进行保障建设,以期构建一个人工和自然生态系统相结合的多层次的北部湾生态系统,并确保其长期健康、稳定和持续地发挥生态屏障作用,保障北部湾及其周边地区的生态安全。     

木质林产品跨境交易下碳储量核算方法比较分析

国际贸易行为使得储存于采伐后木质林产品中的碳汇在各国间发生流动, 又由于对采伐后木质林产品的使用方式和最终用途的差异, 使得产品中碳汇的存续时间出现巨大的差异。如何对国际木质林产品跨境交易下的各国碳储量变化进行全面量化, 合理判断各国基于木质林产品消费方式的差异而对环境所造成的直接或间接影响, 从而明晰全球温室气体减排下各国的责任划分, 具有非常重要的意义。文中根据政府间气候变化专业委员会(IPCC)所提供的4种采伐后木质林产品碳储量核算方法, 分析各国对不同核算方法的立场及其背后的深层原因, 指出我国应该积极开展木质林产品跨境交易下碳储量核算方法的前沿跟踪研究, 以便未来在木质林产品碳汇计量谈判中掌握主动权从而有效维护国家利益。